force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δʼ ἐπικείσετʼ ἀ. Il. 6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib. 85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδειν Od. 1.154; φεύγειν Il. 11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od. 4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl. Phdr. 231a; ὑπʼ ἀναγκαίης Hdt. 7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S. Ph. 73, Th. 3.40, etc.; διʼ ἀνάγκης Pl. Ti. 47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi. P. 1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A. Pers. 569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict. Ench. 29.2; κατʼ ἀνάγκην X. Cyr. 4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that . . , is necessary that . . , cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt. 2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib. 35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A. Pr. 16, cf. Pers. 293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γʼ ἀνάγκη, πολλήʼ στʼ ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μʼ ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E. Med. 1013, Hec. 396, S. Tr. 295; so πᾶσʼ ἀνάγκη El. 1497, cf. Pl. R. 441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib. 485e, Is. 3.6, D. 28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys. 6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18.
oath or affidavit made by the prosecutor, Pl. Ap. 19b, Lys. 23.13; also, by the defendant, Is. 3.6, cf. Harp. s.v., Poll. 8.55.
false witness, D. 41.16 codd.; ψευδομαρτυρίαν καταγνῶναί τινος Is. 12.6 codd.: ἐν ψευδομαρτυρίαις D. 57.53 codd.: but mostly in gen. pl., ψευδομαρτυριῶν διάκρισις Pl. Lg. 937b; -ιῶν δίκη Is. 3.6; κρίσεις Arist. Pol. 1263b21; -ιῶν ἑλεῖν τινα to convict, and ἁλῶναι to be convicted, of perjury, Is. 5.15, And. 1.7, Lys. 10.25, Aeschin. 1.85; ὀφλεῖν And. 1.74; -ιῶν ἐπισκήψασθαί τινι make allegation of perjury against one, D. 29.7; etc. (This form is perh. always corrupt in codd. of classical authors; -ίων (gen. pl. neut., cf. sq. [ψευδομαρτυρίου]) shd. prob. be read for -ιῶν, and may be restored for -ίαν in D. 41.16, Is. 12.6; so -ίοις for -ίαις in D. 57.53: των ψευδομαρτυριων is unaccented in Pap. of Hyp. Phil. 12: ψευδομαρτυρια[ν is an uncertain restoration in IG 5(2).357.3 ( Stymphalus, iii B.C.); but the fem. form existed later, Ev.Matt. 15.19, 26.59.)