Scaife ATLAS

CTS Library / Cyropaedia

Cyropaedia (1.2.5-1.2.9)

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-eng2:1.2.5-1.2.9
Refs {'start': {'reference': '1.2.5', 'human_reference': 'Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 5'}, 'end': {'reference': '1.2.9', 'human_reference': 'Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 9'}}
Ancestors [{'reference': '1'}, {'reference': '1.2'}]
Children []
prev
plain text • XML
next

Over each of these divisions there are twelve[*] officers, for the Persians are divided into twelve tribes. To have charge of the boys, such are chosen from the ranks of the elders as seem likely to make out of the boys the best men; to have charge of the youths, such are chosen from the ranks of the mature men as seem most likely on their part to develop the youths best; to preside over the mature men, those are selected who seem most likely to fit them best to execute the orders and requirements of the highest authorities[*]; and of the elders also chiefs are selected who act as overseers to see that those of this class also do their duty. And what duties are assigned to each age to perform we shall now set forth, that it may be better understood what pains the Persians take that their citizens may prove to be the very best.

The boys go to school and spend their time in[*] learning justice; and they say that they go there for this purpose, just as in our country they say that they go to learn to read and write. And their officers spend the greater part of the day in deciding cases for them. For, as a matter of course, boys also prefer charges against one another, just as men do, of theft, robbery, assault, cheating, slander, and other things that naturally come up; and when they discover any one committing any of these crimes, they punish him,

and they punish also any one whom they find accusing another falsely. And they bring one another to trial also charged with an offence for which people hate one another most but go to law least, namely, that of ingratitude; and if they know that any one is able to return a favour and fails to do so, they punish him also severely. For they think that the ungrateful are likely to be most neglectful of their duty toward their gods, their parents, their country, and their friends; for it seems that shamelessness goes hand in hand with ingratitude; and it is that, we know, which leads the way to every moral wrong.

They teach the boys self-control also; and it greatly conduces to their learning self-control that they see their elders also living temperately day by day. And they teach them likewise to obey the officers; and it greatly conduces to this also that they see their elders implicitly obeying their officers. And besides, they teach them self-restraint in eating and drinking; and it greatly conduces to this also that they see that their elders do not leave their post to satisfy their hunger until the officers dismiss them; and the same end is promoted by the fact that the boys do not eat with their mothers but with their teachers, from the time the officers so direct. Furthermore, they bring from home bread for their food, cress for a relish, and for drinking, if any one is thirsty, a cup to draw water from the river. Besides this, they learn to shoot and to throw the spear.
This, then, is what the boys do until they are sixteen or seventeen years of age, and after this they are promoted from the class of boys and enrolled among the young men.

Now the young men in their turn live as follows:[*] for ten years after they are promoted from the class of boys they pass the nights, as we said before, about the government buildings. This they do for the sake of guarding the city and of developing their powers of self-control; for this time of life, it seems, demands the most watchful care. And during the day, too, they put themselves at the disposal of the authorities, if they are needed for any service to the state. Whenever it is necessary, they all remain about the public buildings. But when the king goes out hunting, he takes out half the garrison; and this he does many times a month. Those who go must take bow and arrows and, in addition to the quiver, a sabre or bill[*] in its scabbard; they carry along also a light shield and two spears, on to throw, the other to use in case of necessity in a hand-to-hand encounter.

Over 1 w 4
each 1 w 8
of 1 w 10
these 1 w 15
divisions 1 w 24
there 1 w 29
are 1 w 32
twelve 1 w 38
Its 1 w 41
organization 1 w 53
officers 1 w 61
for 1 w 65
the 3 w 68
Persians 1 w 76
are 2 w 79
divided 1 w 86
into 1 w 90
twelve 2 w 96
tribes 1 w 102
To 1 w 105
have 1 w 109
charge 1 w 115
of 3 w 117
the 4 w 120
boys 1 w 124
such 1 w 129
are 3 w 132
chosen 1 w 138
from 1 w 142
the 5 w 145
ranks 1 w 150
of 4 w 152
the 6 w 155
elders 1 w 161
as 1 w 163
seem 1 w 167
likely 1 w 173
to 2 w 175
make 1 w 179
out 1 w 182
of 5 w 184
the 7 w 187
boys 2 w 191
the 8 w 194
best 1 w 198
men 1 w 201
to 3 w 204
have 2 w 208
charge 2 w 214
of 6 w 216
the 9 w 219
youths 1 w 225
such 2 w 230
are 4 w 233
chosen 2 w 239
from 2 w 243
the 10 w 246
ranks 2 w 251
of 7 w 253
the 11 w 256
mature 1 w 262
men 2 w 265
as 2 w 267
seem 2 w 271
most 1 w 275
likely 2 w 281
on 3 w 283
their 1 w 288
part 1 w 292
to 4 w 294
develop 1 w 301
the 13 w 304
youths 2 w 310
best 2 w 314
to 5 w 317
preside 1 w 324
over 1 w 328
the 14 w 331
mature 2 w 337
men 3 w 340
those 1 w 346
are 5 w 349
selected 1 w 357
who 1 w 360
seem 3 w 364
most 2 w 368
likely 3 w 374
to 6 w 376
fit 1 w 379
them 1 w 383
best 3 w 387
to 7 w 389
execute 1 w 396
the 16 w 399
orders 1 w 405
and 1 w 408
requirements 1 w 420
of 8 w 422
the 17 w 425
highest 1 w 432
authorities 1 w 443
I 2 w 444
e 79 w 446
a 24 w 449
Council 1 w 456
of 9 w 458
Elders 1 w 464
under 1 w 470
the 18 w 473
presidency 1 w 483
of 10 w 485
the 19 w 488
king 1 w 492
and 2 w 497
of 11 w 499
the 20 w 502
elders 2 w 508
also 1 w 512
chiefs 1 w 518
are 6 w 521
selected 2 w 529
who 2 w 532
act 1 w 535
as 3 w 537
overseers 1 w 546
to 8 w 548
see 5 w 551
that 1 w 555
those 2 w 560
of 12 w 562
this 1 w 566
class 1 w 571
also 2 w 575
do 1 w 577
their 2 w 582
duty 1 w 586
And 1 w 590
what 1 w 594
duties 1 w 600
are 7 w 603
assigned 1 w 611
to 9 w 613
each 2 w 617
age 1 w 620
to 10 w 622
perform 1 w 629
we 3 w 631
shall 1 w 636
now 1 w 639
set 1 w 642
forth 1 w 647
that 2 w 652
it 3 w 654
may 1 w 657
be 5 w 659
better 1 w 665
understood 1 w 675
what 2 w 679
pains 1 w 684
the 22 w 687
Persians 2 w 695
take 1 w 699
that 3 w 703
their 3 w 708
citizens 1 w 716
may 2 w 719
prove 1 w 724
to 12 w 726
be 7 w 728
the 24 w 731
very 1 w 735
best 4 w 739
The 1 w 743
boys 3 w 747
go 1 w 749
to 13 w 751
school 1 w 757
and 3 w 760
spend 1 w 765
their 4 w 770
time 1 w 774
in 4 w 776
Its 2 w 779
method 1 w 785
and 4 w 788
curriculum 1 w 798
A 2 w 800
Boys 1 w 805
learning 1 w 813
justice 1 w 820
and 5 w 824
they 1 w 828
say 1 w 831
that 4 w 835
they 2 w 839
go 2 w 841
there 2 w 846
for 4 w 849
this 2 w 853
purpose 1 w 860
just 2 w 865
as 6 w 867
in 6 w 869
our 1 w 872
country 1 w 879
they 3 w 883
say 2 w 886
that 5 w 890
they 4 w 894
go 3 w 896
to 14 w 898
learn 2 w 903
to 15 w 905
read 1 w 909
and 6 w 912
write 1 w 917
And 2 w 921
their 5 w 926
officers 2 w 934
spend 2 w 939
the 32 w 942
greater 1 w 949
part 2 w 953
of 14 w 955
the 33 w 958
day 1 w 961
in 7 w 963
deciding 1 w 971
cases 1 w 976
for 5 w 979
them 2 w 983
For 1 w 987
as 8 w 990
a 64 w 991
matter 1 w 997
of 15 w 999
course 1 w 1005
boys 4 w 1010
also 3 w 1014
prefer 1 w 1020
charges 1 w 1027
against 1 w 1034
one 1 w 1037
another 1 w 1044
just 3 w 1049
as 9 w 1051
men 5 w 1054
do 2 w 1056
of 16 w 1059
theft 1 w 1064
robbery 1 w 1072
assault 1 w 1080
cheating 1 w 1089
slander 1 w 1097
and 8 w 1101
other 2 w 1106
things 1 w 1112
that 6 w 1116
naturally 1 w 1125
come 1 w 1129
up 1 w 1131
and 9 w 1135
when 1 w 1139
they 5 w 1143
discover 1 w 1151
any 1 w 1154
one 2 w 1157
committing 1 w 1167
any 2 w 1170
of 17 w 1172
these 2 w 1177
crimes 1 w 1183
they 6 w 1188
punish 1 w 1194
him 1 w 1197
and 10 w 1201
they 7 w 1205
punish 2 w 1211
also 4 w 1215
any 3 w 1218
one 3 w 1221
whom 1 w 1225
they 8 w 1229
find 1 w 1233
accusing 1 w 1241
another 2 w 1248
falsely 1 w 1255
And 3 w 1259
they 9 w 1263
bring 1 w 1268
one 4 w 1271
another 3 w 1278
to 16 w 1280
trial 1 w 1285
also 5 w 1289
charged 1 w 1296
with 1 w 1300
an 22 w 1302
offence 1 w 1309
for 6 w 1312
which 1 w 1317
people 1 w 1323
hate 1 w 1327
one 5 w 1330
another 4 w 1337
most 3 w 1341
but 1 w 1344
go 4 w 1346
to 17 w 1348
law 1 w 1351
least 1 w 1356
namely 1 w 1363
that 7 w 1368
of 19 w 1370
ingratitude 1 w 1381
and 11 w 1385
if 1 w 1387
they 10 w 1391
know 1 w 1395
that 8 w 1399
any 4 w 1402
one 6 w 1405
is 7 w 1407
able 1 w 1411
to 18 w 1413
return 1 w 1419
a 105 w 1420
favour 1 w 1426
and 12 w 1429
fails 1 w 1434
to 19 w 1436
do 3 w 1438
so 6 w 1440
they 11 w 1445
punish 3 w 1451
him 2 w 1454
also 6 w 1458
severely 1 w 1466
For 2 w 1470
they 12 w 1474
think 1 w 1479
that 9 w 1483
the 50 w 1486
ungrateful 1 w 1496
are 8 w 1499
likely 4 w 1505
to 20 w 1507
be 10 w 1509
most 4 w 1513
neglectful 1 w 1523
of 20 w 1525
their 6 w 1530
duty 2 w 1534
toward 1 w 1540
their 7 w 1545
gods 1 w 1549
their 8 w 1555
parents 1 w 1562
their 9 w 1568
country 2 w 1575
and 13 w 1579
their 10 w 1584
friends 1 w 1591
for 7 w 1595
it 9 w 1597
seems 1 w 1602
that 10 w 1606
shamelessness 1 w 1619
goes 1 w 1623
hand 1 w 1627
in 18 w 1629
hand 2 w 1633
with 2 w 1637
ingratitude 2 w 1648
and 16 w 1652
it 12 w 1654
is 9 w 1656
that 11 w 1660
we 4 w 1663
know 2 w 1667
which 2 w 1673
leads 1 w 1678
the 56 w 1681
way 1 w 1684
to 22 w 1686
every 1 w 1691
moral 1 w 1696
wrong 1 w 1701
They 1 w 1706
teach 1 w 1711
the 57 w 1714
boys 5 w 1718
self-control 1 w 1730
also 7 w 1734
and 17 w 1738
it 13 w 1740
greatly 1 w 1747
conduces 1 w 1755
to 23 w 1757
their 11 w 1762
learning 2 w 1770
self-control 2 w 1782
that 12 w 1786
they 13 w 1790
see 7 w 1793
their 12 w 1798
elders 3 w 1804
also 8 w 1808
living 1 w 1814
temperately 1 w 1825
day 2 w 1828
by 1 w 1830
day 3 w 1833
And 4 w 1837
they 14 w 1841
teach 2 w 1846
them 3 w 1850
likewise 1 w 1858
to 24 w 1860
obey 1 w 1864
the 63 w 1867
officers 3 w 1875
and 18 w 1879
it 14 w 1881
greatly 2 w 1888
conduces 2 w 1896
to 25 w 1898
this 3 w 1902
also 9 w 1906
that 13 w 1910
they 15 w 1914
see 8 w 1917
their 13 w 1922
elders 4 w 1928
implicitly 1 w 1938
obeying 1 w 1945
their 14 w 1950
officers 4 w 1958
And 5 w 1962
besides 1 w 1969
they 16 w 1974
teach 3 w 1979
them 4 w 1983
self-restraint 1 w 1997
in 24 w 1999
eating 2 w 2005
and 19 w 2008
drinking 1 w 2016
and 20 w 2020
it 16 w 2022
greatly 3 w 2029
conduces 3 w 2037
to 26 w 2039
this 4 w 2043
also 10 w 2047
that 14 w 2051
they 17 w 2055
see 9 w 2058
that 15 w 2062
their 15 w 2067
elders 5 w 2073
do 4 w 2075
not 5 w 2078
leave 1 w 2083
their 16 w 2088
post 1 w 2092
to 27 w 2094
satisfy 1 w 2101
their 17 w 2106
hunger 1 w 2112
until 1 w 2117
the 73 w 2120
officers 5 w 2128
dismiss 1 w 2135
them 5 w 2139
and 21 w 2143
the 75 w 2146
same 1 w 2150
end 4 w 2153
is 16 w 2155
promoted 1 w 2163
by 2 w 2165
the 76 w 2168
fact 1 w 2172
that 16 w 2176
the 77 w 2179
boys 6 w 2183
do 5 w 2185
not 6 w 2188
eat 7 w 2191
with 3 w 2195
their 18 w 2200
mothers 1 w 2207
but 2 w 2210
with 4 w 2214
their 19 w 2219
teachers 1 w 2227
from 3 w 2232
the 81 w 2235
time 2 w 2239
the 82 w 2242
officers 6 w 2250
so 12 w 2252
direct 1 w 2258
Furthermore 1 w 2270
they 18 w 2275
bring 2 w 2280
from 4 w 2284
home 1 w 2288
bread 1 w 2293
for 8 w 2296
their 20 w 2301
food 1 w 2305
cress 1 w 2311
for 9 w 2314
a 159 w 2315
relish 1 w 2321
and 22 w 2325
for 10 w 2328
drinking 2 w 2336
if 2 w 2339
any 5 w 2342
one 7 w 2345
is 18 w 2347
thirsty 1 w 2354
a 162 w 2356
cup 1 w 2359
to 28 w 2361
draw 1 w 2365
water 1 w 2370
from 5 w 2374
the 86 w 2377
river 1 w 2382
Besides 1 w 2390
this 5 w 2394
they 19 w 2399
learn 4 w 2404
to 29 w 2406
shoot 1 w 2411
and 23 w 2414
to 30 w 2416
throw 1 w 2421
the 88 w 2424
spear 1 w 2429
This 1 w 2434
then 1 w 2439
is 21 w 2442
what 3 w 2446
the 90 w 2449
boys 7 w 2453
do 6 w 2455
until 2 w 2460
they 20 w 2464
are 10 w 2467
sixteen 1 w 2474
or 18 w 2476
seventeen 1 w 2485
years 1 w 2490
of 25 w 2492
age 2 w 2495
and 24 w 2499
after 1 w 2504
this 6 w 2508
they 21 w 2512
are 11 w 2515
promoted 2 w 2523
from 6 w 2527
the 93 w 2530
class 2 w 2535
of 26 w 2537
boys 8 w 2541
and 25 w 2544
enrolled 1 w 2552
among 1 w 2557
the 94 w 2560
young 1 w 2565
men 6 w 2568
Now 1 w 2572
the 95 w 2575
young 2 w 2580
men 7 w 2583
in 31 w 2585
their 21 w 2590
turn 2 w 2594
live 1 w 2598
as 13 w 2600
follows 1 w 2607
B 3 w 2609
Youths 1 w 2616
for 11 w 2619
ten 1 w 2622
years 2 w 2627
after 2 w 2632
they 22 w 2636
are 12 w 2639
promoted 3 w 2647
from 7 w 2651
the 98 w 2654
class 3 w 2659
of 27 w 2661
boys 9 w 2665
they 23 w 2669
pass 1 w 2673
the 100 w 2676
nights 1 w 2682
as 16 w 2685
we 5 w 2687
said 1 w 2691
before 1 w 2697
about 1 w 2703
the 101 w 2706
government 1 w 2716
buildings 1 w 2725
This 2 w 2730
they 24 w 2734
do 7 w 2736
for 13 w 2739
the 103 w 2742
sake 1 w 2746
of 28 w 2748
guarding 1 w 2756
the 104 w 2759
city 1 w 2763
and 26 w 2766
of 29 w 2768
developing 1 w 2778
their 22 w 2783
powers 1 w 2789
of 30 w 2791
self-control 3 w 2803
for 14 w 2807
this 7 w 2811
time 3 w 2815
of 31 w 2817
life 1 w 2821
it 20 w 2824
seems 2 w 2829
demands 1 w 2837
the 106 w 2840
most 5 w 2844
watchful 1 w 2852
care 1 w 2856
And 6 w 2860
during 1 w 2866
the 107 w 2869
day 4 w 2872
too 2 w 2876
they 25 w 2881
put 1 w 2884
themselves 1 w 2894
at 40 w 2896
the 110 w 2899
disposal 1 w 2907
of 32 w 2909
the 111 w 2912
authorities 2 w 2923
if 4 w 2926
they 26 w 2930
are 14 w 2933
needed 1 w 2939
for 15 w 2942
any 6 w 2945
service 1 w 2952
to 32 w 2954
the 113 w 2957
state 1 w 2962
Whenever 1 w 2971
it 22 w 2973
is 26 w 2975
necessary 1 w 2984
they 27 w 2989
all 3 w 2992
remain 1 w 2998
about 2 w 3003
the 115 w 3006
public 1 w 3012
buildings 2 w 3021
But 1 w 3025
when 2 w 3029
the 116 w 3032
king 4 w 3036
goes 2 w 3040
out 7 w 3043
hunting 1 w 3050
he 125 w 3053
takes 1 w 3058
out 8 w 3061
half 1 w 3065
the 117 w 3068
garrison 1 w 3076
and 28 w 3080
this 8 w 3084
he 127 w 3086
does 1 w 3090
many 1 w 3094
times 1 w 3099
a 209 w 3100
month 1 w 3105
Those 1 w 3111
who 4 w 3114
go 9 w 3116
must 1 w 3120
take 3 w 3124
bow 1 w 3127
and 29 w 3130
arrows 1 w 3136
and 30 w 3139
in 40 w 3142
addition 1 w 3150
to 33 w 3152
the 118 w 3155
quiver 1 w 3161
a 215 w 3163
sabre 1 w 3168
or 25 w 3170
bill 1 w 3174
The 3 w 3177
oriental 1 w 3185
bill 2 w 3189
was 1 w 3192
a 219 w 3193
tool 1 w 3197
or 27 w 3199
weapon 1 w 3205
with 5 w 3209
a 221 w 3210
curved 1 w 3216
blade 1 w 3221
shorter 1 w 3229
than 1 w 3233
a 224 w 3234
sabre 2 w 3239
and 31 w 3242
corresponding 1 w 3255
very 3 w 3259
closely 1 w 3266
to 35 w 3268
the 119 w 3271
Spanish-American 1 w 3287
machete 1 w 3294
in 42 w 3297
its 1 w 3300
scabbard 1 w 3308
they 28 w 3313
carry 1 w 3318
along 1 w 3323
also 11 w 3327
a 235 w 3328
light 1 w 3333
shield 1 w 3339
and 32 w 3342
two 1 w 3345
spears 1 w 3351
on 25 w 3354
to 36 w 3356
throw 2 w 3361
the 121 w 3365
other 7 w 3370
to 37 w 3372
use 1 w 3375
in 43 w 3377
case 2 w 3381
of 33 w 3383
necessity 1 w 3392
in 44 w 3394
a 239 w 3395
hand-to-hand 1 w 3407
encounter 1 w 3416