LSJ
II
ὅρκια, τά, the offerings and other things used at a solemn oath or treaty, κήρυκες . . ὅ. πιστὰ θεῶν σύναγον Il. 3.269, cf. 245 ; οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες ὀμνύουσιν ὥσπερ ἐπὶ Ἀκάστου τὰ ὅ. ποιήσειν Arist. Ath. 3.3 ; ὅ. παρεχέτω ὁ ἱερωργός SIG 581.91 ( Crete, iii/ii B. C.); then, that which is sworn to, treaty, solemn agreement, freq. in Hom. (esp. Il.), οὐκ ἔστι λέουσι καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὅ. πιστά 22.262 : freq. in phrase, ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμεῖν 2.124, cf. 3.105, al. ; κατόπερ τὰ ὅ. ἔταμον SIG 45.44 ( Halic., v B.C.); ὅ. ἐπιταμνέτω Schwyzer 687 D 2 ( Chios, vii/vi B.C.); ὅ. ποιεῖσθαι SIG 591.32 ( Lampsacus, ii B. C.) ; ὅ. τελεῖν Il. 7.69; φυλάσσειν 3.280 ; ὅ. δηλήσασθαι or ὑπὲρ ὅ. δηλ. violate a solemn treaty, ib. 107, 4.67 ; ὑπὲρ ὅ. πημῆναι 3.299 ; κατὰ δʼ ὅ. πιστὰ πάτησαν they trampled on the treaty, 4.157 ; σύν γʼ ὅρκιʼ ἔχευαν ib. 269 ; ψεύσασθαι 7.351 ; ἀκούεις ὁρκίων ἐμῶν θέμιν A. Ag. 1431 ; τὰ ὅ. ἐστί τινι, c. inf., one is bound by treaty to do, Th. 6.52 : Hdt. has sg. also in this sense, κατὰ τὸ ὅ. 1.77 ; ὅ. ποιέεσθαι πρός τινας ib. 141 : abs., ib. 143, etc. ; ὅ. μένει κατὰ χώρην remains as it was, 4.201 ; ὀμόσαι τὸ ὅ. ἦ μὴν ἐάσειν . . Th. 6.72 ; ὅρκιον ἔταμον SIG 4.10 ( Cyzicus, vi B. C.).
πημαίνω, Il. 15.42: fut. -ᾰνῶ S. Aj. 1314, OC 837; Ion. - ανέω Il. 24.781: aor. ἐπήμηνα 3.299, S. Tr. 715, Pl. R. 364c; Dor. part. πημάνας [ᾱ] IG 1(2).1085.8 :— Med., fut. πημᾰνοῦμαι Ar. Ach. 842 (s. v.l.), also πημανούμενος in pass. sense, S. Aj. 1155 : Ep. aor. πημήναντο Q.S. 13.379 :— Pass., aor. ἐπημάνθην (v. infr.) :—
plunge into ruin, undo, and in milder sense, grieve, distress, π. Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα Il. 15.42; [ Ὅρκος] ἀνθρώπους π. Hes. Th. 232, cf. Thgn. 689; π. τὴν γῆν damage it, Hdt. 9.13; ἄτρακτος θεὸν π. S. Tr. 715; π. τινὰ φαρμάκοις Pl. Lg. 932e; ὑγρότης π. τὰ ὄμματα Arist. Pr. 957b24 : abs., do harm, Il. 24.781, Democr. 258; ὑπὲρ ὅρκια πημήνειαν might work harm in transgression of oaths, Il. 3.299:— Med., ὅρκια πημήναντο violated their oaths, Q.S. l.c.:— Pass., suffer hurt or harm, οὐδέ τις οὖν μοι νηῶν πημάνθη Od. 14.255, cf. 8.563, A. Pr. 336, etc.; ἴσθι πημανούμενος S. Aj. 1155.—Poet. word, used also IG 1(2).18.7 and by Hdt. l.c., Pl. R. l.c., Lg. 862a, 932e, 933e ( Pass.), and in later Prose, as Corn. ND 32 ( Pass.), Porph. Abst. 2.12, Agath. 5.23.
2
in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opp. κατʼ αἶσαν, Il. 3.59, al.; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον) ib. 30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299, al.
cunliffe_lex
ὅρκιον -ου, τό [app. neut. of ὅρκιος, adj. fr. ὅρκος.] 1 In pl., sacrificial victims or other offerings in sanction of an oath, oath-offerings: κήρυκες ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεῶν φέρον ὅρκια (the gods being to be invoked as witnesses) Il. 3.245. Cf. Il. 3.269. 2 In sing., an oath-sacrifice : οὐχ ἄλιον πέλει ὅρκιον (our . . .) Il. 4.158. 3 ὅρκια τάμνειν, to make a compact with the sanction of an oath, enter into a solemn treaty or agreementIl. 2.124, Il. 3.73 = 256, Il. 3.94, 105, 252, Il. 4.155, Il. 19.191 : Od. 24.483. 4 Hence, in pl., a compact, treaty, agreement : συνθεσίαι τε καὶ ὅρκια Il. 2.339. Cf. Il. 3.107, 280, 299, 323, Il. 4.67 = 72, 157, 236, 269, 271, Il. 7.69, 351, 411, Il. 22.262, 266 : Od. 24.546. 5 In pl., an oath : ὅρκια τοι δώσω Od. 19.302.
πημαίνω [πῆμα.] Fut. infin. πημανέειν Il. 24.781. 3 pl. aor. opt. πημήνειαν Il. 3.299. 3 sing. aor. pass. πημάνθη Od. 14.255. Infin. πημανθῆναι Od. 8.563. To bring bane or mischief upon : Τρῶας Il. 15.42. Absol., to take hostile action, take the offensive, attack : ὁππότεροι πρότεροι πημήνειαν Il. 3.299. Cf. Il. 24.781. In pass., to suffer harm or damage : οὔ τι πημανθῆναι ἔπι δέος Od. 8.563. Cf. Od. 14.255.
πημαίνω [πῆμα.] Fut. infin. πημανέειν Il. 24.781. 3 pl. aor. opt. πημήνειαν Il. 3.299. 3 sing. aor. pass. πημάνθη Od. 14.255. Infin. πημανθῆναι Od. 8.563. To bring bane or mischief upon : Τρῶας Il. 15.42. Absol., to take hostile action, take the offensive, attack : ὁππότεροι πρότεροι πημήνειαν Il. 3.299. Cf. Il. 24.781. In pass., to suffer harm or damage : οὔ τι πημανθῆναι ἔπι δέος Od. 8.563. Cf. Od. 14.255.
πρότερος -η, -ον [comp. fr. πρό.] 1 That is in front : ἐν προτέροισι πόδεσσιν (his fore-paws) Od. 19.228. 2 Sooner, earlier : οὔ τις π. τόν γʼ εἴσεται (before you) Il. 1.548, π. γεγόνει (had been born before him, was the elder) Il. 13.355. Cf. Il. 17.14, Il. 19.219, Il. 21.440 : Od. 2.31, 43. With genit., sooner than, before : ἐμέο π. ἐπέγρετο Il. 10.124. With πρίν: οὐκ εἴων προτέρην αἵματος ἆσσον ἴμεν, πρὶν . . . (to do so before . . ., until I should . . .) Od. 11.88. 3 In neut. sing. πρότερον as adv., sooner Il. 14.467. 4 a Doing, succeeding in doing, something before another, anticipating him, taking the lead or initiative, assuming the aggressive, commencing, first (cf. πρῶτος 5..a) : ὁππότεροι πρότεροι πημήνειαν Il. 3.299, πρότερος προΐει ἔγχος Il. 5.15. Cf. Il. 3.351, Il. 4.67, Il. 5.276, Il. 8.253 (cutting in), Il. 16.569, Il. 19.183, etc. : Od. 3.13, Od. 16.460, Od. 20.394, Od. 24.23, etc. b Sim. in oblique cases of one to whom action is directed before another, first (cf. πρῶτος 5..b) : ὑμῖν πὰρ προτέροισι πυρὸν ἔθηκεν Il. 8.188. Cf. Il. 15.157 : Od. 3.50, 53. 5 Belonging to time past : ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων (in the days of the men of old) Il. 5.637, Il. 23.332. Cf. Il. 11.691, Il. 21.405 : Od. 8.223, Od. 11.630. Absol. in pl., the men of old : οἱ πρότεροι Il. 4.308. 6 Born sooner, older : π. καὶ ἀρείων Il. 2.707, Il. 23.588 : Od. 19.184. Cf. Il. 15.166, 182. 7 Belonging to the past as opposed to the present, the former . . ., one's former . . .: ἀνδρός Il. 3.140. Cf. Il. 3.163, 429 : Od. 15.22, Od. 19.504, Od. 22.264 (to add to the former wrongs). The preceding . . . : ἠοῖ τῇ προτέρῃ Il. 13.794. Cf. Il. 21.5, Il. 23.790 (of the last generation and the men who lived then). Absol. : τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρῃ), the day before Od. 16.50.
ὑπέρ [in form comp. fr. ὑπό.] Also (in phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα) ὑπείρ Il. 23.227, Il. 24.13 : Od. 3.73, Od. 4.172, Od. 9.254. (ὑπέρ commonly with anastrophe when immediately following the case-form.) Prep. with 1 Acc. a In reference to motion or extent over a space : τὸ δὲ τεῖχος ὕπερ πᾶν δοῦπος ὀρώρει Il. 12.289. Cf. Il. 23.227, Il. 24.13 : ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε ὑπεὶρ ἅλα; Od. 3.73 = Od. 9.254. Cf. Od. 4.172, Od. 9.260. b In reference to passing over an object : ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή Il. 5.16, δόρυ χροὸς ἀντετόρησε πρυμνὸν ὕπερ θέναρος 339 (app. the κόλπος of the robe is held up in defence by the hand with the palm outwards). Cf. Il. 5.851, Il. 10.373, etc. : Od. 7.135, Od. 22.279, etc. c In excess of, beyond, in violation, transgression or defiance of : αἶσαν Il. 3.59 = Il. 6.333, Il. 6.487, Il. 16.780, ὅρκια Il. 3.299, Il. 4.67 = 72, 236, 271, Διὸς αἶσαν Il. 17.321, μόρον Il. 20.30, Il. 21.517 (see ὑπέρμορον, μόρος 3), μοῖραν Il. 20.336 : μόρον Od. 1.34, 35, Od. 5.436 (see ὑπέρμορον, μόρος 3). In reference to a person, in spite of, with . . . against one : ὑπὲρ θεόν Il. 17.327. 2 Genit. a In reference to position or height over or above something : ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς Il. 2.20, ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιʼ ὑπὲρ αἴης Il. 23.327. Cf. Il. 13.200, etc. : Od. 4.803, Od. 6.107, Od. 12.406, Od. 16.471, etc. So in reference to the position of wound : βάλε στέρνον ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο Il. 4.528. Cf. Il. 5.145, Il. 13.616, Il. 15.433, etc. : Od. 19.450. To pouring water on hands held over a basin : χέρνιβα [χερσὶν] ἐπέχευεν ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος Od. 1.137, etc. In a navigational context, to the north of : ὑπὲρ κρήτης Od. 14.300 (cf. καθύπερθε 3..c). In reference to position far away over a space : τηλοῦ ὑπὲρ πόντου Od. 13.257. b In reference to motion passing over an object : ὥς τε κῦμα νηὸς ὑπὲρ τοίχων καταβήσεται Il. 15.382. Cf. Il. 12.424. Il. 14.412, Il. 16.406, Il. 20.279, Il. 23.73, 820, etc. : Od. 17.575. To the motion of sound : ὑπὲρ τάφρου ἴαχεν Il. 18.228. c In defence of, for the protection of : τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ Il. 7.449, etc. d On behalf of : ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑπὲρ Δαναῶν Il. 1.444. e On account of, concerning : ὅθʼ ὑπὲρ σέθεν αἴσχεʼ ἀκούω Il. 6.524. f In adjurations, by : ὑπὲρ τοκέων γουνούμενος Il. 15.660. Cf. Il. 15.665, Il. 22.338, Il. 24.466 : Od. 15.261.