ἔχω [σ(ε)χ-.] Impf. εἶχον (ἔσεχον), -ες Il. 3.123, Il. 7.217, Il. 12.456, Il. 17.354, Il. 22.474, etc.: Od. 3.444, Od. 8.285, Od. 11.584, Od. 12.362, 433, etc. Without augment ἔχον, -ες Il. 1.463, Il. 2.2, Il. 9.209, Il. 18.378, Il. 21.441, etc.: Od. 1.104, Od. 3.182, Od. 4.459, Od. 6.179, Od. 22.128, etc. Pa. iterative ἔχεσκον, -ες Il. 3.219, Il. 5.126, 472, Il. 9.333, Il. 13.257, Il. 22.458: Od. 7.99. Fut. ἕξω, -εις Il. 9.609, Il. 13.51, Il. 17.232, Il. 18.274, Il. 20.27, Il. 23.833: Od. 6.281, Od. 18.73, Od. 19.494. Infin. ἑξέμεν Il. 5.473. ἕξειν Od. 15.522. Fut. σχήσω, -εις Il. 11.820, Il. 13.151, Il. 14.100, Il. 17.182, Il. 24.670: Od. 11.70, Od. 22.70, 171, 248. Infin. σχήσειν Il. 12.4, 166. 2 sing. aor. ἔσχες Od. 9.279. 3 sing. aor. ἔσχε Il. 2.275, Il. 5.300, Il. 11.848, Il. 13.520, Il. 16.740, Il. 21.58, etc.: Od. 5.451, Od. 17.291. 3 pl. ἔσχον Od. 3.454, Od. 4.352, Od. 11.24. 1 pl. subj. σχῶμεν Il. 21.309. Pple. σχών Od. 1.157, Od. 4.70, Od. 17.592. Infin. σχέμεν Il. 8.254. σχεῖν Il. 16.520, Il. 21.341, Il. 23.50. Aor. σχέθον Od. 10.95. 3 sing. ἔσχεθε Il. 12.184, Il. 13.608, Il. 16.340, Il. 20.398: Od. 4.284, Od. 16.430, Od. 21.129, Od. 22.409, Od. 24.530. σχέθε Il. 1.219, Il. 11.96, Il. 13.163, Il. 19.119: Od. 4.758, Od. 14.490, 494, Od. 23.243. 3 dual ἐσχεθέτην Il. 12.461. 3 pl. ἔσχεθον Il. 15.653, Il. 19.418: Od. 19.458. σχέθον Il. 4.113, Il. 7.277, Il. 14.428, Il. 16.506. 3 sing. imp. σχεθέτω Od. 8.537, 542. Infin. σχεθέειν Il. 23.466. Mid. 3 sing. fut. ἕξεται Il. 9.102. 2 pl. fut. σχήσεσθε Il. 13.630. Infin. σχήσεσθαι Il. 9.235, 655, Il. 12.107, 126, Il. 13.747, Il. 17.503, 639. 3 sing. aor. ἔσχετο Il. 12.294, Il. 13.368, Il. 17.696, Il. 20.262, 272, Il. 21.581, Il. 23.397: Od. 4.525, 705, Od. 12.204, Od. 17.238, Od. 19.472. σχέτο Il. 7.248, Il. 21.345. 3 pl. ἔσχοντο Il. 3.84: Od. 11.334, Od. 13.2, Od. 24.57. 3 pl. subj. σχῶνται Od. 13.151. 3 pl. opt. σχοίατο Il. 2.98. Imp. σχέο Il. 7.110, Il. 21.379. Pl. σχέσθε Il. 22.416: Od. 2.70. Pple. σχόμενος, -η Il. 12.298: Od. 1.334, Od. 6.141, Od. 11.279, Od. 16.416, Od. 18.210, Od. 21.65. Infin. σχέσθαι Od. 4.422. (ἀμπέχω, ἀν-, ἀπ-, δι-, ἐπ-, κατ-, παρ-, περι-, προ-, συν-, ὑπερ-, ὑπ-.) I Trans. 1 To hold in the hand or hands, the arms, the claws, etc.: στέμματʼ ἔχων ἐν χερσίν Il. 1.14, νεβρὸν ἔχοντʼ ὀνύχεσσιν Il. 8.248, ἔχεν ἀγκὰς ἄκοιτιν Il. 14.353. Cf. Il. 1.603, Il. 5.230, 593, Il. 6.400, Il. 13.600, Il. 24.284, etc.: Od. 1.104, Od. 4.300, Od. 5.49, Od. 13.67, Od. 15.527, Od. 21.59, Od. 23.232, etc. Absol. Il. 9.209. In mid. Il. 12.294, Il. 17.355, Il. 20.262, etc.: Od. 1.334 = Od. 16.416 = Od. 18.210 = Od. 21.65. 2 To have or keep hold of, hold: χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον (by the hand) Il. 4.154, ἔχεν ἔγχος Il. 21.72, αἵ ἑ μετὰ σφίσιν εἶχον (supported her) Il. 22.474. Cf. Il. 11.488, Il. 15.717, Il. 16.763, Il. 18.33, 536, 580, Il. 23.136, etc. 3 a To hold, maintain, keep, cause to be, in a specified position or condition: ὑψοῦ κάρη ἔχει Il. 6.509 = Il. 15.266, πεπταμένας πύλας ἔχετε Il. 21.531. Cf. Il. 11.72, Il. 12.122, Il. 13.200, etc.: ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν Od. 1.157 = Od. 4.70 = Od. 17.592, κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες (holding the palms together with nothing between them, empty-handed) Od. 10.42. Cf. Od. 6.107, Od. 14.494, Od. 22.471. b To hold ready for action in a specified or indicated direction: χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα ἀντίον ἀλλήλων Il. 5.569. Cf. Il. 23.871. 4 To hold up, support: κίονας Od. 1.53, σεῖον ζυγὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχοντες (supporting it at either end) Od. 3.486 = Od. 15.184, ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσιν Od. 9.301 (or perh., enfolds, surrounds (see 10)). Absol. Od. 3.454. 5 To hold apart: ᾗ κληῗδες ἀπʼ ὤμων αὐχένʼ ἔχουσιν Il. 22.324. Sim.: κίονας, αἳ γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχουσιν Od. 1.54. 6 To hold, occupy, inhabit (cities, houses, etc.): Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες Il. 1.18, οἵ τʼ Ἐλεῶνʼ εἶχον Il. 2.500. Cf. Il. 2.504, Il. 5.404, 710, Il. 16.68, 261, etc.: Od. 1.67, Od. 2.336, Od. 4.756, Od. 6.123, 177, Od. 10.283, Od. 24.282, etc. To occupy, lie upon: νέκυες οὖδας ἔχοντες Od. 23.46. 7 a To hold in possession, have or keep possession of, keep, retain, have: πολλὰ δʼ ἔχεσκεν Il. 9.333, ἔχουσι τεύχεα κεῖνοι Il. 18.188. Cf. Il. 1.113, Il. 5.271, Il. 19.148, Il. 24.115, etc. In pass.: ἔντεα μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται Il. 18.130. Cf. Il. 18.197. Sim.: νίκης πείρατʼ ἔχονται ἐν θεοῖσιν Il. 7.102. b To withhold from the rightful owner: ἑλὼν ἔχει γέρας Il. 1.356 = 507 = Il. 2.240. Cf. Il. 9.111, 336: Od. 15.231, Od. 21.30. 8 To detain or keep with one in hospitality: τρεῖς μιν νύκτας ἔχον Od. 17.515. To keep as an inmate of one's house Od. 20.377. 9 To compel to a course of action: χαλεπὴ ἔχε δήμου φῆμις Od. 14.239 10 To enfold, surround: τεῖχος νῆας ἐντὸς ἔχον Il. 12.8. Cf. Il. 15.653. To contain: ποτόν Od. 2.341. 11 To cover, reign over, envelop: οὐδέ ποτʼ αἴθρη κείνου ἔχει κορυφήν Od. 12.76. Cf. Od. 13.245. 12 To guard, keep safe: πόλιν Il. 5.473, Διὸς αἴσῃ, ἥ μʼ ἕξει Il. 9.609 (app. with admixture of sense to abide with; cf. (42) and αἶσα 6). Cf. Il. 22.322, Il. 24.730. To have in charge: πύλας Il. 5.749 = Il. 8.393. 13 To hold fast, secure (a gate, etc.): θύρην ἔχεν ἐπιβλής Il. 24.453. Cf. Il. 12.456. To secure (a passage) Od. 22.128. To hold together: οὐ σάρκας ἶνες ἔχουσιν Od. 11.219. 14 App., to husband or keep in reserve: εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν (husband our strength (by keeping together) in the . . .) Il. 18.274. 15 To retain (something in the mind): ἔχετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον Od. 15.445. To retain (something) in the mind: ἔχε σιγῇ μῦθον Od. 19.502. To retain something (in the mind): σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν Il. 2.33, 70. 16 To cherish or harbour (resentment) Il. 1.82, Il. 13.517. 17 to take hold of (in one's mind), contrive: νόον σχέθε τόνδʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ Od. 14.490. 18 In sailing, to keep (a place or celestial object) in a specified quarter: νῆσον ἐπʼ ἀριστέρʼ ἔχοντες Od. 3.171. Cf. Od. 5.277. 19 To hold back, hold in check, resist: Ἕκτορα Il. 11.820, Il. 13.687. Cf. Il. 12.166, Il. 13.51, 151, Il. 20.27, Il. 21.309: Od. 22.171. 20 To debar from freedom, confine, keep, hold fast: οὐδέ μιν ἔσχε πόντος Il. 21.58: εἰ δέσματʼ ἔχῃσιν Od. 1.204. Cf. Od. 1.198, Od. 4.289, 352, 360, 416, 419, 459, Od. 8.340, Od. 10.339, Od. 11.24. 21 To stay, stop: Ἐρινύες ἔσχεθον αὐδήν Il. 19.418. Cf. Il. 1.219, Il. 11.96, 848, Il. 21.341: Od. 5.451, Od. 19.458. To suspend (hostilities): πόλεμον Il. 24.670. To cease from playing, hush (a musical instrument): σχεθέτω φόρμιγγα Od. 8.537. Absol. Od. 8.542. 22 To keep back from action, stay, restrain: παρὰ νηυσὶν ἑταίρους Il. 16.204. Cf. Il. 19.119: Od. 4.284, Od. 16.430, Od. 21.129, Od. 22.70, 248, 409. To restrain, keep quiet: γέροντα Il. 22.412. 23 To restrain or stop from. With genit.: ἀγοράων Il. 2.275. Cf. Od. 4.758. With infin.: ἀμυνέμεναι Il. 17.182. 24 To keep, delay: νύκτα Od. 23.243. 25 To manage, keep in hand: ἵππων ἐχέμεν δμῆσίν τε μένος τε Il. 17.476 (as regards δμῆσιν with an admixture of sense (28)). 26 To hold (horses) in hand: ἵππους ἔχε φυσιόωντας Il. 4.227. Cf. Il. 4.302, Il. 11.341, Il. 13.386, Il. 16.506, 712. 27 To moor (a ship): σχέθον ἔξω νῆα Od. 10.95. Cf. Od. 9.279. 28 To have, possess: γέρας Il. 1.163, βασιλῆας ἀνὰ στόμʼ ἔχων (making them the subject of discourse) Il. 2.250, ὑπερδέα δῆμον Il. 17.330, ἔγχος Il. 22.293. Cf. Il. 1.168, Il. 11.271, Il. 13.714, Il. 14.11, Il. 17.232, Il. 23.51, Il. 24.212, etc.: Od. 1.311, Od. 4.97, Od. 6.179, Od. 9.196 (took with me), Od. 10.427, Od. 15.281, Od. 16.388, Od. 18.142 (accept), Od. 20.293, etc. To have in a specified place or condition: ὑπὸ κρασὶν ἔχον ἀσπίδας Il. 10.152. Cf. Od. 4.186. 29 Of animals or inanimate objects, to be furnished, supplied, infested with: ἵπποι ἡνίοχον ἔχοντες Il. 13.537 = Il. 14.431. Cf. Il. 17.436: ἠλακάτη εἶρος ἔχουσα Od. 4.135, εὐνὴ ἀράχνιʼ ἔχουσα Od. 16.35. Cf. Od. 8.558, Od. 9.426. Sim.: πήληξ καναχὴν ἔχεν (kept up, gave forth) Il. 16.105, τρίποδες τόσσον ἔχον τέλος (were so far finished) Il. 18.378. Cf. Il. 16.794, Il. 18.495. Of a state of things, to have in it, bring with it, involve: τὸ ἀνεκτὸν ἔχει κακόν Od. 20.83. 30 To wear, bear, carry, on one's person or about one: τόξʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχων Il. 1.45. Cf. Il. 2.872, Il. 3.17, Il. 7.137, 150, Il. 11.527, Il. 14.376, Il. 17.473, Il. 18.132, 538, 595, 597, 598: εἵματα Od. 6.61, πολλὴν ἠέρα Od. 7.140. Cf. Od. 1.256, Od. 6.64, Od. 13.224, 225, Od. 20.206, Od. 24.231, etc. 31 To have to wife: τὴν Ἀντηνορίδης εἶχεν Il. 3.123. Cf. Il. 3.53, Il. 11.740, Il. 13.173, 697 = Il. 15.336, Il. 21.88: Od. 4.569 Od. 7.313, Od. 11.270, 603. In pass., to be the wife of. With dat.: τοῦ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθʼ Ἕκτορι Il. 6.398. To have one as a husband: ἕξει μιν ἤματα πάντα Od. 6.281. 32 In reference to mental or bodily faculties, characteristics or conditions, to have or be characterized by: κυνὸς ὄμματα Il. 1.225, [γῆρας] Il. 4.316, τλήμονα θυμόν Il. 5.670. Cf. Il. 4.430, Il. 5.245, Il. 9.497, Il. 13.484, Il. 16.752, Il. 24.282, etc.: Od. 1.368, Od. 3.128, Od. 4.14, Od. 10.239, Od. 20.171, Od. 23.15, etc. 33 To have, suffer, be afflicted or affected by (something evil or painful): ἄχεα Il. 3.412, πόνον Il. 5.667, πένθος Il. 24.105. Cf. Il. 5.895, Il. 6.362, Il. 9.305, Il. 15.109 (accept, endure), Il. 19.133, etc.: Od. 1.34, Od. 4.650, Od. 7.218, Od. 8.529, Od. 11.167, Od. 13.423, Od. 18.73, etc. Sim.: ἕλκος ἔχοντα (suffering from it) Il. 11.834. Cf. Il. 16.517, Il. 19.49, 52. 34 To hold, manage: οἰήϊα Il. 19.43. Cf. Od. 3.281. 35 To set in array: λαόν Il. 9.708. 36 To carry on, wage (war) Il. 14.57, 100. Sim. in reference to strife: δῆριν ἔχουσιν Od. 24.515. 37 To manage, carry on, attend to, keep: πατρώϊα ἔργα Od. 2.22. Cf. Od. 4.737, Od. 6.183, Od. 7.68. 38 To keep (watch or guard): φυλακὰς ἔχον Il. 9.1, 471. Cf. Il. 10.515, Il. 13.10, Il. 14.135: Od. 8.285, 302. 39 To drive (horses): πεδίονδʼ ἔχον ἵππους Il. 3.263. Cf. Il. 5.230, 240, 752 = Il. 8.396, Il. 5.829, 841, Il. 8.139, 254, Il. 11.127, 513, 760, Il. 12.124, Il. 15.354, Il. 19.424, Il. 23.398, 423, 516. Absol., to drive: ἔχει ἀσφαλέως Il. 23.325. Cf. Il. 13.326, 679, Il. 15.448, Il. 16.378, Il. 23.401, 422, 466. 40 To steer (a ship) Od. 10.91, Od. 11.70. Absol., to steer or hold for a specified point: Πύλονδʼ ἔχον Od. 3.182. 41 With infin., to have the power, ability, means, wherewithal to do: οὐδὲ πόδεσσιν εἶχε στηρίξασθαι Il. 21.242. Cf. Il. 7.217, Il. 16.110: Od. 11.584, Od. 12.433, Od. 18.364. Absol.: οὔ πως εἶχεν (could effect nothing) Il. 17.354. 42 Of feelings, mental or bodily states or characteristics, or the like, to hold, affect, come to or upon, take hold of, possess, oppress: δία οὐκ ἔχεν ὕπνος Il. 2.2, Μενέλαον ἔχε τρόμος Il. 10.25, οὓς ἔχε γῆρας Il. 18.515, ἄγη μʼ ἔχει Il. 21.221. Cf. Il. 3.342, Il. 9.2, 675, Il. 11.269, Il. 21.543, Il. 22.458, etc.: Od. 3.123, Od. 8.344, Od. 9.295, Od. 10.160, Od. 14.215, Od. 16.310, Od. 24.244, etc. Sim.: αὔτως σε κλέος ἔχει (attends upon you) Il. 17.143. Cf. Od. 1.95 = Od. 3.78. Of the operation of wine: οἶνός σʼ ἔχει φρένας Od. 18.331 = 391. In pass. construction: ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι Il. 15.10, Il. 16.109. Cf. Il. 22.409: Od. 8.182, Od. 17.318, Od. 18.123 = Od. 20.200, Od. 19.168. II Intrans. 1 To hold on, hold out, hold fast, hold or stand firm, persist: οὐκ ἐδύναντο φόβον ποιῆσαι Ἀχαιῶν, ἀλλʼ ἔχον Il. 12.433. Cf. Il. 12.4, 184, 461, Il. 13.608, Il. 16.340, 740, Il. 20.398, Il. 23.720, Il. 24.27. Sim.: ἔκτοσθε ὀδόντες ἔχον (were fastened) Il. 10.264: σανίδες ἔχον (were in place, i.e. barred the way) Od. 23.42. With pple.: σοὶ χρὴ ἀρχοὺς λισσομένῳ ἐχέμεν Il. 5.492. 2 To bear up, remain firm, retain outward composure: πάρος ἔχε νωλεμὲς αἰεί Od. 16.191. Cf. Od. 19.494. 3 To hold its way: διʼ ὤμου ἔγχος ἔσχεν Il. 13.520 = Il. 14.452. 4 To make an attack: ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἔχωμεν Od. 22.75 (cf. ἐπέχω 4). 5 To hold, reign: ὅτʼ ἐϋφροσύνη ἔχῃ κατὰ δῆμον Od. 9.6. 6 To stretch, extend: ῥίζαι ἑκὰς εἶχον Od. 12.435, κίονες ὑψόσʼ ἔχοντες (lofty) Od. 19.38. 7 To remain in a specified condition: οὐδέ οἱ ἔγχος ἔχʼ ἀτρέμας Il. 13.557. Cf. Od. 14.416. As copula: εὖ τοι κομιδὴ ἔχει Od. 24.245. III Middle (see also I.1). 1 To cling or stick: ἔχετʼ ἐμπεφυυῖα Il. 1.513. Cf. Od. 5.329, 433, Od. 12.433, 437, Od. 24.8. To cling to. With genit.: πέτρης ἔχετο Od. 5.429. Cf. Od. 9.435. 2 To hinge or depend: τοῦ δʼ ἐκ Φαιήκων ἔχεται κάρτος Od. 6.197. Cf. Od. 11.346. To hinge or depend upon. With genit.: σέο δʼ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ (you will have the credit of it) Il. 9.102. 3 a To be stopped or stayed: ἔσχετό οἱ φωνή Il. 17.696 = Il. 23.397: = Od. 4.705 = Od. 19.472. To come to a stand, halt, stop: στῆ ἄντα σχομένη Od. 6.141. Of a ship Od. 12.204. b To be stopped in one's or its course, to be held back or in check: σχέτο [ἔγχος] Il. 7.248, οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶ (ἔφαντο) σχήσεσθαι Il. 9.235, Il. 12.107 (but in these two passages the word may refer to the Greeks in sense (6)): οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶν Ἕκτορος μένος σχήσεσθαι Il. 17.639. Cf. Il. 20.272, Il. 21.345. 4 To put constraint on oneself, refrain, forbear, cease, let be: σχέο Il. 21.379. Cf. Il. 22.416: Od. 2.70, Od. 13.151, Od. 17.238. To restrain oneself from, refrain, forbear, cease from. With genit.: εἴ ποτʼ ἀϋτῆς σχοίατο Il. 2.98. Cf. Il. 3.84, Il. 9.655, Il. 13.630, 747, Il. 14.129, Il. 17.503: Od. 4.422, Od. 24.57. To restrain (one's hands from evil): κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι Od. 22.316. 5 To be held or absorbed (cf. the pass. use under I.42): κηληθμῷ ἔσχοντο Od. 11.334 = Od. 13.2. Cf. Od. 11.279. 6 To hold out, hold one's ground: ἔφαντʼ οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοὺς σχήσεσθαι Il. 12.126. Cf. Il. 16.501 = Il. 17.559. See also 3.b. IV With adverbs. 1 With ἀνά. a To lift up, raise: ἂν κεφαλὴν ἔσχεν Od. 17.291 (cf. ἀνέχω I.1). b In mid., to restrain oneself, refrain from action: ἀνὰ δὲ σχέο Il. 7.110 (cf. ἀνέχω II.8). 2 With κατά. a To cover, enfold: ἔχεν κάτα γαῖα Il. 2.699 (cf. κατέχω 6). b to contain, enfold, bound: κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας Il. 2.560. c To restrain: κατὰ δʼ ἔσχεθε λαόν Od. 24.530 (cf. κατέχω 2). d To hold down, oppress, afflict: κατά μιν γῆρας ἔχει Od. 11.497. 3 With παρά, to provide: παρά τε σχεῖν ὅσσα . . . Od. 23.50 (cf. παρέχω 1). 4 With ὑπό, in mid., to promise: ὑπό τʼ ἔσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν Il. 13.368 (cf. ὑπίσχομαι 1). Cf. Od. 4.525 (cf. ὑπίσχομαι2).
κατά (Commonly with anastrophe when immediately following the vb. or case-form). Also in assimilated forms κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάπ, κάρ. I Adv. 1 Down, downwards: κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο Il. 1.68, ὅς τε Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται (sees it from on high) Il. 24.291. Cf. Il. 1.413, Il. 2.549, Il. 11.676, Il. 13.653, Il. 16.619, Il. 23.700, etc.: κατὰ φρόνιν ἤγαγεν (from the city) Od. 4.258, κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλεν 344. Cf. Od. 8.67, Od. 10.567, Od. 11.426, 599, Od. 15.496, Od. 19.599, Od. 24.540, etc. In reference to getting into or putting on armour: αὖτις κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔδυν Il. 4.222. 2 Down upon or over something: κὰδ δέ οἱ ὕδωρ χεῦαν Il. 14.435. Cf. Il. 8.50, Il. 20.282: κεφαλῇ κατὰ ῥάκος ἀμφικαλύψας Od. 14.349. Cf. Od. 7.286, Od. 11.433, etc. 3 Against or affecting a person: πείσεται ἅσσα οἱ αἶσα κατὰ κλῶθές τε γεινομένῳ νήσαντο λίνῳ Od. 7.197. 4 In intensive senses a In reference to fastening down, binding or securing: κατὰ πρυμνήσιʼ ἔδησαν Il. 1.436. Cf. Il. 19.94, etc.: θεοῦ κατὰ μοῖρα πέδησεν Od. 11.292. Cf. Od. 2.425, Od. 15.498, Od. 19.42, etc. Sim. in reference to drawing reins tight: κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖνεν (τεῖναν) Il. 3.261, 311, Il. 19.394. Also κατὰ συφεοῖσιν ἐέργνυ Od. 10.238. b In reference to covering or spreading over something: κατὰ κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν (as we say, up) Il. 1.460. Cf. Il. 2.699, Il. 6.464, Il. 8.441, Il. 16.325, etc.: κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος Od. 8.92. Cf. Od. 3.457, Od. 19.507, etc. So in a geographical expression in reference to containing or enfolding, about, round: βαθὺν κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας Il. 2.560. c To destruction or extinction: μὴ κατὰ χρόα σαπήῃ Il. 19.27, κατὰ δʼ ᾕρεε Πηλεΐωνα (was bent on his utter destruction) Il. 21.327. Cf. Il. 1.40, Il. 2.317, Il. 4.157, Il. 6.416, Il. 8.403, Il. 19.334, Il. 23.237, etc.: οἳ κατὰ βοῦς ἤσθιον Od. 1.8. Cf. Od. 2.376, Od. 3.307, 315, Od. 12.364, Od. 19.539, etc. d With λείπω: τὸν κατʼ αὐτόθι λεῖπεν Il. 21.201. Cf. Il. 2.160, Il. 10.273, Il. 17.91, 535, etc.: κατὰ δʼ ἄμμε λίπον ὄπισθεν Od. 10.209. Cf. Od. 18.257, Od. 21.90, etc. e In general intensive sense: τὸν κατʼ ὄσσε ἔλλαβε θάνατος Il. 5.82. Cf. Il. 23.623, etc.: κατὰ δʼ ἔσχεθε λαόν Od. 24.530. Cf. Od. 1.192, Od. 9.372, 459, Od. 10.113, Od. 11.151, 497, Od. 17.323, Od. 20.109, etc. II Prep. 1 With genit. a Down from: κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο Il. 1.44. Cf. Il. 5.111, Il. 6.128, Il. 9.15, Il. 11.811, Il. 13.772, etc.: κατὰ παρειῶν Od. 4.223. Cf. Od. 1.102, Od. 4.680, Od. 5.313, Od. 8.508, Od. 18.355, etc. With ablative Il. 4.452, etc. In reference to a point from which action takes place: κατʼ ἀκροτάτης πόλιος κελεύων Il. 20.52. b Down upon: πνείοντε κατʼ ὤμων Il. 13.385. Cf. Il. 3.217, Il. 5.659, Il. 18.24, Il. 23.765, etc.: κατὰ κρατός Od. 10.362. Cf. Od. 8.85, etc. Down into: κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο Il. 23.100. Cf. Il. 21.172. Down through: ἀμβροσίην στάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν Il. 19.39. c In reference to extent down or in from an opening: μέσση κατὰ σπείους δέδυκεν Od. 12.93. Cf. Od. 9.330. 2 With acc. a Down through or along: αἵμα κατὰ ῥῖνας πρῆσεν Il. 16.349. Cf. Il. 12.33, etc.: ὁδὸν κάτα (down the track) Od. 17.204. Cf. Od. 5.461, Od. 18.97. So in reference to a wound: ἔρρει αἷμα κατʼ ὠτειλήν Il. 17.86. Sim.: ψυχὴ κατʼ ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτο Il. 14.518. In reference to motion downwards and inwards: μυῖαι καδδῦσαι κατʼ ὠτειλάς Il. 19.25. Cf. Il. 19.209. Without notion of actual downward movement, through, along: λαοφόρον καθʼ ὁδόν Il. 15.682. Cf. Il. 12.469, etc.: κατʼ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od. 20.64. Cf. Od. 14.254, etc.– καθʼ ὁδόν (by the way) Od. 8.444. b Down into: ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα Il. 6.136. Cf. Od. 4.510. So of going into a place: κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται Il. 5.140. Cf. Il. 21.559. Sim.: καθʼ ὅμιλον ἔδυ Il. 3.36. c Through, throughout, among, over, in, on: κατὰ στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν Il. 1.229, ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Il. 2.47. Cf. Il. 2.345, 470, Il. 3.151, Il. 5.162, Il. 6.201, etc.: Ἰθάκην κάτα Od. 1.247. Cf. Od. 1.116, Od. 2.383, Od. 3.302, Od. 5.52, Od. 9.6, Od. 10.122, Od. 19.233, etc. In reference to the sight: πάπτηνε κατὰ στίχας Il. 17.84. Cf. Il. 16.646: Od. 22.381. To piercing, through: κατὰ κύστιν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή Il. 5.67. Cf. Il. 13.652. To position in or within (a space): κατʼ ἀντίθυρον Od. 16.159. d In reference to motion over something: ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα Il. 1.483. Cf. Il. 4.276, Il. 13.737, Il. 19.93, Il. 23.230, etc.: οἵη Ἄρτεμις εἶσι κατʼ οὔρεα Od. 6.102. Cf. Od. 2.429, Od. 5.377, etc. e In the region of, about, by: κατὰ βωμούς Od. 2.305. Cf. Il. 1.409, Il. 12.340. Sim.: [ξυστὰ] κατὰ στόμα εἱμένα χαλκῷ (at the point) Il. 15.389. Also: [ἑανὸν] κατὰ στῆθος περονᾶτο (on her...) Il. 14.180. In reference to arriving at a spot: ὅτε κατὰ νῆας ἶξεν Il. 11.806. Cf. Il. 13.329: Od. 24.13. Over against, opposite: ὅτε κατʼ αὐτοὺς σταίησαν Il. 17.732. Sim.: κατʼ ἐνῶπα ἰδὼν Δαναῶν (in the face of the...) Il. 15.320. Cf. Il. 17.167. In nautical sense, abreast of, off: ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο κατὰ στρατόν Il. 1.484. Cf. Od. 5.441. In reference to wounding or striking, in the region of, in: κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον Il. 5.46. Cf. Il. 5.66, 73, 305, 579, Il. 6.64, Il. 8.83, etc.: πρυμνότατον κατὰ νῶτον Od. 17.463. Cf. Od. 10.161, Od. 19.452, Od. 22.15, etc. Sim. in reference to a shield, etc., struck, on: κατʼ ἀσπίδα νύξεν Il. 23.818. Cf. Il. 3.347, Il. 5.537, Il. 11.351, Il. 16.106, etc. f Of position, on, upon: κατὰ βοὸς κέρας ἐμβεβαυῖα Il. 24.81. Cf. Il. 22.133: ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς Od. 1.145. Cf. Od. 10.233, Od. 17.86, etc.– g In reference to the mind, etc., in: χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il. 1.429. Cf. Il. 1.193, 555, Il. 2.3, Il. 5.406, etc.: θάμβησεν κατὰ θυμόν Od. 1.323. Cf. Od. 1.4, 29, 294, etc.– h According to, in accordance or consonance with: ἄρσαντες κατὰ θυμόν Il. 1.136. Cf. Il. 1.286, Il. 2.214, Il. 3.59, Il. 9.108, Il. 11.336, etc.: κατὰ μοῖραν Od. 2.251. Cf. Od. 3.138, etc. Sim.: κατʼ ἄντηστιν Od. 20.387. i In the matter of, with a view to, for, with, on: κατὰ δαῖτα Il. 1.424. Cf. Il. 15.447: κατὰ πρῆξιν Od. 3.72. Cf. Od. 3.106, Od. 11.479, etc.– j Distributively, by: κατὰ φῦλα, κατὰ φρήτρας Il. 2.362: κατʼ οἴκους Od. 1.375=Od. 2.140. So ἐρήτυθεν καθʼ ἕδρας (in their several seats) Il. 2.99 , 211.– k In reference to being in a specified formation: ἵζοντο κατὰ στίχας Il. 3.326 .– l With personal pronouns, by (oneself): μαχόμην κατʼ ἔμʼ αὐτόν Il. 1.271. Cf. Il. 2.366.