LSJ
edge of the lips, D.H. Comp. 14.
3
cut short, τὸν τοῦ πνεύματος τόνον D.H. Comp. 14, cf. 22:— Pass., ἀποκέκοπταί τινι ἡ φωνή Plu. Dem. 25, cf. Dsc. Eup. 1.85.
II
τῆς γλώσσης ἄκρας ἀπορραπιζούσης τὸ πνεῦμα causing the breath to vibrate, in the pronunciation of r, D.H. Comp. 14 (but v. ἀπορριπίζω).
blow away, τὴν ἀναθυμίασιν Arist. Pr. 947a20; blow out or back, v.l. in D.H. Comp. 14; cf. ἀπορραπίζω.
without sigma, ᾠδαί D.H. Comp. 14; ἄ. ᾠδή, name of a poem of Lasus without a sigma in it, Ath. 10.455c:—hence ἀσιγμοποιέω, compose such a poem, ibid.
4
ἄφωνα (sc. γράμματα, στοιχεῖα) consonants, ἄ. καὶ φωνοῦντα (fort. ἄ. φωνήεντα) E. Fr. 578.2; τοῖς ἄλλοις φωνήεσί τε καὶ ἄ. Pl. Cra. 393e; τὸ σῖγμα τῶν ἀ. ἐστί Id. Tht. 203b: but esp. of mutes, τὰ ἄφθογγα καὶ ἄ. Id. Phlb. 18c, cf. Cra. 424c; opp. ἡμίφωνα, Arist. Po. 1456b28, cf. Phld. Po. 2.16, Herc. 994.28, D.H. Comp. 14, D.T. 631.20, S.E. M. 1.102.
III
aspirate, Trypho Fr. 5, D.H. Comp. 14, A.D. Pron. 12.21, Seleuc. ap. Ath. 9.398a.
2
aspirated, Arist. Aud. 804b8, Ph. 1.29, D.T. 631.22, etc.; ἡ δασεῖα (Sc. προσῳδία) Seleuc. ap. Ath. 9.398a, A.D. Synt. 319.20; δ. τὸ θ καὶ τὸ φ καὶ τὸ χ D.H. Comp. 14. Adv. -έως, ἀναγνῶναι, ἐκφέρειν, A.D. Pron. 78.16, S.E. M. 1.59.
II
aspiration, opp. ψιλότης, Arist. Po. 1456b32, Plb. 10.47.10, Phld. Po. Herc. 994.33, D.H. Comp. 14.
separating, parting, δ. τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τοῦ σώματος Pl. Grg. 524b; δ. τοῦ σώματος its dissolution, Id. Phd. 88b, cf. Democr. 297; τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ δ. the failure to break the bridges, Th. 1.137; disbanding of troops, X. Cyr. 6.1.3; breaking up of an assembly, opp. συλλογή, Pl. Lg. 758d; δ. ἀγορῆς the time of its breaking up, Hdt. 3.104; τὴν δ. ἐποιήσαντο broke off the action, Th. 1.51; χρεῶν δ. liquidation of debts, Pl. Lg. 684d, cf. POxy. 104.20 (i A. D.), etc.; δ. γάμου divorce, Plu. Sull. 35, etc.; ἡ φθορὰ δ. οὐσίας Arist. Top. 153b31: hence abs., dissolution, opp. σύνθεσις, Id. Cael. 304b29, cf. Thphr. Ign. 37; διάκρισις καὶ δ. Pl. Phlb. 32a; opp. γένεσις, Phld. D. 3.6; resolution into elements, e.g. of words into letters, D.H. Comp. 14; dissolution of friendship, Arist. EN 1164a9, 1 165b36; of partnerships, κοινωνίαι καὶ -σεις Pl. Lg. 632b; συμμαχία καὶ δ. Arist. Pol. 1298a5.
of two quantities, common, D.H. Comp. 14, Plu. QConv. 2.737e, S.E. M. 1.100; περὶ διχρόνων, title of treatise by Hdn.Gr.
unshapely, ugly, Hdt. 6.61, S. Fr. 88.9, Pl. Sph. 228a, Agatharch. 74; of sounds, ἧττον δ. τοῦ ε̄ τὸ ο̄ D.H. Comp. 14.
ill-sounding, Phld. Po. 2.16, v.l. in D.H. Comp. 14; giving a dull sound, of metals, Plu. QConv. 2.721c; ἰσθμοῖο δ. Emp. 100.19:— in Hom., epith. of πόλεμος, Il. 2.686 (cf. Anacr. 107), al.; and of θάνατος, Il. 16.442, al. (where it should perh. be taken, = bringer of great woe ( ἄχος), cf. Apollon. Lex.), of φόνος Emp. 136.1; of ill-repute, δ. ἀνδράσιν h.Ap. 64.
IV
utterance, pronunciation, Phld. Po. 994.24, Str. 16.4.18, D.H. Comp. 14.
II
utter, Id. QPlat. 2.1010a ( Pass.), Demetr. Eloc. 15; pronounce, D.H. Comp. 14 ( Pass.).
jointed: of speech, articulate, φωνὴ ἔ. Diog.Bab.Stoic. 3.212, D.H. Comp. 14, Babr. Prooem. 1.7: Comp., Diog.Oen. 18. Adv. -ρως, λέγειν Artem. 4.19.
2
make loud and clear, raise high, τὸν ἦχον Id. Comp. 14; τὴν φωνήν, of frogs, Plu. Aet. phys. 2.912c.
euphonious, Phld. Po. 994.24, v.l. in D.H. Comp. 14, cf. Longin. 24.2; melodious, of the voice, Ath. 3.80d; εὔ. φωνητήρια ὄργανα Ph. 1.511; ἀρτηρίαν εὔ. παρασκευάζειν Dsc. 2.27; κύμβαλα LXX Ps. 150.5: neut. pl. εὔηχα as Adv., κελαδεῖν Ps.-Luc. Philopatr. 3: regul. Adv. - ήχως Thom.Mag. p.223 R.
3
euphonious, Democr. 18b, D.H. Comp. 12, Demetr. Eloc. 70; -ότατον τὸ ᾱ D.H. Comp. 14.
4
εἴδεος ἐπαμμένος possessing a certain degree of beauty, Hdt. 1.199, 8.105; τὰ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἁπάσης ταύτης τῆς ἕξεως ἐφαπτόμενα [σώματα] bodies possessing all these qualities in moderation, Pl. Lg. 728e; θηριώδους καὶ ἀλόγου μᾶλλον ἢ λογικῆς ἐφάπτεσθαι δοκεῖ φωνῆς, of the sibilant s, D.H. Comp. 14.
2
delight, coax, gratify, κόλαξ ἥδυνέ τινα λόγῳ Diph. 24; ἡ. τὴν ἀκοήν D.H. Comp. 14:— Pass., Timo 17 [791].
half-finished, δόμος ἡ. a house but half complete, i.e. childless, Il. 2.701; βίος Str. 7.3.3, cf. Luc. DMort. 27[19].1; Ὀλύμπιον Dicaearch. 1.1; ἡ. θάλαμος AP 7.627 ( Diod.); ἡ. νίκη D.H. 2.42; φωναί Id. Comp. 14; ἐνέργειαι Aret. SD 1.7; of a child, Luc. Sacr. 5; οὐδὲν ἡμιτελὲς καταλείπειν X. Cyr. 8.1.3; ἡ. ἀφιέναι D.H. Th. 9; ἡ. ἀνήρ, opp. τελείως ἀγαθός, X. Cyr. 3.3.38; ἡ. περὶ λόγους D.H. Dem. 23; ἡ. τὴν ἀρετήν Ph. 2.199. Adv. -λῶς Longin. ap. Porph. Plot. 19.
2
Subst. ἡμίφωνον, τό, a semi-vowel, as ρ ς, Arist. Po. 1456b27, Phld. Po. 2.16, D.H. Comp. 14, D.T. 631.16, etc.
III
sounding like a horn, ἦχοι D.H. Comp. 14.
clapping, striking, χειρῶν, as a sign of grief, Pl. Ax. 365a; [ σιδήρου] Ph. Bel. 71.44 (pl.); τοῦ πνεύματος D.H. Comp. 14 (v.l. for κροῦσις).
b
inter-mediate, freq. c. gen., μ. τις γέγονα χρηματιστὴς τοῦ τε πάππου καὶ τοῦ πατρός Pl. R. 330b; ψιλὸν μὲν τὸ π̄, δασὺ δὲ τὸ φ̄, μέσον δὲ ἀμφοῖν τὸ β̄ D.H. Comp. 14 (v. infr. d); ἡ τρίτη καὶ μ. τῶν εἰρημένων δυεῖν ἁρμονιῶν ib. 24; ὁ μ. χαρακτήρ ib. 21; indeterminate, Luc. Par. 28; τὰ μ. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic. 3.135, al.; of words such as τύχη, EM 626.38; ζῴδια (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val. 93.9; μ. δίαιτα Diocl. Fr. 141, cf. Sor. 1.46.
2
Adv. μέσως, πόλεώς τʼ οὐ μ. εὐδαίμονος E. Andr. 873, cf. Hec. 1113, Isoc. 9.23; καὶ μ. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Th. 2.60; μ. ἔχειν πρός or περί τι to be in the mean . . , Arist. EN 1105b28, 1119a11; θερμότερον ἢ κραυρότερον ἢ μ. ἔχον Eub. 7.1, cf. Sosip. 1.53; μ. βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Pl. Phd. 113d; μ. μεθύων Men. 226; μ. διατιθέναι in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp. 14.
liable to change: of the quantity of vowels, common, D.H. Comp. 14.
II
weak-sounding, D.H. Comp. 14.
II
utterance of the sound μ. D.T. 631.18 (pl.), D.H. Comp. 14, Praxiph. ap. Demetr. Eloc. 57 (pl.), S.E. M. 1.102.
b
use, employ, D.H. Comp. 25 ; εἰς λόγον A.D. Synt. 250.3 ; θλῖψιν, βοηθήματα, Antyll. ap. Orib. 8.6.37, 8.10.1 ( Pass.) :—freq. in Pass., to be found, used, D.H. Comp. 14, 17, A.D. Synt. 83.2, al.; π. ἐκ κοινοῦ, δεικτικῶς, ib. 123.1, Pron. 10.17.
to be more, esp. to be more than enough, superfluous, opp. ἐλλείπειν, ὑπολείπειν, Arist. EN 1106a31, Col. 799a18; τὸ πλεονάζον the excess, PRev.Laws 57.13 (iii B. C.), LXX Ex. 26.12; π. παρά c. acc., to be in excess of . . , ib. Nu. 3.46; ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία Ep.Rom. 5.20; of animals, have more than the due number of limbs, opp. κολοβὰ γίνεσθαι, Arist. GA 770b32; of visits, to be frequent, Plb. 4.3.12; of the sea, encroach, Arist. Mete. 351b6, cf. Plu. Isid. 2.366b; πάθος defined as ὁρμὴ πλεονάζουσα, Zeno Stoic. 1.50; εἰκασία ἐστὶ μεταφορὰ πλεονάζουσα simile is expanded metaphor, Demetr. Eloc. 80; τὸ σ̄ πλεονάσαν used to excess, D.H. Comp. 14: Gramm., to be redundant, Demetr.Lac. Herc. 1012.21, etc.; Ἀρίσταρχος οὐκ ἔλεγε πλεονάζειν τὸ ἄρθρον A.D. Synt. 6.2; also of letters, τὸ ε̄ πλεονάζει (in ἑ-ώρων) Id. Pron. 58.25; but π. τῷ ῑ to have an added ῑ (as in ἐμεῖο), ib. 38.20; cf. ΙΙΙ.6.
= foreg., X. Eq. 9.10, Plu. QConv. 2.713b (pl.), Poll. 1.210, v.l. in D.H. Comp. 14; σιγμοῖς καὶ π. Nicom. Harm. 6, cf. PMag.Leid.W. 1.37; of applause, Plu. Laud. 2.545c : Lat. poppysmus, of the sound made on seeing lightning, Plin. HN 28.25 (pl.); ὁ ἱερακοπρόσωπος κορκόδειλος . . τὸν θεὸν ἀσπάζεται τῷ π. PMag.Leid.W. 2.1.
carry up to, ἐς φάος ἐκ βυθίας ποτανάγαγον ἰλύος Hymn.Is. 161:— Pass., to be drawn up, πρός τι v.l. for προσαγ- in D.H. Comp. 14.
whistling or whizzing of an arrow, Il. 16.361, cf. Plu. Marc. 15, Onos. 19.3, etc.; of a scourge, Opp. H. 2.352: any whistling or piping sound, as of a shepherd, πολλῇ ῥ. Od. 9.315; πνευμάτων ῥ. Plu. Aud.poet. 2.18c; rush of wings, LXX Wi. 5.11, Ael. NA 2.26; of a stream, LXX Ez. 47.5, Ael. NA 17.17; of the sea, Hymn.Is. 150; of the noise of a falling tree, Q.S. 1.251; hissing of a serpent, A.R. 4.138, 1543; used of the sound made by filing, Arist. Aud. 802a39; of the letter ρ, Phld. Po.Herc. 994.29, D.H. Comp. 14, S.E. M. 1.102.
nose, Heraclid.Tar. ap. Gal. 12.692, Hippiatr. 21: mostly in pl., nostrils, Nic. Th. 213, Al. 117, D.H. Comp. 14, 22, Str. 7.4.8, Poll. 2.72, Horap. 2.68:— ῥώθυνες· μυκτῆρες, Hsch. ( Aeol. ?).
2
σ. τὸν ἦχον curtail, cramp, emasculate their sound, of the short vowels, D.H. Comp. 14 (as v.l. for σπανίζει).
round off, τὰ νοήματα D.H. Lys. 13:— Pass., Id. Comp. 14.
II
Pass., of colours, melt or die away into each other, Plu. Def.orac. 2.436b; of sounds, D.H. Dem. 48; -εφθαρμένα ἀλλήλοις, of π and σ in ψ, Id. Comp. 14; of qualities, Iamb. in Nic. p.81 P.
shrill piping sound, hissing, as of serpents, Arist. HA 536a6, Str. 9.3.10 (pl.); in sign of derision, X. Smp. 6.5; as a military signal, Aen. Tact. 24.17; σ. καὶ χλευασμοί Plb. 30.29.6; σ. κάλων the whistling of rigging, D.H. Comp. 16; of the sound of sibilants, ib. 14; hissing in the theatre, Plu. Cic. 13; of the cry of elephants, Arr. An. 5.17.7; singing in the ears, Dsc. 2.78.
4
σ. λέξιν lower it, make it mean, Hermog. Id. 1.6; pronounce a syllable short, opp. ἐκτείνω, D.H. Comp. 14 ( Pass.); δίχρονα συνεσταλμένα doubtful vowels when shortened, A.D. Pron. 11.19.
put in rapid motion, v.l. for ἀπορριπίζω or -ραπίζω in D.H. Comp. 14 ( Pass.).
2
litterae tenues, π κ τ, opp. φ χ θ, ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς Arist. Aud. 804b10, cf. D.H. Comp. 14, D.T. 631.21; ψιλῶς καλεῖν pronounce with a littera tenuis for an aspirate, e. g., ῥάπυς for ῥάφυς, ἀσπάραγος for ἀσφάραγος, Ath. 9.369b, cf. Eust. 81.5, Tz. H. 11.58.
II
tenuity (cf. ψιλός VI. 2), opp. δασύτης, Id. Po. 1456b32, D.H. Comp. 14.
noise (prop. of one thing striking against another, Arist. de An. 420a21; or of insects, which produce a sound, but not by the larynx, Id. HA 535a28; opp. φωνή, Id. de An. 420b29, HA 535b31, al.; ψόφος μόνον [τὸ σῖγμα] Pl. Tht. 203b, cf. Lg. 669d, Aristox. ap. D.H. Comp. 14); first in h.Merc. 285, ἄτερ ψόφου; γλώσσης ψ. E. HF 229; φιλημάτων S. Fr. 537; ψόφοι ἀνέμων Pl. R. 397a; of rolling stones, X. An. 4.2.4; of footsteps, ψόφῳ τῷ ἐκ τοῦ προσιέναι αὐτοὺς ἀντιπαταγοῦντος τοῦ ἀνέμου Th. 3.22, cf. Hdt. 7.218; of knocking at a door, Ar. Ra. 604 (lyr.), Pl. Smp. 212c; cf. ψοφέω II; crash of a falling building, Th. 4.115; also of musical instruments, λωτοῦ, κιθάρας, E. Ba. 687, Cyc. 443; of a trumpet, Paus. 2.21.3.