LSJ
2
stand apart, be at variance, διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Il. 1.6; εἴ τινές που διασταῖεν Th. 1.18; διέστη ἐς ξυμμαχίαν ἑκατέρων sided with one or the other party, ib. 15; κατὰ πόλεις διέσταμεν Id. 4.61; διεστηκότες εἰς δύο D. 10.4, cf. 18.18; ἐρίζειν καὶ διεστάναι Id. 2.29; simply, differ, be different, πλούτου ἀρετὴ διέστηκεν Pl. R. 550e; πρὸς ἄλληλα Arist. Pol. 1256a29, cf. Po. 1448a17; ἡ ἀριστοκρατία διέστηκεν ἀπὸ ταύτης πολὺ τῆς πολιτείας Id. Pol. 1289b3; οὖρα διεστηκότα not homogeneous, Hp. Aph. 7.33.
II
ἐξ οὗ [ χρόνου] since, Il. 1.6, Od. 2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il. 8.296 ; ἐκ τούτου X. An. 5.8.15, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο there after, Il. 1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X. Mem. 2.9.4, S. OT 235) ; ἐξ ἐκείνου Th. 2.15 ; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id. 1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id. 8.45 ; ἐκ πλείστου ib. 68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id. 2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu. Caes. 28) ; ἐκ παλαιοῦ X. Mem. 3.5.8 ; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th. 1.18.
strive, wrangle, quarrel, διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Il. 1.6, etc.; τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἔχει λόγον δυοῖν ἐρίζειν S. El. 467: c. dat., Hes. Th. 928, Pi. Pae. l.c., etc.; ἀλλήλοις Od. 18.277 ; ἀντιβίην τινί Il. 1.277 ; ἀντία τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς Pi. P. 4.285; πρὸς θεόν ib. 2.88 ; πρός τινα περί τινος Plu. Tim. 14 ; ὗς ποτʼ Ἀθαναίαν ἔριν ἤρισε Theoc. 5.23 ; πρὸς πᾶν τὸ λεγόμενον Hdt. 7.50 ; περί τινος about a thing, Il. 12.423, al.; περὶ μικρῶν ἀκριβῶς ἐ. Isoc. 2.39 : folld. by a relat., ἐ. ὅστις ἀρείων Theoc. 5.67 ; ὁπότερος γενναιότερος Pl. Ly. 207c : c. inf., contend that.., ἤριζον οἱ πολλοὶ οὐ λυσιτελήσειν τὴν πάροδον D. 9.11: abs., of sophistical disputations, opp. διαλέγεσθαι, ἀμφισβητεῖν, Pl. R. 454a, Prt. 337b, cf. Crates Theb. 1.3 ; of political discord, c. dat., Foed. ap. Th. 5.79.
B
ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals : rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il. 1.167, 7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od. 19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον the hindmost man, Il. 11.178 ; τὸν ἄριστον 17.80 ; τὸν δύστηνον 22.59 ; τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325 ; τῷ πρώτῳ . . , τῷ δευτέρῳ . . , etc., ib. 265 sq. ; also in τῶν ἄλλων 2.674, al.: with Advs., τὸ πρίν 24.543, al.; τὸ πάρος περ 17.720 ; τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583 ; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ; τὰ πρῶτα 1.6, al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ; ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, v. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in Att.
a
first, in the first place, πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον (vulg. ὕστερον) Hes. Th. 34; π. μὲν . . , δεύτερον αὖ . . , τὸ τρίτον αὖ . . Il. 6.179; τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δʼ ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; Od. 9.14; Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα . . , αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ . . Il. 5.458; οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο . . , αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα . . 1.50; π. μὲν . . , ἔπειτα δὲ . . S. OC 632, X. Cyr. 2.1.2, 23, An. 5.6.7- 8, Hier. 11.8, etc.; π. μὲν . . , ἔπειτα . . Pl. Phd. 89a, etc.; π. μὲν . . , ἔπειτα δεύτερον . . , τρίτον δὲ . . Aeschin. 1.7; π. μὲν . . , εἶτα . . Pl. Phlb. 15b; π. μὲν . . , εἶτα δὲ . . X. An. 1.2.16; π. μὲν . . , εἶτα . . , ἔτι δὲ . . Id. Mem. 1.2.1; π. μὲν . . , . . δὲ αὖ . . Pl. Lg. 935a; π. μὲν . . , ἔτι δὲ . . Lys. 4.10, etc.; π. μὲν . . , ἔτι τοίνυν . . D. 44.57; freq. answered only by δέ, Id. 9.48, etc.; sts. the answering clause must be supplied, A. Ag. 810, D. 7.7, etc.: also πρῶτον μὲν . . δεύτερον μήν . . Pl. Phlb. 66a: also πρῶτα μὲν . . , ἔπειτα . . S. Tr. 616, Ar. Pl. 728; πρῶτα μὲν . . , ἔπειτα . . , εἶτα . . E. Med. 548; πρῶτα μὲν . . , . . δὲ . . A. Pr. 447; πρῶτα μὲν . . , ἔπειτα δὲ . . X. HG 7.1.7, cf. S. Ph. 919; ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω since my first meeting is with you, Od. 13.228, cf. 7.53, Il. 8.274: also τὸ πρῶτον, first, in the first place, at the beginning, ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα 4.267; οὕνεκά σʼ οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδʼ ἀγάπησα Od. 23.214. cf. Il. 3.443, 6.345, Pi. P. 9.41, N. 3.49; τὸ μὲν οὖν π. Pl. Prt. 333d, etc.; τὸ π . . ., μετὰ ταῦτα . . D. 1.12: also τὰ π., Il. 1.6, Od. 1.257, etc.; πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π . . . , αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα . . Il. 4.424; τὰ π. μὲν . . , ὡς δὲ . . A. Pers. 412; τὰ π . . . , τέλος δὲ . . S. Fr. 149.5, cf. 966.
cunliffe_lex
δή 1 Temporal particle. a α By or before this (or that) time, by now, now, already, ere this: ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασιν ἐνιαυτοί Il. 2.134. Cf. Il. 1.394, 503, Il. 2.117, Il. 3.150, Il. 5.383, Il. 8.297, etc.: ὃς δὴ γήραϊ κυφὸς ἔην Od. 2.16. Cf. Od. 1.26, 161, Od. 3.245, Od. 4.373, Od. 7.152, Od. 13.10, etc. β Indicating the arrival of a point of time, arrival at a result: ἐξ οὗ δὴ διαστήτην (from the time when the quarrel came to the point of braaking out) Il. 1.6, εἰδὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς (if it has come to this that . . . ) Il. 1.61, νημερτὲς μὲν δή μοι ὑπόσχεο (you must now decide) 514. Cf. Il. 1.161, 574, Il. 8.34, Il. 9.202, 309, 434, Il. 19.9, Il. 20.115, etc.: ἦ μάλα δή με θέσφαθʼ ἱκάνει Od. 13.172, ὅππως δὴ μνηστῆρσι χεῖρας ἐφήσει (at this crisis of his fate) Od. 20.29, αἲ γὰρ δὴ θεοὶ τισαίατο λώβην (to such a pitch of insolence have they come) 169. Cf. Od. 14.333, 379, Od. 19.510, Od. 22.395, Od. 23.43, etc. With ἄγε, ἄγετε. See ἄγε.–With ἄγρει Od. 21.176. b Now, at this (or that ) time: καὶ δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε . . . Il. 6.52. Cf. Il. 1.388, Il. 2.436, Il. 9.245, Il. 11.126, 441, Il. 17.261, etc.: ὃς δή σφι σχεδόν ἐστιν Od. 2.284. Cf. Od. 4.551, 770, Od. 5.401, 409, Od. 10.549, Od. 16.280, etc. c Joined with, and emphasizing or defining, other temporal words: αἰεὶ δή Il. 12.323, δὴ αὖ Il. 1.540, δὴ αὖτε Il. 1.340, ἐπεὶ δή Il. 4.124, ἐπὴν δή Il. 16.453, καί νυ δή Il. 7.273, νῦν δή Od. 2.284, ὁππότε δή Il. 16.53, ὅτε δή Il. 1.432, ὀψὲ δή Il. 7.94, τάχα δή Il. 13.120, τῆμος δή Od. 12.441, τότε δή Il. 1.92, etc. 2 As affirmative or emphasizing particle: μὴ δὴ οὕτως κλέπτε νόῳ Il. 1.131. Cf. Il. 1.286, 295, Il. 2.158, 301, Il. 6.476, Il. 8.491, Il. 11.314, Il. 13.260, Il. 18.364, etc.: εἰ δὴ ἐξ αὐτοῖο τόσος πάϊς εἰς Ὀδυσῆος Od. 1.207. Cf. Od. 1.253, 384, Od. 3.352, 357, Od. 4.819, Od. 5.23, Od. 11.348, Od. 14.282, etc. Giving a touch of scorn, forsooth, to be sure: ὡς δὴ τοῦδʼ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει Il. 1.110. Cf. Il. 3.403, Il. 8.177, Il. 14.88, etc.: Od. 21.170. Emphasizing superlatives: κάρτιστοι δὴ κεῖνοι τράφεν Il. 1.266. Cf. Il. 6.98, Il. 7.155, Il. 10.436, Il. 22.76, etc.: οἴκτιστον δὴ κεῖνο ἴδον Od. 12.258. Cf. Od. 8.519, Od. 11.309, etc.
διΐστημι [δι-, δια- 6.] 3 dual aor. διαστήτην Il. 1.6, Il. 16.470. 3 pl. διέστησαν Il. 24.718. Nom. pl. masc. pple. διαστάντες Il. 12.86, Il. 17.391. 1 pl. pf. διέσταμεν Il. 21.436. 1 In aor. and mid. a To stand apart or aside: διαστάντες (severing, parting, i.e. in order to form themselves into bodies) Il. 12.86, τὼ [ἵππω] διαστήτην (wheeled apart, i.e. with their hind quarters) Il. 16.470, διαστάντες (taking their stand at (regular) intervals) Il. 17.391, διέστησαν καὶ εἶξαν ἀπήνῃ (stood aside, parted this way and that) Il. 24.718. b Of the sea, to part, be cleft Il. 13.29. c To come into variance, quarrel Il. 1.6. 2 In pf., to have one's stand, stand, apart: τίη διέσταμεν; (why do we not come to close quarters ?) Il. 21.436.
διΐστημι [δι-, δια- 6.] 3 dual aor. διαστήτην Il. 1.6, Il. 16.470. 3 pl. διέστησαν Il. 24.718. Nom. pl. masc. pple. διαστάντες Il. 12.86, Il. 17.391. 1 pl. pf. διέσταμεν Il. 21.436. 1 In aor. and mid. a To stand apart or aside: διαστάντες (severing, parting, i.e. in order to form themselves into bodies) Il. 12.86, τὼ [ἵππω] διαστήτην (wheeled apart, i.e. with their hind quarters) Il. 16.470, διαστάντες (taking their stand at (regular) intervals) Il. 17.391, διέστησαν καὶ εἶξαν ἀπήνῃ (stood aside, parted this way and that) Il. 24.718. b Of the sea, to part, be cleft Il. 13.29. c To come into variance, quarrel Il. 1.6. 2 In pf., to have one's stand, stand, apart: τίη διέσταμεν; (why do we not come to close quarters ?) Il. 21.436.
ἐρίζω [ἔρις.] 3 pl. pa. iterative ἐρίζεσκον Od. 8.225. 3 pl. aor. subj. ἐρίσωσι Od. 18.277. 3 sing. opt. ἐρίσειε Od. 23.126. ἐρίσσειε Il. 3.223: Od. 15.321, Od. 19.286. 3 pl. ἐρίσσειαν Il. 15.284. Nom. dual mase. pple. ἐρίσαντε Il. 1.6. Pl. ἐρίσαντες Il. 13.109. 3 sing. aor. subj. mid. ἐρίσσεται Od. 4.80. 1 To be at variance, quarrel, wrangle, dispute: διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε (having conceived offence) Il. 1.6, περὶ ἴσης Il. 12.423. With dat.: βασιλεῦσιν Il. 2.214, 247, κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες Il. 13.109. 2 To challenge. With dat. and infin.: ἀλλήλοιϊν μαχέσσασθαι Od. 18.38. 3 To engage in rivalry or competition: περὶ μύθων Il. 15.284. To rival, compete with, vie with, a person: Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν Il. 2.555. Cf. Od. 19.286. With dat.: βασιλῆϊ Il. 1.277. Cf. Il. 3.223, Il. 6.131, Il. 23.404: Od. 4.78, Od. 8.223, 225, 371, Od. 18.277, Od. 23.126. To match oneself with, stand up to in fight. With dat.: κρονίωνος παισίν Il. 21.185. With dat. of that in which one vies with a person: ποσίν Il. 13.325. With double dat.: δρηστοσύνῃ οὐκ ἄν μοι ἐρίσσειεν ἄλλος Od. 15.321. So in mid. Il. 5.172: Od. 4.80. With dat. and acc.: εἰ Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι (in . . .) Il. 9.389. Cf. Od. 5.213.
ἐρίζω [ἔρις.] 3 pl. pa. iterative ἐρίζεσκον Od. 8.225. 3 pl. aor. subj. ἐρίσωσι Od. 18.277. 3 sing. opt. ἐρίσειε Od. 23.126. ἐρίσσειε Il. 3.223: Od. 15.321, Od. 19.286. 3 pl. ἐρίσσειαν Il. 15.284. Nom. dual mase. pple. ἐρίσαντε Il. 1.6. Pl. ἐρίσαντες Il. 13.109. 3 sing. aor. subj. mid. ἐρίσσεται Od. 4.80. 1 To be at variance, quarrel, wrangle, dispute: διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε (having conceived offence) Il. 1.6, περὶ ἴσης Il. 12.423. With dat.: βασιλεῦσιν Il. 2.214, 247, κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες Il. 13.109. 2 To challenge. With dat. and infin.: ἀλλήλοιϊν μαχέσσασθαι Od. 18.38. 3 To engage in rivalry or competition: περὶ μύθων Il. 15.284. To rival, compete with, vie with, a person: Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν Il. 2.555. Cf. Od. 19.286. With dat.: βασιλῆϊ Il. 1.277. Cf. Il. 3.223, Il. 6.131, Il. 23.404: Od. 4.78, Od. 8.223, 225, 371, Od. 18.277, Od. 23.126. To match oneself with, stand up to in fight. With dat.: κρονίωνος παισίν Il. 21.185. With dat. of that in which one vies with a person: ποσίν Il. 13.325. With double dat.: δρηστοσύνῃ οὐκ ἄν μοι ἐρίσσειεν ἄλλος Od. 15.321. So in mid. Il. 5.172: Od. 4.80. With dat. and acc.: εἰ Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι (in . . .) Il. 9.389. Cf. Od. 5.213.
ὁ, ἡ, τό Genit. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ. Genit. masc. and neut. τοῖο Il. 1.380, 493, etc. : Od. 3.334, 388, etc. Genit. dual τοῖϊν Il. 11.110, etc. : Od. 18.34. Nom. pl. τοί Il. 1.447, Il. 2.52, etc. : Od. 1.112, 250, etc. Fem. ταί Il. 3.5, etc. : Od. 6.90, etc. Genit. pl. fem. τάων Il. 4.46, Il. 5.320, etc. : Od. 2.119, Od. 7.117, etc. Dat. τῇσι Il. 6.298, etc. : Od. 6.101, etc. τῇς Il. 5.750, etc. : Od. 4.721, etc. 1 The substantival article. a As anaphoric pronoun of the 3rd person, he, she, it : ὁ γὰρ νοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὦρσεν Il. 1.9. Cf. Il. 1.12, 29, 43, 58, 221, etc. : Od. 1.9, 13, 31, 113, 249, 277, etc.–ὁ (οἱ) μὲν . . . ὁ (οἱ) δὲ . . ., one (some) . . . the other ((the) others) . . . : οἱ μὲν δάμεν, οἱ δὲ λίποντο Il. 12.14. Cf. Il. 2.90, Il. 18.499, etc. : Od. 1.24, Od. 5.477, Od. 7.104, Od. 10.85, etc. With γε Il. 1.65, 261, 548, etc. : Od. 1.4, 195, etc. So in resumption in a second clause : νῆας ἔπηξε, πολὺν δʼ ὅ γε λαὸν ἀγείρας βῆ Il. 2.664. Cf. Il. 3.409, etc. : Od. 2.327, etc. Of the 1st person : ὁ δʼ ἀλλοδαπῷ ἐνὶ δήμῳ πολεμίζω Il. 19.324. b Sometimes to be translated this, that, in pl. these (those) things, matters, etc. : τό τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι Il. 1.228, τῶν οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις Il. 1.301. Cf. Il. 1.318, Il. 17.228, etc. : Od. 1.10, 74 (from that time), Od. 9.393, Od. 14.444, Od. 24.255, etc. With γε: εἰ τό γʼ ἄμεινον Il. 1.116, etc. : μὴ μητέρʼ ἅζευ τό γε (to that point) Od. 17.401, etc. c In dat. sing. fem. τῇ, in that place or spot, there : τῇ τόν γε μένον Od. 4.847. Cf. Il. 8.327, Il. 11.520, etc. : Od. 12.62, etc. Thither : τῇ γʼ ἐλθόντες Il. 6.435. Cf. Il. 15.360, etc. : Od. 8.556. So Il. 15.46. 2 The attributive article. With sb. or proper name in apposition : ἡ δʼ ἅμα τοῖσι γυνὴ κίεν Il. 1.348, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς Il. 1.409. Cf. Il. 4.20, 391, 502, Il. 5.449, etc. : Od. 1.439, Od. 2.365, Od. 3.450, Od. 4.353, Od. 5.94, etc. 3 Passing into the definite article. a The article of contrast : παῖδα δʼ ἐμοὶ λύσαιτε, τὰ δʼ ἄποινα δέχεσθαι (and on the other side accept the ransom) Il. 1.20, ἦ τῶν πλεόνων Λυκίων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο (more Lycians instead) Il. 5.673. Cf. Il. 1.340, Il. 2.217, 278, Il. 4.399, etc. Also in Od. passim. With adjectives, numerals, genitives, etc. : τῇ δεκάτῃ Il. 1.54, τὸν ἐμὸν χόλον Il. 4.42, τοὺς τέσσαρας Il. 5.271, τὴν αὐτοῦ Il. 9.342. Cf. Il. 1.6, 165, 198, Il. 6.201, 435, Il. 8.525, Il. 9.320, Il. 11.613, Il. 16.358, Il. 23.265, etc. Also in Od. passim. b The defining article: ὁ γέρων Il. 1.33, τὸν ὄνειρον Il. 2.80. Cf. Il. 1.35, 552, Il. 2.275 (conveying a hostile or contemptuous tone), 351, Il. 5.265, 308, 320, Il. 7.412, Il. 10.97, Il. 11.142, Il. 14.280, Il. 20.147, Il. 23.75, etc. Also in Od. passim.–With an infin. : τὸ φυλάσσειν Od. 20.52. 4 As relative (accented throughout; except in Il. 1.125, Il. 9.167 : Od. 4.349 = Od. 17.140 following the antecedent, and most commonly referring to a definite antecedent). a μῆνιν, ἣ μυρίʼ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκεν Il. 1.2. Cf. Il. 1.36, 72, 234, 319, 321, 336, etc. : ἔτος, τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο νέεσθαι Od. 1.17. Cf. Od. 1.23, 97, 344, 430, etc. b With τε: συσί, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν Il. 5.783. Cf. Il. 2.262, etc. : Od. 1.338, Od. 3.73, etc. c With final force. With subj. and κεν: δῶρα φερέμεν, τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ Il. 24.119. d α With fut., subj. or opt. in conditional relative sentences. For the examples and constructions see Table at end III.B.a 1, b (1), (D) (11) (20) (26) (32). β With subj. in a simile : ἐκ νήσου, τὴν δήϊοι ἀμφιμάχωνται Il. 18.208. (e) α In dat. sing. fem. τῇ, in or at the place or spot in which, in or at which place or spot, where : τῇ ἔμελλε διεξίμεναι Il. 6.393. Cf. Il. 11.499, Il. 23.775, etc. : Od. 4.565, Od. 5.442, etc. In which way or manner, as : τῇ περ δὴ καὶ ἔπειτα τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν Od. 8.510. To the place or spot in which, to where : εἴ κε φεύγω τῇ περ κλονέονται Il. 21.554. β In acc. sing. neut. τό, wherefore : τὸ καὶ κλαίουσα τέτηκα Il. 3.176, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν Il. 7.239. Cf. Il. 12.9, Il. 17.404, etc. : Od. 8.332.
ὅς2 ἥ, ὅ. Genit. masc. ὅου Od. 1.70. Fem. ἕης Il. 16.208. Neut. ὅου Il. 2.325. Dat. pl. fem. ᾗς Il. 2.341, etc. ᾗσι Il. 5.54, etc. : Od. 6.272, etc. I Demonstrative pronoun, he, etc. οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν Il. 2.703. Cf. Il. 6.59, Il. 21.198, etc. : Od. 4.389, 653. Of the second person Il. 7.160. II As relative. 1 a ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας Il. 1.37, ᾧ ἔπι πολλὰ μόγησα 162, ἄντυγες αἳ περὶ δίφρον [ἦσαν] Il. 11.535. Cf. Il. 1.94, 289, 603, 604, Il. 2.73, etc. : Od. 1.1, 54, 69, 108, 161, 191, etc. b With τε: οἵ τε θέμιστας εἰρύαται Il. 1.238. Cf. Il. 1.86, Il. 2.470, etc. : Od. 1.52, Od. 4.826, Od. 5.4, etc. For ὃς γάρ see γάρ 4. 2 In causal sense : τόδε μέγʼ ἄριστον ἔρεξεν, ὃς τὸν λωβητῆρʼ ἔσχʼ ἀγοράων (seeing that he has . . ., for he has . . .) Il. 2.275. Cf. Il. 5.403, Il. 8.34, Il. 12.235, Il. 16.204, Il. 22.236, etc. : Od. 1.8, Od. 4.724, Od. 9.274, Od. 10.338, Od. 12.281, Od. 18.114, etc. 3 With final force. a With subj., pure or with κεν: τιμὴν ἀποτινέμεν, ἥ τε καὶ ἐσσομένοισι μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέληται Il. 3.287, κλητοὺς ὀτρύνομεν, οἵ κʼ ἔλθωσι Il. 9.165. Cf. Il. 21.127, etc. : Od. 4.29, Od. 13.400, etc. b With opt. Od. 15.458. 4 a With subj. or opt. in relative sentences corresponding to sentences with εἰ 4. For the examples and constructions see Table at end II.B.a 2, (D) (4) (16). In conditional relative sentences. See Table III.B.a 1 2 (3), b (1) (3), C.a.5, (D) (13) (19) (20) (21) (22) (24) (26) (29) (30) (31) (32) (34) (45) (47) (54) (56) (57) (58) (62) (64). b With subj. in similes : ἀστέρʼ, ὅς τε μάλιστα λαμπρὸν παμφαίνῃσιν Il. 5.5. Cf. Il. 10.184, Il. 16.387, etc. : Od. 13.31, etc. 5 In object clauses : γνώσῃ ὅς θʼ ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ὅς τέ νυ λαῶν, ἠδʼ ὅς κʼ ἐσθλὸς ἔησιν Il. 2.365. Cf. Il. 7.171, Il. 20.21, Il. 21.609, Il. 23.498, etc. : οὐδέ τι οἶδα οἵ τʼ ἐσάωθεν οἵ τʼ ἀπόλοντο Od. 3.185. Cf. Od. 2.156, Od. 8.576, Od. 10.110, etc. 6 In dat. sing. fem. ᾗ. a In or at the place or spot in which, in or at which place or spot, where : ᾗ ῥʼ ἴδε γυμνωθέντα βραχίονα Il. 12.389. Cf. Il. 12.33, Il. 13.53, 679, Il. 15.448, 616, Il. 16.377, Il. 20.275, Il. 22.324, Il. 23.420: χῶρον, ᾗ οἱ πέφραδʼ ὑφορβόν Od. 14.2. b Whither : ὄφρʼ ἀφίκοντο, ᾗ μιν ἀνώγει Il. 13.329. Cf. Il. 6.41, Il. 21.4 : Od. 12.81. With subj. in a conditional relative sentence. See Table (III) (D) (26). c In such way or manner as, as : ᾗ τελέει περ Il. 8.415. Cf. Il. 9.310. With subj. in conditional relative sentences. See Table (III) (D) (31) (34). 7 In neut. ὅ. a Because, since, seeing that, in that : χωσαμένη ὃ . . . Il. 9.534. Cf. Il. 9.564, Il. 13.166, Il. 20.283, Il. 21.150, etc. : Od. 1.382, Od. 2.45, Od. 4.206, etc. So ὅ τε Il. 1.244, Il. 4.32, Il. 6.126, Il. 15.468, etc. : Od. 5.357, Od. 8.78, Od. 14.90, etc. b That, how : λεύσσετε τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ Il. 1.120. Cf. Il. 5.433, Il. 8.32, 362, Il. 9.493, etc. : Od. 3.146, Od. 4.771, Od. 12.295, Od. 13.340, etc. So ὅ τε Il. 1.412, Il. 5.331, Il. 8.251, Il. 16.433, etc. : Od. 8.299, Od. 14.366, etc. 8 In neut. pl. ἅ with τε, in such manner as, as : ἅ τε παρθένος ἠΐθεός τʼ ὀαρίζετον Il. 22.127. 9 In neut. ὅ with prepositions in temporal expressions. a εἰς ὅ κε with subj. α Till, until (cf. εἰς II.1.i a ) : εἰς ὅ κεν ἄστυ ἕλωμεν Il. 2.332. Cf. Il. 3.409, Il. 5.466, Il. 7.30, Il. 9.46, etc. : Od. 2.97, Od. 6.295, Od. 8.318, Od. 9.138, Od. 11.122, etc. With opt. : τεύχοιμι διαμπερές, εἰς ὅ κʼ Ἴλιον ἕλοιεν Il. 15.70. β As long as, while. With subj. in conditional relative sentences. See Table at end III.B.a 2, (D) (2). b ἐξ οὗ. α From the time when, since (cf. ἐκ (II) 12.a) : ἐξ οὗ διαστήτην (taking up the tale from the point when . . .) Il. 1.6. Cf. Il. 8.295, Il. 13.778, Il. 24.638, 766 : ἐξ οὗ ἔβη Od. 2.27. Cf. Od. 2.90, Od. 11.168, Od. 16.142, Od. 18.181, etc. β Since which time : ἐξ οὖ κενταύροισι καὶ ἀνδράσι νεῖκος ἐτύχθη Od. 21.303.
πρῶτος -η, -ον [πρόατος, superl. fr. πρό.] 1 In reference to position, the most advanced in a specified or indicated direction, the first or foremost : οἱ πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕστατοι Il. 2.281. Cf. Il. 4.480 (in the forefront of the fray), Il. 6.445, Il. 8.83, Il. 12.260 (against the face of the works), 315, 321, Il. 14.31 (next the plain), 75 (next the sea), Il. 15.634, 654 (next the plain), 656, Il. 16.394, Il. 18.579, Il. 21.90 : Od. 8.197, Od. 15.36 (the first in your course), Od. 18.379. 2 The foremost or front part of the . . ., the front of the . . . : ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ Il. 6.40, Il. 16.371. Cf. Il. 8.411 (just in front of the gate, at the entrance to it), Il. 15.340 (in the front of the fight), Il. 17.380, 471, Il. 19.50, Il. 20.173, 275 (the edge), 395, Il. 22.66 (before the house-door), Il. 24.272 : Od. 1.255 (just within the door), Od. 21.422 (the top of the . . .), Od. 22.250. 3 Absol., the winner in a contest : ἄεθλα τῷ πρώτῳ Il. 23.265. In neut. pl. τὰ πρῶτα, the first prizeIl. 23.275, 538. 4 Absol. in pl. a Those who stand or advance in or to the front of the fray, the front rank : ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι Il. 9.709. Cf. Il. 4.341, Il. 5.536, Il. 8.337, Il. 11.61, etc. b The most promnent in some sphere of activity : μετὰ πρώτοισι πονεῖτο (with the best) Il. 9.12. c The first in social rank, the leading men Od. 6.60. d Gen., the most distinguished, the first : ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀΐω ἔμμεναι Od. 8.180. Cf. Il. 15.643. 5 a Being the first to do something, first, giving a lead, showing the way, taking the initiative, doing something before another, anticipating him (cf. πρότερος 4..a) : πρῶτος κελόμην Il. 1.386, οὐδὲ σέθεν θεοὶ λελάθοντο, πρώτη δὲ Διὸς θυγάτηρ (i.e. she was the first to bethink her of you) Il. 4.128, πρώτῳ στρεφθέντι (i.e. he was the first to flee) Il. 5.40. Cf. Il. 4.343, 459, 457, Il. 5.38, Il. 6.5, Il. 10.532, Il. 13.809, Il. 16.812, Il. 20.161 (leaving his fellows the first), etc. : Od. 1.113, Od. 3.36, Od. 8.216, Od. 11.51, Od. 22.212, etc. b Sim. in oblique cases of that to which action is first directed or which is first affected in some way, first (cf. πρότερος 4..b) : τίνα πρῶτον ἐξενάριξαν; Il. 5.703, πὰρ σοὶ πρώτῳ πασάμην ἀκτήν (i.e. formed thus a tie with you first of the Greeks) Il. 21.76. Cf. Il. 5.829, Il. 10.18, Il. 13.46, Il. 17.553, etc. : Od. 2.39, Od. 4.452, Od. 6.176, Od. 7.237 (I will begin by asking you), Od. 8.462, Od. 9.14, Od. 11.235, Od. 21.304, etc. 6 In neut. sing. (τὸ) πρῶτον and pl. (τὰ) πρῶτα as adv. a In front. (i) πρῶτον ἀντιάσαντες (forming a screen to cover the retreat) Il. 15.297. (ii) ἱππῆας πρῶτα στῆσεν Il. 4.297, πρῶτα περὶ τέρμα βαλούσας (leading) Il. 23.462. b First, in the first place, first of all, to begin with (as opposed to subsequent action). (i) βουλὴν πρῶτον ἷζεν Il. 2.53, πρῶτον μίνωα τέκεν (this was the beginning of the race) Il. 13.450. Cf. Il. 3.315, Il. 6.179, Il. 11.628, Il. 14.170, Il. 23.237, etc. : Od. 2.190, Od. 4.411, Od. 8.120, Od. 12.39, Od. 13.117, Od. 16.173, Od. 24.240, etc. (ii) αὐέρυσαν πρῶτα Il. 1.459. Cf. Il. 2.73, Il. 3.330, Il. 5.458, Il. 9.32, Il. 11.244, Il. 21.343, etc. : γυρῇσίν μιν πρῶτʼ ἐπέλασσε Od. 4.500 (taken up by 502; this was the first stage of his fate), ναυσίθοον πρῶτα Ποσειδάων γείνατο (this was the beginning of the race) Od. 7.56. Cf. Od. 10.154, 519, Od. 11.158, Od. 18.192, Od. 23.131, etc. c In advbl. use corresponding α To the adjectival use 5.a, first. (i) οἱ ἓξ πρῶτον ἀκοντίσατε Od. 22.252. (ii) ἴστω Ζεὺς πρῶτα Il. 19.258 := Od. 19.303, Od. 14.158= Od. 17.155= Od. 20.230, ἦ πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο (anticipate him, begin the conversation) Od. 4.119. β To the adjectival use 5.b, first. (i) οὐρῆας πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο (they were the first to be attacked) Il. 1.50. (ii) Ὀρσίλοχον πρῶθʼ ἕλεν (he was the first man slain) Il. 8.274. Cf. Il. 11.301, Il. 16.694, Il. 23.262 : πρῶτʼ ἐς πύλον ἐλθέ (let Pylus be your first goal) Od. 1.284, δέσποιναν πρῶτα κιχήσεαι Od. 7.53, αὐτόν σε πρῶτα σάω (let your own safety be your first care) Od. 17.595. Cf. Od. 13.228, Od. 17.573. Sim. : ἔνθεν μιν ἐδέγμην πρῶτα φανεῖσθαι Od. 12.230 (i.e. he thought he should catch sight of her from that position sooner than from elsewhere). d In reference to the first doing or occurrence of something, for the first time, first. (i) ὅθι πρῶτον λιπέτην ἅλα Il. 14.284 (they did not leave it till they reached that point), πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ (newly) Il. 24.348 : Od. 10.279. Cf. Il. 14.295, Il. 16.113. (ii) ἐλθὼν τὸ πρῶτον Od. 4.159. (iii) ὅθι πρῶτʼ ἐμβασίλευεν (had his first period of kingship) Il. 2.572, οὐ νῦν πρῶτʼ ἄντʼ Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il. 20.89. Cf. Il. 16.811 : Od. 15.420. (iv) τοῖος οἷόν μιν τὰ πρῶτʼ ἐνόησα Od. 1.257. Cf. Od. 8.268. e With a temporal conjunction, when first, as soon as : ἐπὴν δὴ πρῶτα κατευνηθέντα ἴδησθε Od. 4.414. f At first, to begin with (implying a subsequent change). (i) πρῶτον ἀτίζων ἔρχεται Il. 20.166. (ii) πόντῳ πρῶτα κορύσσεται [κῦμα] Il. 4.424. Cf. Il. 4.442 : Od. 11.640. (iii) πεζὸς τὰ πρῶτʼ ἤλυθεν Il. 17.612. Cf. Il. 23.523.– g Before doing something, as a preliminary, first. (i) ἄλλην χρὴ πρῶτον ὁδὸν τελέσαι Od. 10.490. (ii) πρῶτα θεῶν εἰρώμεθα βουλάς Od. 16.402. Cf. Il. 10.344.– h In reference to preference or choice, first, before anything else : πρῶτον τοῦ πατρὸς ἑλοίμεθα νόστιμον ἦμαρ Od. 16.149.– i At once, straightway : οὕνεκά σʼ οὐ τὸ πρῶτον, ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδʼ ἀγάπησα Od. 23.214.– j Marking the time of an action or occurrence as a point of departure, a beginning, an opening of a new era. (i) ὅτε σε πρῶτον ἔπλεον ἁρπάξας (since first I . . .) Il. 3.443, ὅθι πρῶτον ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν (where he began by slaying him) Il. 5.848, ὅτε με πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ (and so brought me into all this woe) Il. 6.345, ἀλκήν μοι πρῶτον ὀνείδισας (you began it by reflecting on my valour) Il. 9.34, ὅτε πρῶτον λίπον Ἑλλάδα (when first I . . .) 447 : ὁππότε κε πρῶτον πελάσῃς νῆα Θρινακίῃ (then will come the time for prudence) Od. 11.106, ὅθι πρῶτον γενόμην (where I had my first being) Od. 14.141, ὅτε μιν πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ Od. 19.355. (ii) τὸ πρῶτον ἀάσθη (and so brought his fate upon him) Od. 4.509. (iii) ἐξ ἧς πρῶτα καὶ ἡμέας ἵκετο πένθος (first came upon us) Od. 23.224. (iv) μῆνιν ἄειδε . . . ἐξ οὗ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην (take up the tale from the point when first . . ., i.e. from the beginning of the quarrel) Il. 1.6, ᾗ τὰ πρῶτα πύλας ἐσᾶλτο (began the attack) Il. 13.679.– k Denoting fixity of determination, purpose or condition, or that something is done or brought about finally or completely, once for all. (i) ὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον Il. 15.75, ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος Il. 24.27, ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἔασας 557. Cf. Il. 1.319, Il. 19.136 : Od. 4.6, Od. 13.127, 133. (ii) ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ὑπέστην Il. 4.267, ὅππως τὸ πρῶτον τανύσῃ [ἵππους] (from the start) Il. 23.324. (iii) ὥς οἱ πρῶτα δόσαν γέρας Il. 1.276, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα δαμάσθη (let us accept that and make the best of it) Il. 19.9.– l Denoting inevitability of consequence or of the continuance of a state or condition on the doing or occurrence of something, (when) once . . ., (since) once . . ., (who) once . . . (i) εὖτʼ ἄν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες Il. 19.158. Cf. Il. 13.285 : ὅτε πρῶτον κρήτης ὄρεα νοσφισάμην (ever since . . .) Od. 19.338. Cf. Od. 3.320, Od. 10.328. (ii) ἐπεὶ δὴ τὸ πρῶτον ἐγείνατο παῖδα Od. 4.13, ἐπεὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον (and so committed myself) Od. 14.467. (iii) ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν λέλοιπεν Il. 1.235. Cf. Il. 17.427 : ἐπεί κε πρῶτα λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od. 11.221. Cf. Od. 3.183. (iv) ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται Il. 6.489. Cf. Il. 12.420 : Od. 8.553.