fight, Hom., etc.; ὑσμῖνι μ. Il. 2.863; πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μ. ib. 452, etc.; μάχην μ. X. Ages. 5.5: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, Il. 3.91, 433, 7.51, 111, 279, Od. 18.31, 39; between men and beasts, Il. 15.633, Od. 20.15; between beasts, Il. 16.824:—Constr.: c. dat. pers., fight with, i.e. against, one, ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. Il. 1.151, cf. S. Ph. 1253, etc.; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Il. 20.88, 97; ἐπί τινι 5.124, etc.; πρός τινα 17.471, but πρὸς δαίμονα against heavenʼs will, ib. 98 (in Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. or πρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις D. 4.47; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Isoc. 4.116); μ. σὺν σοί, . . θεά, with thy help, Od. 13.390; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Il. 5.575; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks, 13.700; πρός τινας μετʼ ἀλλήλων Isoc. 10.53, cf. Pl. Smp. 179a; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il. 2.366 (but κατʼ ἕνα μ. fight in single combat, Hdt. 7.104); μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaph., for him, in his defence, Il. 4.156, 8.56, X. HG 5.4.33, etc.; ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου Heraclit. 44; πάτρας ὕπερ E. Ph. 1002; Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων Pl. Mx. 239b; περὶ δαιτί Od. 2.245; but later usu. περί τινος, A. Supp. 740, Cratin. 163, Hdt. 1.95; ἀμφί τινι Il. 3.70, 91; ἀμφὶ νέκυι 16.565; εἵνεκά τινος 2.377: c. dat. instrum., τόξοισι, πελέκεσσι μ., 7.140, 15.711 ( χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι, of boxers, Od. 18.39); μ. ἀπʼ ἵππου fight from horseback, Hdt. 9.63; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Th. 7.43.
2
marshalling, line of battle, π. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc. 10.53 ; ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χωρίω τῶν π. Plb. 15.12.3 ; ἡ π. τοῦ πολέμου LXX Nu. 31.14 ; ἐν π. ἀποθνῄσκειν Phld. Mort. 29; ὡς ἐν παρατάξει Arr. Epict. 3.22.69 ; ἐκ παρατάξεως in pitched battle, Th. 5.11, D. 9.49, Aeschin. 3.88 ; ἐν ταῖς προγεγενημέναις π. in the previous battles, Plb. 1.40.1 ; μετὰ τὰν π. τὰν γενομέναν αὐτοῖς ποτὶ Πριανεῖς Schwyzer 289.105 ( Priene, ii B.C.), cf. IG 42(1).28.1 ( Epid., ii B.C.).