Scaife ATLAS

Of Herodotus's Malice. (38-40)

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg123.perseus-eng2:38-40

Refs	`{'start': {'reference': '38', 'human_reference': 'Section 38'}, 'end': {'reference': '40', 'human_reference': 'Section 40'}}`
Ancestors	`[]`
Children	`[]`

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And deriding the Greeks still further, he says, that Themistocles, who was called another Ulysses for his wisdom, was so blind that he could not foresee what was fit to be done; but that Artemisia, who was of the same city with Herodotus, without being taught by any one, but by her own consideration, said thus to Xerxes: The Greeks will not long be able to hold out against you, but you will scatter them, and they will flee to their own cities; nor is it probable, if you march your army by land to Peloponnesus, that they will sit still, or take care to fight at sea for the Athenians. But if you make haste to give them a naval battle, I fear lest your fleets receiving damage may prove also very prejudicial to your land-forces. [*] Certainly Herodotus wanted nothing but verses to make Artemisia another Sibyl, so exactly prophesying of things to come. Therefore Xerxes also delivered his sons to her to be carried to Ephesus; for he had (it seems) forgot to bring women with him from Susa, if indeed the boys wanted a train of female attendants.

But it is not our design to search into the lies of Herodotus; we only make enquiry into those which he invented to detract from the glory of others. He says: It is reported by the Athenians that Adimantus, captain of the Corinthians, when the enemies were now ready to join battle, was struck with such fear and astonishment that he fled; not thrusting his ship backward by the stern, or leisurely

retreating through those that were engaged, but openly hoisting up his sails, and turning the heads of all his vessels. And about the farther part of the Salaminian coast, he was met by a pinnace, out of which one spake thus to him: Thou indeed, Adimantus, fliest, having betrayed the Grecians; yet they overcome, and according to their desires have the better of their enemies. [*] This pinnace was certainly let down from heaven. For what should hinder him from erecting a tragical machine, who by his boasting excelled the tragedians in all other things? Adimantus then crediting him (he adds) returned to the fleet, when the business was already done. This report, says he, is believed by the Athenians; but the Corinthians deny it, and say, they were the first at the sea-fight, for which they have the testimony of all the other Greeks. Such is this man in many other places. He spreads different calumnies and accusations of different men, that he may not fail of making some one appear altogether wicked. And it has succeeded well with him in this place; for if the calumny is believed, the Corinthians — if it is not, the Athenians — are rendered infamous. But in truth the Athenians did not belie the Corinthians, but he hath belied them both. Certainly Thucydides, bringing in an Athenian ambassador contesting with a Corinthian at Sparta, and gloriously boasting of many things about the Persian war and the sea-fight at Salamis, charges not the Corinthians with any crime of treachery or leaving their station. Nor was it likely the Athenians should object any such thing against Corinth, when they saw her engraven in the third place after the Lacedaemonians and themselves on those spoils which, being taken from the barbarians, were consecrated to the Gods. And in Salamis they had permitted them to bury the dead near the city, as being men who had behaved themselves gallantly, and to write over them this elegy:

Well-watered Corinth, stranger, was our home;

Salamis, Ajax’s isle, is now our grave;

Here Medes and Persians and Phoenician ships

We fought and routed, sacred Greece to save.

And their honorary sepulchre at the Isthmus has on it this epitaph:

When Greece upon the point of danger stood,

We fell, defending her with our life-blood.
[*]

Moreover, on the offerings of Diodorus, one of the Corinthian sea-captains, reserved in the temple of Latona, there is this inscription:

Diodorus’s seamen to Latona sent

These arms, of hostile Medes the monument.

And as for Adimantus himself, against whom Herodotus frequently inveighs, — saying, that he was the only captain who went about to fly from Artemisium, and would not stay the fight, — behold in how great honor he is:

Here Adimantus rests: the same was he,

Whose counsels won for Greece the crown of liberty.

For neither is it probable, that such honor would have been shown to a coward and a traitor after his decease; nor would he have dared to give his daughters the names of Nausinica, Acrothinius, and Alexibia, and his son that of Aristeas, if he had not performed some illustrious and memorable action in that fight. Nor is it credible that Herodotus was ignorant of that which could not be unknown even to the meanest Carian, that the Corinthian women alone made that glorious and divine prayer, by which they besought the Goddess Venus to inspire their husbands with a love of fighting against the barbarians. For it was a thing divulged abroad, concerning which Simonides made an epigram to be inscribed on the brazen image set up in that temple of Venus which is said to have been founded by Medea, when she desired the Goddess, as

some affirm, to deliver her from loving her husband Jason, or, as others say, to free him from loving Thetis. The tenor of the epigram follows:

For those who, fighting on their country’s side,

Opposed th’ imperial Mede’s advancing tide,

We, votaresses, to Cythera pray’d;

Th’ indulgent power vouchsafed her timely aid,

And kept the citadel of Hellas free

From rude assaults of Persia’s archery.

These things he should rather have written and recorded, than have inserted Aminocles’s killing of his son.

After he had abundantly satisfied himself with the accusations brought against Themistocles, — of whom he says that, unknown to the other captains, he incessantly robbed and spoiled the islands, — [*] he at length openly takes away the crown of victory from the Athenians, and sets it on the head of the Aeginetans, writing thus: The Greeks having sent the first-fruits of their spoils to Delphi, asked in general of the God, whether he had a sufficient part of the booty and were contented with it. He answered, that he had enough of all the other Greeks, but not of the Aeginetans; for he expected a donary of them, as having won the greatest honor in the battle at Salamis. [*] See here how he attributes not his fictions to the Scythians, to the Persians, or to the Egyptians, as Aesop did his to the ravens and apes; but using the very person of the Pythian Apollo, he takes from Athens the chief honor of the battle at Salamis. And the second place in honor being given to Themistocles at the Isthmus by all the other captains, — every one of which attributed to himself the first degree of valor, but gave the next to Themistocles, — and the judgment not coming to a determination, when he should have reprehended the ambition of the captains, he said, that all the Greeks weighed anchor from thence

through envy, not being willing to give the chief honor of the victory to Themistocles.[*]

Tokens

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honorary	1	w	2976
sepulchre	1	w	2985
at	26	w	2987
the	76	w	2990
Isthmus	1	w	2997
has	3	w	3000
on	21	w	3002
it	23	w	3004
this	4	w	3008
epitaph	1	w	3015
When	1	w	3020
Greece	2	w	3026
upon	1	w	3030
the	77	w	3033
point	1	w	3038
of	16	w	3040
danger	1	w	3046
stood	1	w	3051
We	3	w	3054
fell	1	w	3058
defending	1	w	3068
her	15	w	3071
with	8	w	3075
our	7	w	3078
life-blood	1	w	3088
The	4	w	3092
versions	1	w	3100
of	17	w	3102
this	5	w	3106
epigram	1	w	3113
and	16	w	3116
of	18	w	3118
the	78	w	3121
last	1	w	3125
two	1	w	3128
in	66	w	3130
this	6	w	3134
chapter	1	w	3141
are	3	w	3144
taken	2	w	3149
from	6	w	3153
Burges	1	w	3159
s	205	w	3161
Greek	4	w	3166
Anthology	1	w	3175
G	9	w	3178
Moreover	1	w	3188
on	24	w	3191
the	79	w	3194
offerings	1	w	3203
of	20	w	3205
Diodorus	1	w	3213
one	6	w	3217
of	21	w	3219
the	80	w	3222
Corinthian	7	w	3232
sea-captains	1	w	3244
reserved	1	w	3253
in	70	w	3255
the	81	w	3258
temple	1	w	3264
of	22	w	3266
Latona	1	w	3272
there	1	w	3278
is	34	w	3280
this	7	w	3284
inscription	1	w	3295
Diodorus	2	w	3304
s	215	w	3306
seamen	1	w	3312
to	32	w	3314
Latona	2	w	3320
sent	1	w	3324
These	1	w	3329
arms	1	w	3333
of	23	w	3336
hostile	1	w	3343
Medes	2	w	3348
the	83	w	3351
monument	1	w	3359
And	6	w	3363
as	21	w	3365
for	10	w	3368
Adimantus	4	w	3377
himself	1	w	3384
against	3	w	3392
whom	1	w	3396
Herodotus	4	w	3405
frequently	1	w	3415
inveighs	1	w	3423
saying	1	w	3431
that	9	w	3436
he	112	w	3438
was	11	w	3441
the	84	w	3444
only	2	w	3448
captain	3	w	3455
who	6	w	3458
went	1	w	3462
about	3	w	3467
to	34	w	3469
fly	1	w	3472
from	7	w	3476
Artemisium	1	w	3486
and	17	w	3490
would	1	w	3495
not	12	w	3498
stay	1	w	3502
the	85	w	3505
fight	4	w	3510
behold	1	w	3518
in	76	w	3520
how	1	w	3523
great	1	w	3528
honor	2	w	3533
he	115	w	3535
is	37	w	3537
Here	2	w	3542
Adimantus	5	w	3551
rests	1	w	3556
the	86	w	3560
same	2	w	3564
was	12	w	3567
he	117	w	3569
Whose	1	w	3575
counsels	1	w	3583
won	1	w	3586
for	11	w	3589
Greece	3	w	3595
the	87	w	3598
crown	1	w	3603
of	24	w	3605
liberty	1	w	3612
For	2	w	3616
neither	1	w	3623
is	38	w	3625
it	27	w	3627
probable	2	w	3635
that	10	w	3640
such	3	w	3644
honor	3	w	3649
would	2	w	3654
have	4	w	3658
been	1	w	3662
shown	1	w	3667
to	35	w	3669
a	269	w	3670
coward	1	w	3676
and	18	w	3679
a	272	w	3680
traitor	1	w	3687
after	2	w	3692
his	16	w	3695
decease	1	w	3702
nor	5	w	3706
would	3	w	3711
he	120	w	3713
have	5	w	3717
dared	1	w	3722
to	37	w	3724
give	2	w	3728
his	17	w	3731
daughters	1	w	3740
the	89	w	3743
names	1	w	3748
of	25	w	3750
Nausinica	1	w	3759
Acrothinius	1	w	3771
and	19	w	3775
Alexibia	1	w	3783
and	20	w	3787
his	18	w	3790
son	2	w	3793
that	11	w	3797
of	26	w	3799
Aristeas	1	w	3807
if	9	w	3810
he	122	w	3812
had	4	w	3815
not	13	w	3818
performed	1	w	3827
some	2	w	3831
illustrious	1	w	3842
and	21	w	3845
memorable	1	w	3854
action	1	w	3860
in	79	w	3862
that	12	w	3866
fight	5	w	3871
Nor	2	w	3875
is	43	w	3877
it	29	w	3879
credible	1	w	3887
that	13	w	3891
Herodotus	5	w	3900
was	13	w	3903
ignorant	1	w	3911
of	27	w	3913
that	14	w	3917
which	5	w	3922
could	2	w	3927
not	14	w	3930
be	17	w	3932
unknown	1	w	3939
even	1	w	3943
to	38	w	3945
the	90	w	3948
meanest	1	w	3955
Carian	1	w	3961
that	15	w	3966
the	91	w	3969
Corinthian	8	w	3979
women	2	w	3984
alone	1	w	3989
made	1	w	3993
that	16	w	3997
glorious	2	w	4005
and	22	w	4008
divine	1	w	4014
prayer	1	w	4020
by	10	w	4023
which	6	w	4028
they	8	w	4032
besought	1	w	4040
the	93	w	4043
Goddess	1	w	4050
Venus	1	w	4055
to	39	w	4057
inspire	1	w	4064
their	6	w	4069
husbands	1	w	4077
with	9	w	4081
a	307	w	4082
love	1	w	4086
of	28	w	4088
fighting	1	w	4096
against	4	w	4103
the	95	w	4106
barbarians	2	w	4116
For	3	w	4120
it	31	w	4122
was	14	w	4125
a	314	w	4126
thing	6	w	4131
divulged	1	w	4139
abroad	1	w	4145
concerning	1	w	4156
which	7	w	4161
Simonides	1	w	4170
made	2	w	4174
an	71	w	4176
epigram	2	w	4183
to	40	w	4185
be	19	w	4187
inscribed	1	w	4196
on	39	w	4198
the	96	w	4201
brazen	1	w	4207
image	1	w	4212
set	1	w	4215
up	3	w	4217
in	88	w	4219
that	17	w	4223
temple	2	w	4229
of	29	w	4231
Venus	2	w	4236
which	8	w	4241
is	44	w	4243
said	2	w	4247
to	41	w	4249
have	6	w	4253
been	2	w	4257
founded	1	w	4264
by	11	w	4266
Medea	1	w	4271
when	4	w	4276
she	1	w	4279
desired	1	w	4286
the	97	w	4289
Goddess	2	w	4296
as	28	w	4299
some	3	w	4303
affirm	1	w	4309
to	42	w	4312
deliver	2	w	4319
her	18	w	4322
from	8	w	4326
loving	1	w	4332
her	19	w	4335
husband	2	w	4342
Jason	1	w	4347
or	49	w	4350
as	30	w	4353
others	2	w	4359
say	6	w	4362
to	43	w	4365
free	1	w	4369
him	7	w	4372
from	9	w	4376
loving	2	w	4382
Thetis	1	w	4388
The	7	w	4392
tenor	1	w	4397
of	30	w	4399
the	99	w	4402
epigram	3	w	4409
follows	1	w	4416
For	4	w	4420
those	4	w	4425
who	7	w	4428
fighting	2	w	4437
on	41	w	4439
their	7	w	4444
country	1	w	4451
s	293	w	4453
side	2	w	4457
Opposed	1	w	4465
th	165	w	4467
imperial	1	w	4476
Mede	4	w	4480
s	296	w	4482
advancing	1	w	4491
tide	1	w	4495
We	4	w	4498
votaresses	1	w	4509
to	44	w	4512
Cythera	1	w	4519
pray	2	w	4523
d	167	w	4525
Th	12	w	4528
indulgent	1	w	4538
power	1	w	4543
vouchsafed	1	w	4553
her	22	w	4556
timely	1	w	4562
aid	3	w	4565
And	7	w	4569
kept	1	w	4573
the	102	w	4576
citadel	1	w	4583
of	31	w	4585
Hellas	1	w	4591
free	2	w	4595
From	1	w	4599
rude	1	w	4603
assaults	1	w	4611
of	32	w	4613
Persia	3	w	4619
s	306	w	4621
archery	1	w	4628
These	2	w	4634
things	4	w	4640
he	145	w	4642
should	3	w	4648
rather	1	w	4654
have	7	w	4658
written	1	w	4665
and	25	w	4668
recorded	1	w	4676
than	1	w	4681
have	8	w	4685
inserted	1	w	4693
Aminocles	1	w	4702
s	312	w	4704
killing	1	w	4711
of	33	w	4713
his	19	w	4716
son	4	w	4719
After	1	w	4725
he	147	w	4727
had	5	w	4730
abundantly	1	w	4740
satisfied	1	w	4749
himself	2	w	4756
with	10	w	4760
the	104	w	4763
accusations	2	w	4774
brought	1	w	4781
against	5	w	4788
Themistocles	2	w	4800
of	34	w	4804
whom	2	w	4808
he	150	w	4810
says	4	w	4814
that	18	w	4818
unknown	2	w	4826
to	46	w	4828
the	105	w	4831
other	8	w	4836
captains	2	w	4844
he	153	w	4847
incessantly	1	w	4858
robbed	1	w	4864
and	26	w	4867
spoiled	1	w	4874
the	107	w	4877
islands	1	w	4884
Herod	8	w	4891
VIII	3	w	4896
112	1	w	4900
he	155	w	4903
at	43	w	4905
length	1	w	4911
openly	2	w	4917
takes	1	w	4922
away	1	w	4926
the	108	w	4929
crown	2	w	4934
of	35	w	4936
victory	1	w	4943
from	10	w	4947
the	109	w	4950
Athenians	7	w	4959
and	28	w	4963
sets	1	w	4967
it	35	w	4969
on	44	w	4971
the	111	w	4974
head	2	w	4978
of	36	w	4980
the	112	w	4983
Aeginetans	1	w	4993
writing	1	w	5001
thus	3	w	5005
The	10	w	5009
Greeks	4	w	5015
having	2	w	5021
sent	2	w	5025
the	113	w	5028
first-fruits	1	w	5040
of	37	w	5042
their	8	w	5047
spoils	2	w	5053
to	48	w	5055
Delphi	1	w	5061
asked	1	w	5067
in	104	w	5069
general	1	w	5076
of	38	w	5078
the	115	w	5081
God	4	w	5084
whether	1	w	5092
he	168	w	5094
had	6	w	5097
a	379	w	5098
sufficient	1	w	5108
part	3	w	5112
of	39	w	5114
the	117	w	5117
booty	1	w	5122
and	29	w	5125
were	5	w	5129
contented	1	w	5138
with	11	w	5142
it	39	w	5144
He	14	w	5147
answered	1	w	5155
that	19	w	5160
he	170	w	5162
had	7	w	5165
enough	1	w	5171
of	40	w	5173
all	6	w	5176
the	118	w	5179
other	9	w	5184
Greeks	5	w	5190
but	8	w	5194
not	15	w	5197
of	41	w	5199
the	120	w	5202
Aeginetans	2	w	5212
for	13	w	5216
he	174	w	5218
expected	1	w	5226
a	387	w	5227
donary	1	w	5233
of	42	w	5235
them	8	w	5239
as	34	w	5242
having	3	w	5248
won	2	w	5251
the	122	w	5254
greatest	1	w	5262
honor	4	w	5267
in	107	w	5269
the	123	w	5272
battle	3	w	5278
at	47	w	5280
Salamis	4	w	5287
Herod	9	w	5293
VIII	4	w	5298
122	1	w	5302
See	1	w	5306
here	3	w	5310
how	3	w	5313
he	179	w	5315
attributes	1	w	5325
not	16	w	5328
his	20	w	5331
fictions	1	w	5339
to	49	w	5341
the	124	w	5344
Scythians	1	w	5353
to	50	w	5356
the	125	w	5359
Persians	2	w	5367
or	56	w	5370
to	51	w	5372
the	126	w	5375
Egyptians	1	w	5384
as	35	w	5387
Aesop	1	w	5392
did	3	w	5395
his	21	w	5398
to	52	w	5400
the	127	w	5403
ravens	1	w	5409
and	30	w	5412
apes	1	w	5416
but	10	w	5420
using	1	w	5425
the	128	w	5428
very	2	w	5432
person	1	w	5438
of	43	w	5440
the	129	w	5443
Pythian	1	w	5450
Apollo	1	w	5456
he	186	w	5459
takes	2	w	5464
from	11	w	5468
Athens	1	w	5474
the	131	w	5477
chief	1	w	5482
honor	5	w	5487
of	44	w	5489
the	132	w	5492
battle	4	w	5498
at	50	w	5500
Salamis	5	w	5507
And	8	w	5511
the	133	w	5514
second	1	w	5520
place	4	w	5525
in	109	w	5527
honor	6	w	5532
being	4	w	5537
given	1	w	5542
to	53	w	5544
Themistocles	3	w	5556
at	51	w	5558
the	134	w	5561
Isthmus	2	w	5568
by	12	w	5570
all	7	w	5573
the	135	w	5576
other	10	w	5581
captains	3	w	5589
every	1	w	5596
one	8	w	5599
of	45	w	5601
which	9	w	5606
attributed	1	w	5616
to	55	w	5618
himself	3	w	5625
the	137	w	5628
first	3	w	5633
degree	1	w	5639
of	46	w	5641
valor	1	w	5646
but	12	w	5650
gave	1	w	5654
the	138	w	5657
next	1	w	5661
to	56	w	5663
Themistocles	4	w	5675
and	31	w	5680
the	139	w	5683
judgment	1	w	5691
not	17	w	5694
coming	1	w	5700
to	58	w	5702
a	419	w	5703
determination	1	w	5716
when	5	w	5721
he	200	w	5723
should	4	w	5729
have	9	w	5733
reprehended	1	w	5744
the	140	w	5747
ambition	1	w	5755
of	47	w	5757
the	141	w	5760
captains	4	w	5768
he	204	w	5771
said	3	w	5775
that	20	w	5780
all	8	w	5783
the	142	w	5786
Greeks	6	w	5792
weighed	1	w	5799
anchor	1	w	5805
from	12	w	5809
thence	1	w	5815
through	2	w	5822
envy	1	w	5826
not	18	w	5830
being	5	w	5835
willing	1	w	5842
to	59	w	5844
give	4	w	5848
the	144	w	5851
chief	2	w	5856
honor	7	w	5861
of	48	w	5863
the	145	w	5866
victory	2	w	5873
to	61	w	5875
Themistocles	5	w	5887
Herod	10	w	5893
VIII	5	w	5898
123	1	w	5902
124	1	w	5906