ἄρα ἄρ Also in lighter (and enclitic) form ῥα. 1 Expressing consequence or sequence a ἄρα (ἄρ): ἔκλαγξαν δʼ ἄρʼ ὀϊστοί Il. 1.46, διὰ μὲν ἂρ ζωστῆρος ἐλήλατο Il. 4.135. Cf. Il. 1.68, 148, 292, 308, 465, etc.: οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες θαύμαζον Od. 1.381. Cf. Od. 1.106, 319, 335, 428, Od. 2.2, etc. b ῥα: καί ῥα καθέζετο Il. 1.360. Cf. Il. 1.569, Il. 2.1, 48, 211, etc.: βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν Od. 1.441. Cf. Od. 1.127, 333, Od. 2.148, 321, etc. 2 Expressing explanation, indicating a reason or cause (generally ἄρα, but sometimes ῥα): πάντες ἄρʼ οἵ γʼ ἔθελον πολεμίζειν Il. 7.169, νήπιος, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε . . . Il. 12.113. Cf. Il. 8.163, 558, Il. 10.46, Il. 13.191, Il. 16.203, Il. 23.670, etc.: φῆ ῥʼ ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν Od. 4.504, ὣς ἄρα πυκνοὶ ἔφυν Od. 5.480. Cf. Od. 7.301, Od. 8.58, Od. 15.468, Od. 19.442, etc. So ἐπεὶ ἄρα Il. 5.686, Il. 9.316, etc.: Od. 1.231, Od. 23.258, etc.– ἐπεί ῥα Il. 11.498, Il. 16.206, etc.: Od. 1.263, etc.– οὕνεκʼ ἄρα Il. 7.140, etc.: Od. 8.480, etc.– τοὔνεκʼ ἄρα Il. 1.96: Od. 13.194.– γάρ ῥα Il. 1.113, 236, Il. 11.74, Il. 17.403, etc.: Od. 3.143, Od. 4.366, Od. 5.321, etc. 3 Amplifying, adding a circumstance. a ἄρα: οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε . . . Il. 10.336, ὣς ἄρα . . . Il. 12.135. Cf. Il. 2.482, Il. 6.323, Il. 9.666, Il. 11.65, Il. 14.18, Il. 20.269, etc.: πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔην καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀνήρ Od. 3.267. Cf. Od. 10.26, Od. 14.421, Od. 15.374, Od. 18.293, Od. 23.29, etc. b ῥα: τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν Il. 4.459, etc.: καί ῥʼ οὐχ ὑλαοντο Od. 16.162, etc. 4 Summing up or resuming. ἄρα: οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες ἦσαν Il. 2.760, τοὺς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἕλεν Il. 11.304, etc. Sim. in enumerations Il. 2.546, 584, 615, etc. 5 Calling attention to something: ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν ἀπάτησεν Il. 19.96, Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος Il. 24.456. 6 In relative sentences, sometimes giving a certain emphasis (mark you! note this ! or the like), sometimes not appreciably affecting the sense. a ἄρα: ἐπεὶ ἄρα . . . Il. 6.426, ἣν ἄρα μοι γέρας ἔξελον Il. 16.56. Cf. Il. 8.177, Il. 12.295, Il. 14.444, Il. 23.125, etc.: οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς . . . Od. 16.422. Cf. Od. 19.55, 62, etc. b ῥα: ἅ ῥʼ οὐ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον Il. 2.36, ὅτε δή ῥα . . . Il. 16.386. Cf. Il. 1.430, Il. 2.21, Il. 3.61, Il. 5.70, Il. 11.499, etc.: τόν ῥʼ ἔκτανʼ Ὀρέστης Od. 1.30. Cf. Od. 1.126, Od. 2.9, Od. 4.460, Od. 7.71, Od. 16.50, etc. Sim. in a clause introduced by ὅ, ὅ τε, ὅττι, οὕνεκα or ὡς. a ἄρα: ὡς εἴδονθʼ ὅ τʼ ἄρα . . . Il. 8.251: μυθήσομαι ὡς ἄρα . . . Od. 8.498, ἐκφάσθαι οὕνεκʼ ἄρα . . . Od. 13.309. b ῥα: οὐδέ τι ᾔδη ὅττι ῥα . . . Il. 13.675, γνῶ ἔργα θεῶν, ὅ ῥα . . . Il. 16.120, etc.: ὅττι ῥά οἱ τέρας ἧκεν Od. 21.415, γνωτὸν ἦν ὅ ῥα . . . Od. 24.182, etc. 7 In the first of two related clauses. a ἄρα: εἴτʼ ἄρα . . . εἴτε . . . Il. 1.65, οὔτʼ ἄρα . . . οὔτε . . . 93. Cf. Il. 1.115, Il. 5.333, Il. 12.53, Il. 15.72, Il. 21.62, Il. 23.632, etc.: οἱ μὲν ἄρα . . . οἱ δὲ . . . Od. 1.110. Cf. Od. 4.566, Od. 11.535, Od. 13.207, Od. 14.166, Od. 23.174, etc. b ῥα: τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὁ δέ . . . Il. 8.119, εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐθέλεις . . . ἔστι . . . Il. 14.337. Cf. Il. 4.15, Il. 8.487, Il. 11.442, Il. 15.53, etc.: οἱ μέν ῥʼ εὔχοντο . . . ὁ δὲ . . . Od. 13.185. Cf. Od. 4.632, Od. 6.120, Od. 21.398, etc. In the second. α ἄρα: ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δʼ ἄρα . . . Il. 2.621, οὐδὲ . . . ἀλλʼ ἄρα . . . Il. 6.418, οὔτε . . . οὔτʼ ἄρα . . . Il. 20.8, etc.: ἄλλοι μὲν . . . τὸν δʼ ἄρα . . . Od. 5.111, οὔ πω . . . ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρα . . . Od. 22.237, etc. β ῥα Il. 11.419, Il. 18.163: Od. 20.16. In both ἄρα: οὔτʼ ἂρ νῦν . . . οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὀπίσσω Il. 6.352. Cf. Il. 5.89, Il. 20.205, Il. 24.337. In the second of three Od. 8.168. In the third Od. 11.124. 8 In questions, direct or indirect. a ἄρα: ἦ ἄρα δή τις . . . ; Il. 18.429. Cf. Il. 19.56, etc.: φράσαι ἤ τις ἄρʼ ἐστὶ . . . ἦ . . . Od. 22.158. Cf. Od. 18.357, etc. b ῥα: ἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο; Il. 14.190. Cf. Il. 7.446, etc.: ἦ ῥά κʼ ἅμʼ ἡμῖν ἕποιο; Od. 15.431. Cf. Od. 16.462, etc. So τʼ ἄρα (τε ἄρα) and τʼ ἄρ (τε ἄρ) (written also ταρ (enclitic)) Il. 1.8, Il. 2.761, Il. 3.226, Il. 11.656, Il. 12.409, Il. 13.307, Il. 18.6, 188, etc.: Od. 1.346, Od. 13.417, Od. 23.264, etc.
†εἰμί [ἐς-μί. Cf. L. sum, Eng. am.] (The whole of the pres. indic. except εἶς (εἴς), ἔασι may be enclitic.) 1 sing. εἰμί Il. 1.186, 516, Il. 2.26, Il. 4.58, etc.: Od. 2.286, 314, Od. 8.214, Od. 9.519, etc. 2 sing. ἐσσί Il. 1.176, 280, Il. 3.164, 172, etc.: Od. 1.175, 297, Od. 2.274, Od. 3.123, etc. εἶς (εἴς) Il. 16.515, Il. 24.407. εἰς Il. 16.538, Il. 19.217, etc.: Od. 1.170, 207, Od. 4.371, 611, etc. 3 sing. ἔστι Il. 6.267, 4.3, Il. 9.250, Il. 12.65, etc.: Od. 2.130, 310, Od. 4.193, 354, etc. ἐστί Il. 1.63, 107, 114, 169, etc.: Od. 1.50, 66, 70, 205, etc. 2 dual ἐστόν Il. 1.259, Il. 9.198, Il. 11.138, etc.: Od. 4.61. 1 pl. εἰμέν Il. 5.873, Il. 7.231, Il. 8.234, Il. 9.640, etc.: Od. 3.80, Od. 7.205, 307, Od. 8.246, etc. 2 pl. ἐστέ Il. 1.258, Il. 2.301, 485, etc.: Od. 3.71, Od. 4.63, Od. 5.118, etc. 3 pl. εἰσί Il. 1.153, 272, Il. 2.201, 227, etc.: Od. 2.29, 51, 87, 254, etc. ἔασι Il. 2.125, 131, Il. 7.73, 295, etc.: Od. 4.79, Od. 5.381, Od. 8.162, Od. 10.349, etc. Subj. ἔω Il. 1.119: Od. 9.18. 3 sing. ἔῃσι Il. 2.366: Od. 11.434, Od. 15.422, Od. 24.202. ἔῃ Il. 10.225, Il. 12.300, etc.: Od. 19.329, etc. ᾖσι Il. 19.202: Od. 8.147, 163, etc. εἴῃ (v.l. εἴη) Il. 7.340, Il. 9.245. 3 pl. ἔωσι Il. 9.140, 282, Il. 10.306: Od. 4.165, Od. 23.119. ὦσι Il. 14.274: Od. 24.491. Opt. εἴην, -ης Il. 2.260, Il. 4.189, Il. 5.24, Il. 9.57, Il. 11.670, Il. 12.345, etc.: Od. 2.74, Od. 4.205, Od. 5.209, Od. 6.244, Od. 11.360, etc. 2 pl. εἶτε Od. 21.195. 3 pl. εἶεν Il. 2.372, etc.: Od. 9.89, etc. 2 sing. ἔοις Il. 9.284. 3 sing. ἔοι Il. 9.142, etc.: Od. 17.421, etc. 3 sing. imp. ἔστω Il. 1.144, Il. 2.204, Il. 7.34, etc.: Od. 1.370, Od. 2.230, 355, etc. 2 pl. ἔστε Il. 3.280, Il. 5.529, Il. 6.112, etc. 3 pl. ἔστων Il. 1.338: Od. 1.273. Imp. in mid. form ἔσσο Od. 1.302, etc. Pple. ἐών, -όντος, ἐοῦσα, -ης, ἐόν, -όντος Il. 1.70, 131, 290, 352, 546, 587, Il. 3.159, Il. 4.426, etc.: Od. 1.22, 202, 263, 265, 431, 435, Od. 2.200, 241, etc. Also οὔσης Od. 19.489. ὄντας Od. 7.94. Infin. ἔμμεναι Il. 1.117, 287, Il. 2.129, 216, etc.: Od. 1.33, 172, 215, 217, etc. ἔμεναι Il. 3.40, Il. 5.602, Il. 8.193, etc.: Od. 1.385, Od. 14.489, etc. ἔμμεν Il. 18.364: Od. 9.455, etc. ἔμεν Il. 4.299, Il. 9.35, etc.: Od. 5.257, Od. 10.416, etc. εἶναι Il. 1.91, 228, 564, Il. 2.116, etc.: Od. 1.15, 164, 180, 187, etc. 1 sing. impf. ἦα Il. 5.808: Od. 2.313, Od. 10.156, Od. 11.620, Od. 14.212, etc. ἔα Il. 4.321, Il. 5.887: Od. 14.222, 352. ἔον Il. 11.762, Il. 23.643. 2 sing. ἔησθα Il. 22.435: Od. 16.420, Od. 23.175. ἦσθα Il. 5.898, Il. 13.228, etc.: Od. 4.31, Od. 13.314, Od. 16.199, etc. 3 sing. ἦεν Il. 2.769, Il. 3.41, 211, 215, etc.: Od. 1.18, 131, 233, Od. 2.47, etc. ἔην Il. 2.217, 219, 529, 580, etc.: Od. 2.272, Od. 3.180, 249, 267, etc. ἦν Il. 2.77, 96, 220, 313, etc.: Od. 1.177, Od. 3.401, Od. 5.239, Od. 6.82, etc. ἤην Il. 11.808: Od. 19.283, Od. 23.316, Od. 24.343. 3 dual ἤστην Il. 5.10. 1 pl. ἦμεν Il. 11.689, 692: Od. 24.171. 2 pl. ἦτε Il. 16.557. 3 pl. ἦσαν Il. 2.487, 641, 760, Il. 3.145, etc.: Od. 1.27, Od. 2.119, Od. 6.6, 86, etc. ἔσαν Il. 1.267, 321, Il. 2.311, 618, etc.: Od. 1.12, 126, Od. 2.21, 82, etc. Pa. iterative ἔσκον Il. 7.153. 3 sing. ἔσκε Il. 3.180, Il. 5.536, Il. 6.19, 153, etc.: Od. 2.59, 346, Od. 4.270, Od. 9.508, etc. Fut. ἔσσομαι, -εαι Il. 1.239, 573, Il. 2.347, Il. 4.267, Il. 6.353, Il. 10.453, etc.: Od. 1.40, 204, Od. 2.270, 273, Od. 6.33, Od. 11.137, etc. 3 sing. ἐσσεῖται Il. 2.393, Il. 13.317. ἔσομαι, ἔσεαι, ἔσεται, ἔσται, etc. Il. 1.136, 211, 546, 563, Il. 4.305, etc.: Od. 1.312, 397, Od. 2.61, Od. 3.325, Od. 16.267, etc. 2 sing. ἔσῃ Od. 19.254. Pple. ἐσσόμενος, -η, -ον Il. 1.70, Il. 2.119, Il. 3.287, etc.: Od. 3.204, Od. 8.580, Od. 11.433, etc. Infin. ἔσσεσθαι Il. 6.339, Il. 11.444, Il. 12.324, etc.: Od. 14.176, Od. 16.311. ἔσεσθαι Il. 5.644, Il. 14.56, Il. 21.533, etc.: Od. 4.108, 494, Od. 6.165, etc. (ἀπ-, ἐν-, ἐπ-, μετ-, παρ-, περι-, συν-, ὑπ-.) 1 To be, exist: ὅμαδος ἦν Il. 2.96, ἡμῖν εἴνατός ἐστιν ἐνιαυτός (has been completed, has passed) 295, οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὃς . . . (the man does not live who . . .) Il. 22.348. Cf. Il. 2.204, 641, 642, Il. 7.340, Il. 9.249, etc.: θεοὺς αἰὲν ἐόντας Od. 1.263. Cf. Od. 2.89, Od. 4.195, Od. 5.239, Od. 6.82, 210, etc. Impers.: ἔσται ὅτʼ ἂν . . . (the day will come when . . .) Il. 8.373. Absol. in fut. pple. pl., the men to come, posterity: αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι Il. 2.119, etc.: ἐλεγχείη καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι Od. 21.255, etc. Sim. in neut. pres. pple. pl., the present: τὰ ἐόντα Il. 1.70 (τὰ ἐσσόμενα in the same line being the future, and πρὸ ἐόντα the past (pple. of the impf.)). 2 Impers., to be possible: ἅς οὐκ ἔστι φυγεῖν Il. 12.327, οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν ἀσπερχὲς κεχολῶσθαι Il. 16.60. Cf. Il. 6.267, Il. 7.239, Il. 12.65, Il. 13.114, Il. 14.63, etc.: οὔ πως ἔστι δαίνυσθαι ἀκέοντα Od. 2.310, εἴ τί που ἔστιν (if it may be) Od. 4.193. Cf. Od. 2.130, Od. 5.103, Od. 9.411, Od. 11.158, Od. 15.49, etc. 3 As copula, to be: ἔχθιστός μοί ἐσσι Il. 1.176, καὶ σὲ τὸ πρὶν ἀκούομεν ὄλβιον εἶναι Il. 24.543 (infin. of the impf.). Cf. Il. 1.63, 107, 114, 153, 186, etc.: οἴκοι ἔσαν Od. 1.12. Cf. Od. 1.18, 27, 66, 70, 170, etc. Impers.: ἐμοί κε κέρδιον εἴη . . . Il. 6.410. Cf. Il. 1.169, 211, 229, etc.: Od. 2.74, 190, Od. 17.191, etc.