In Hippocratis De natura hominis
(1.13)
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0057.tlg085.1st1K-grc1:1.13
| Refs | {'start': {'reference': '1.13', 'human_reference': 'Book 1 Chapter 13'}} |
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| Ancestors | [{'reference': '1'}] |
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| Children | [] |
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Ἀνάγκη τοίνυν τῆς φύσιος τοιαύτης ὑπαρχούσης καὶ τῶν
ἄλλων ἁπάντων καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, μὴ ἓν εἶναι τὸν
ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλ ἕκαστον τῶν ξυμβαλλομένων εἰς τὴν
γένεσιν, ἔχειν τινὰ δύναμιν ἐν τῷ σώματι, οἵηνπερ
ξυνεβάλετο.
51
9
Προειρηκὼς ὁ Ἱπποκράτης, εἰ μὴ τὸ θερμὸν τῷ ψυχρῷ καὶ τὸ ξηρὸν τῷ ὑγρῷ μετρίως κραθείη, τὰς γενέσεις τῶν γεννητῶν 108
δηλονότι σωμάτων ἀδύνατον εἶναι γενέσθαι· νῦν δὴ σαφῶς οὐκ ἀνθρώπου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων ὅσα γένεσιν ἔχει καὶ φθορὰν σωμάτων ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν εἶναι τὴν γένεσίν φησιν. ἐκ θερμοῦ γὰρ καὶ ψυχροῦ καὶ ξηροῦ καὶ ὑγροῦ πάντα γέγονε καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κοινὰ πάντων εἶναι ταῦτα στοιχεῖα. τὰ δὲ ἴδια τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου φύσεως, αἷμα καὶ φλέγμα καὶ χολὴ ξανθή τε καὶ μέλαινα. καίτοι γ οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἴδια καλῶς ἂν λέγοιτο, κοινὰ γάρ ἐστιν ἁπάντων τῶν ἐναίμων ζώων. εὔδηλον δ ὅτι καὶ τούτων ἕκαστα ἐκ τῶν πρώτων τεττάρων γέγονεν, ἅπερ ἀπὸ τῶν ποιοτήτων ὀνομάζοντες, ὑγρὸν καὶ ξηρὸν καὶ ψυχρὸν καὶ θερμὸν λέγομεν. ἴδια δὲ τῆς οὐσίας αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὀνόματα πῦρ, ἢ ὕδωρ, ἢ ἀὴρ, ἢ γῆ. πρόδηλον γὰρ ὅτι τὰ στοιχεῖα κατὰ τὰς ἁπλᾶς καὶ ἀμίκτους ποιότητας καλεῖται, θερμότητος μὲν ἄκρας ὑπαρχούσης ἐν πυρὶ, καθάπερ γε καὶ ὑγρότητος ἐν ἀέρι, ψυχρότητος δὲ ἐν ὕδατι, ξηρότητος 52
δὲ ἄκρας, ἅμα πιλήσει τε καὶ ψύξει κατὰ τὴν γῆν. πῶς οὖν οἴονταί τινες ὑγρὸν μὲν καὶ ξηρὸν καὶ ψυχρὸν καὶ θερμὸν Ἱπποκράτει τίθεσθαι τὰ στοιχεῖα; φαίνεσθαι γὰρ ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ ταῦτα, πῦρ δὲ καὶ ὕδωρ, ἀέρα τε καὶ γῆν μὴ προσίεσθαι, διότι μηδὲ φαίνεταί τι τούτων ἐν ἀνθρώπου σώματι. μὴ παρακολουθοῦντες μὴν, ὅτι τὰ φαινόμενα περὶ τὸ σῶμα μέν ἐστι τὰ φαινόμενα, καθάπερ τὸ σῶμα, θερμὰ καὶ ψυχρὰ καὶ ξηρὰ καὶ ὑγρά. τίς αὖ ταῦτα τολμήσειε φάναι κοινὰ στοιχεῖα πάντων εἶναι σωμάτων; οὐδεὶς δήπου τῶν καὶ βραδυτάτων, εἰρηκότος τοῦ Ἱπποκράτους, ἀνάγκη τοίνυν τῆς φύσιος τοιαύτης ἐούσης καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, μὴ τὰ βλεπόμενα κατὰ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου θερμὰ καὶ ψυχρὰ καὶ ξηρὰ καὶ ὑγρὰ, λέγειν αὐτὸν οἴεσθαι νῦν, ἀλλὰ τὰ τέτταρα στοιχεῖα. ταῦτα γὰρ ἄκρας ἔχει καὶ ἀμίκτους ποιότητας, ἐξ ὦν ἀλλήλαις κεραννυμένων τὰ μεταξὺ σώματα πάντα γίγνεται, κατ ἐπικράτειαν οὐ κυρίως ὀνομαζόμενα θερμὰ καὶ ψυχρὰ καὶ ξηρὰ καὶ ὑγρά. ὡς εἴ γε ταῦτα τὰ ἤδη κεκραμένα 53
στοιχεῖα θησόμεθα, τὰ τὰς ἄκρας ἔχοντα ποιότητας, οὐκ οἶδ ὅ τι φήσομεν εἶναι. καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐχομένην δὲ ῥῆσιν ἐναργέστερον ἔτι τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γνώμην ἐνδείκνυται. πρὸς ἣν ἤδη μεταβῶμεν.
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w |
1539 |
| ὑγρὰ |
1 |
w |
1543 |
| λέγειν |
1 |
w |
1550 |
| αὐτὸν |
1 |
w |
1555 |
| οἴεσθαι |
1 |
w |
1562 |
| νῦν |
2 |
w |
1565 |
| ἀλλὰ |
2 |
w |
1570 |
| τὰ |
12 |
w |
1572 |
| τέτταρα |
1 |
w |
1579 |
| στοιχεῖα |
5 |
w |
1587 |
| ταῦτα |
5 |
w |
1593 |
| γὰρ |
4 |
w |
1596 |
| ἄκρας |
3 |
w |
1601 |
| ἔχει |
3 |
w |
1605 |
| καὶ |
34 |
w |
1608 |
| ἀμίκτους |
2 |
w |
1616 |
| ποιότητας |
2 |
w |
1625 |
| ἐξ |
1 |
w |
1628 |
| ὦν |
1 |
w |
1630 |
| ἀλλήλαις |
1 |
w |
1638 |
| κεραννυμένων |
1 |
w |
1650 |
| τὰ |
13 |
w |
1652 |
| μεταξὺ |
1 |
w |
1658 |
| σώματα |
1 |
w |
1664 |
| πάντα |
2 |
w |
1669 |
| γίγνεται |
1 |
w |
1677 |
| κατ |
4 |
w |
1681 |
| ἐπικράτειαν |
1 |
w |
1692 |
| οὐ |
5 |
w |
1694 |
| κυρίως |
1 |
w |
1700 |
| ὀνομαζόμενα |
1 |
w |
1711 |
| θερμὰ |
3 |
w |
1716 |
| καὶ |
35 |
w |
1719 |
| ψυχρὰ |
3 |
w |
1724 |
| καὶ |
36 |
w |
1727 |
| ξηρὰ |
3 |
w |
1731 |
| καὶ |
37 |
w |
1734 |
| ὑγρά |
2 |
w |
1738 |
| ὡς |
1 |
w |
1741 |
| εἴ |
1 |
w |
1743 |
| γε |
6 |
w |
1745 |
| ταῦτα |
6 |
w |
1750 |
| τὰ |
14 |
w |
1752 |
| ἤδη |
1 |
w |
1755 |
| κεκραμένα |
1 |
w |
1764 |
| στοιχεῖα |
6 |
w |
1772 |
| θησόμεθα |
1 |
w |
1780 |
| τὰ |
15 |
w |
1783 |
| τὰς |
3 |
w |
1786 |
| ἄκρας |
4 |
w |
1791 |
| ἔχοντα |
1 |
w |
1797 |
| ποιότητας |
3 |
w |
1806 |
| οὐκ |
2 |
w |
1810 |
| οἶδ |
1 |
w |
1813 |
| ὅ |
5 |
w |
1814 |
| τι |
15 |
w |
1816 |
| φήσομεν |
1 |
w |
1823 |
| εἶναι |
6 |
w |
1828 |
| καὶ |
38 |
w |
1832 |
| κατὰ |
4 |
w |
1836 |
| τὴν |
4 |
w |
1839 |
| ἐχομένην |
1 |
w |
1847 |
| δὲ |
8 |
w |
1849 |
| ῥῆσιν |
1 |
w |
1854 |
| ἐναργέστερον |
1 |
w |
1866 |
| ἔτι |
1 |
w |
1869 |
| τὴν |
5 |
w |
1872 |
| ἑαυτοῦ |
1 |
w |
1878 |
| γνώμην |
1 |
w |
1884 |
| ἐνδείκνυται |
1 |
w |
1895 |
| πρὸς |
1 |
w |
1900 |
| ἣν |
1 |
w |
1902 |
| ἤδη |
2 |
w |
1905 |
| μεταβῶμεν |
1 |
w |
1914 |