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Whether land or sea animals are cleverer (36-app)

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Furthermore, many of the Greeks have temples and altars to Artemis Dictynna[*] and Apollo Delphinios; and that place which the god had chosen for himself the poet[*] says was settled by Cretans under the guidance of a dolphin. It was not, however, the god who changed his shape and swam in front of the expedition, as tellers of tales relate; instead, he sent a dolphin to guide the men and bring them to Cirrha.[*] They also relate that Soteles and Dionysius, the men sent by Ptolemy Soter[*] to Sinope to bring back Serapis, were driven against their will by a violent wind out of their course beyond Malea, with the Peloponnesus on their right. When they were lost and discouraged, a dolphin appeared by the

prow and, as it were, invited them to follow and led them into such parts as had safe roadsteads with but a gentle swell until, by conducting and escorting the vessel in this manner, it brought them to Cirrha. Whence it carne about that when they had offered thanksgiving for their safe landing, they carne to see that of the two statues they should take away the one of Pluto, but should merely take an impress of that of Persephone and leave it behind.[*]

Well might the god be fond of the music-loving character of the dolphin,[*] to which Pindar[*] likens himself, saying that he is roused

Like a dolphin of the sea

Who on the waveless deep of ocean

Is moved by the lovely sound of flutes.

Yet it is even more likely that its affection for men[*] renders it dear to the gods; for it is the only creature who loves man for his own sake.[*] Of the land animals, some avoid man altogether, others, the tamest kind, pay court for utilitarian reasons only to those who feed them, as do dogs and horses and elephants to their familiars. Martins take to houses to get what they need, darkness and a minimum of security, but

avoid and fear man as a dangerous wild beast.[*] To the dolphin alone, beyond all others, nature has granted what the best philosophers seek: friendship for no advantage. Though it has no need at all of any man, yet it is a genial friend to all and has helped many. The story of Arion[*] is familiar to everyone and widely known; and you, my friend, opportunely put us in mind of the tale of Hesiod,[*]

But you failed to reach the end of the tale.[*]

When you told of the dog, you should not have left out the dolphins, for the information of the dog that barked and rushed with a snarl on the murderers would have been meaningless if the dolphins had not taken up the corpse as it was floating on the sea near the Nemeon[*] and zealously passed it from group to group until they put it ashore at Rhium and so made it clear that the man had been stabbed.

Myrsilus[*] of Lesbos tells the tale of Enalus the Aeolian who was in love with that daughter of Smintheus who, in accordance with the oracle of Amphitrite, was cast into the sea by the Penthilidae, whereupon Enalus himself leaped into the sea and was brought out safe on Lesbos by a dolphin.

And the goodwill and friendship of the dolphin for

the lad of Iasus[*] was thought by reason of its greatness to be true love. For it used to swim and play with him during the day, allowing itself to be touched; and when the boy mounted upon its back, it was not reluctant, but used to carry him with pleasure wherever he directed it to go, while all the inhabitants of Iasus flocked to the shore each time this happened. Once a violent storm of rain and hail occurred and the boy slipped off and was drowned. The dolphin took the body and threw both it and itself together on the land and would not leave until it too had died, thinking it right to share a death for which it imagined that it shared the responsibility. And in memory of this calamity the inhabitants of Iasus have minted their coins with the figure of a boy riding a dolphin.[*]

From this the wild tales about Coeranus[*] gained credence. He was a Parian by birth who, at Byzantium, bought a draught of dolphins which had been caught in a net and were in danger of slaughter, and set them all free. A little later he was on a sea voyage in a penteconter, so they say, with fifty pirates aboard; in the strait between Naxos and Paros the ship capsized and all the others were lost, while Coeranus, they relate, because a dolphin sped beneath him and buoyed him up, was put ashore at

Sicinus,[*] near a cave which is pointed out to this day and bears the name of Coeraneum.[*] It is on this man that Archilochus is said to have written the line

Out of fifty, kindly Poseidon left only Coeranus.[*]

When later he died, his relatives were burning the body near the sea when a large shoal of dolphins appeared off shore as though they were making it plain that they had come for the funeral, and they waited until it was completed.[*]

That the shield of Odysseus had a dolphin emblazoned on it, Stesichorus[*] also has related; and the Zacynthians perpetuate the reason for it, as Critheus[*] testifies. For when Telemachus was a small boy, so they say, he fell into the deep inshore water and was saved by dolphins who came to his aid and swam with him to the beach; and that was the reason why his father had a dolphin engraved on his ring and emblazoned on his shield, making this requital to the animal.

Yet since I began by saying that I would not tell you any tall tales and since, without observing what I was up to, I have now, besides the dolphins, run aground on both Odysseus and Coeranus to a point beyond belief, I lay this penalty upon myself: to conclude here and now.

ARISTOTIMUS.[*] So, gentlemen of the jury, you may now cast your votes.

SOCLARUS. As for us, we have for some time held the view of Sophocles[*]:

It is a marvel how of rival sides

The strife of tongues welds both so close together.

For by combining what you have said against each other, you will together put up a good fight against those[*] who would deprive animals of reason and understanding.[*]

APPENDIX: CLASSIFIED ZOOLOGICAL INDEX

A word of caution is needed: Plutarch emphatically was no naturalist. The zoological material is a hodge-podge of misinformation dredged up from various zoological sources, seasoned here and there with personal contributions, which are not necessarily correct. In the original sources, terms for specific types of animals were probably used with considerable precision. It is my impression that Plutarch often had only a vague idea of the meaning of such terms. For example, he consistently uses the specific term for a rock dove, but probably had in mind any type of domestic dove. Similarly, dorcas was used in Greece commonly as a term for the roedeer, but in Asia Minor for the common gazelle. In the original sources the word probably denoted specifically one or the other, depending on where the man lived; but Plutarch may well have used the term vaguely for any type of small deer, including gazelles and antelopes. Alfred C. Andrews

1. Mammals

Αἴλουρος: wild cat of Egypt (Felis ocreata Gm.) and of Europe (F. silvestris Schreb.) and domestic form (F. domestica Briss.).

Αἴξ: domestic goat, Capra hircus L.

Ἀλώπηξ: fox, esp. Vulpes vulgaris Flem.

Ἄρκτος: bear, more esp. the European brown bear, Ursus arctos L.

Βοῦς: domestic ox, Bos taurus L.

Γαλέη (γαλῆ): the weasel (Putorius vulgaris Cuv.), and such similar animals as the marten (Martes sp.) and the polecat or foumart (Mustela putorius L.).

Δασύρους: hare (see Λαγωός).

Δελφίς: dolphin, esp. Delphinus delphis L.

Δορκάς: in Greece, usually a term for the roedeer, Capreolus capreolus L.; in Asia Minor, usually a term for the common gazelle, Gazella dorcas L.

*Ἔλαφος: in Greece, usually a term for the red-deer, Cervus elaphus L.; in Ionia, usually a term for the fallow-deer, C. dama L.

Ελέφας: elephant, Elephas indicus L. and Ε. africanus Blumenb.

Ἔριφος: usually a kid (see Αἴξ); sometimes a very young lamb (see Ὄϊς).

Εχῖνος (χερσαῖος): common hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus L.

Ἡμίονος: mule, usually by mare and he-ass, sometimes by stallion and she-ass; in Syria, a term for the wild ass (Asinus onager Sm.) or the dschigetai (A. hemionus Sm.).

Ἵππος: horse, Caballus caballus L.

Ἵππος ποτάμιος: hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius L.

Ἰχνεύμων: ichneumon, Herpestes ichneumon L.

Κάμηλος: the Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus L., and the Arabian camel or dromedary, C. dromedarius L.

Κάπρος: wild boar, mostly Sus scrofa ferus Rütimeyer.

Κῆτος: in Plutarch usually whale, as in 980 F. See also Κῆτος under FISHES.

Κριός: ram (see Ὀϊς).

Κύων: dog, Canis familiaris L.

Λαγωός: hare, esp. the common European hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.), to a lesser degree the variable hare (L. timidus L.).

Λέων: lion, Felis leo L.

Λύνξ: lynx, Lynx lynx L.; caracal, Lynx caracal Güld.

Λύκος: wolf, Canis lupus L.

Ὄϊς: domestic sheep, Ovis aries L.

Ὄνος: domestic ass, Asinus domesticus Sm.

Ὀρεύς: mule (see Ἡμίονος).

Ὄρυξ: chiefly the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx leucoryx Pall.) and the straight-horned oryx (O. beisa Rüppel).

Πάρδαλις: panther or leopard, Felis pardus antiquorum Smith.

Πρόβατον: sheep (see Ὄϊς).

Σύς: pig, Sus scrofa domesticus Rütimeyer.

Ταῦρος: bull (see Βοῦς).

Τίγρις: tiger, Felis tigris L.

Φώην: seal, including the common seal (Phoca vitulina L.) and the monk seal (P. monachus Herm.).

2. Birds

Ἀετός: eagle, esp. Aquila sp.

Ἀηδών: nightingale, chiefly Luscinia megarhyncha Brehm.

Ἀλεκτρυών: domestic cock, Gallus domesticus Briss.

Ἀλκυών: kingfisher, Alcedo ispida L.

Γέρανος: common crane, Grus grus L.

Ἐρωδιός: heron, including the common heron (Ardea cinerea L.), the greater European egret (Herodias alba Gray), the lesser European egret (Garzetta garzetta L.), and the bittern (Botaurus stellaris L.).

Ἶβις: ibis, including the sacred white ibis (Ibis aethiopica Ill.) and the black ibis (Plegades falcinellus Kaup.).

Ἱεραξ: smaller hawks and falcons generically.

Ἰκτῖνος: kite, including the common kite (Milvus ictinus Sav.) and the black kite (Μ. ater Gm.).

Κίττα: jay, Garrulus glandarius L.; sometimes the magpie, Pica caudata L.

Κολοιός: jackdaw, Corvus monedula L.

Κόραξ: raven, Corvus corax L.

Κορώνη: crow (Corvus corone L.) and hooded crow (C. cornix L.).

Κύκνος: swan, Cygnus olor Gra. and C. musicus Bkst.

Μέροψ: bee-eater, Merops apiaster L.

Πελαργός: stork, esp. Ciconia alba L.

Πέρδιξ: partridge, esp. the Greek partridge, Alectoris graeca Kaup; in Italy also the red-legged partridge, A. rufa Kaup.

Περιστερά: rock-dove, Columba livia L.; domestic rock-dove, C. livia domestica L.

Τροχίλος: Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius Viell.; elsewhere also the common European wren, Troglodytes troglodytes L.

Χελιδών: swallow, including the chimney swallow (Chelidon rustica L.) and the house-martin (Chelidon urbica Boie).

Χήν: as a wild type, the gray or graylag goose (Anser cinereus Meyer) and the bean goose (Anser segetum Bonn.), often the domestic type of the gray goose.

Ψάρ: starling, Sturnus vulgaris L.

Ψιττακός: parrot, perhaps esp. Psittacus alexandri L. and P. torquatus Gm.

Ὠτίς: bustard, Otis tarda L.

Ὦτος: a horned or eared owl, not more specifically identifiable.

3. REPTILES AND AMPHIBIA

Βάτραχος: frog, Rana sp. and allied genera.

Κροκόδειλος: Nile crocodile, Crocodilus niloticus Laur.

Ὄφις: serpent generically.

Χαμαιλέων: the African chameleon, Chameleo vulgaris Latr.

Χελώνη (χερσαία): tortoise, Testudo graeca L. and Τ. marginata Schoepff.; (θαλαττία): sea-turtle, Thalassochelys corticata Rondel.

4. FISHES

Ἁλιεύς: fishing-frog, Lophius piscatorius L.

Ἀλώπηξ: fox-shark, Alopecias vulpes Bp.

Ἀμία: bonito, more esp. the pelamid or belted bonito, Sarda sarda Cuv., to a lesser degree the bonito or striped-bellied tunny, Katsuwonus pelamis Kish.

Ἀνθίας: in 977 c probably the Mediterranean barbier, Serranus anthias C. V.; sometimes spoken of as a much larger fish, then of uncertain identity.

Βελόνη: usually the pipefish (Syngnathus rubescens Risso and S. acus L.) and the garfish (Belone imperialis Vincig. and Strongylura acus Lacép.); in 983 C indeterminable.

Γαλεός: generic term for sharks and dogfishes, more esp. Scyllium canicula Cuv., S. catulus Cuv., and Mustelus vulgaris Müll.

Γαλῆ: principally the hake and rockling, Phycis sp. and Motella sp.

Γόγγρος: conger-eel, Conger vulgaris Cuv.

Ἔλλοψ: probably mostly the common sturgeon, Acipenser sturio L.

Ἡγεμών: usually the pilot-fish, Naucrates ductor Cuv.; in 980 F apparently also one of the globe-fishes, such as Diodon hystrix L.

Θρίσσα: probably the shad, Alosa vulgaris C. V., or the sardinelle, Sardinella aurita C. V.

Θύννος: tunny, mostly the common tunny, Thunnus thynnus L.

Ἱερός: sacred, an epithet applied to several fish, more especially the Ἀμθίας, the gilthead, the sturgeon, the dolphin, and the pilotfish.

Ἰουλίς: rainbow-wrasse, Coris iulis Gth.

Κεστρεύς: the gray mullet in general, sometimes the common gray mullet, Mugil capito Cuv., in particular.

Κῆτος: sometimes a large sea monster (as in 981 D), in other authors sometimes a huge fish (such as a large tunny), but more commonly, and usually in Plutarch, a whale.

Κολίας: coly-mackerel, Pneumatophorus colias Gm.

Κωβιός: goby, chiefly the black goby, Gobius niger L.

Λάβραξ: sea-bass, Labrax lupus Cuv.

Μορμύρος: type of sea bream, the mormyrus, Pagellus mormyrus C. V.

Μύραινα: moray or murry, Muraena helena L.

Νάρκη: torpedo or electric ray, esp. Torpedo marmorata Risso, less commonly Τ. narce Nardo and Τ. hebetans Löwe.

Περαίας: a type of gray mullet (Mugil sp.).

Πηλαμύς: year-old tunny (see Θύννος).

Σαργός: sargue, esp. Sargus vulgaris Geoff.

Σκάρος: parrot-fish, Scarus cretensis C. V.

Σκορίος: sculpin, Scorpaena scrofa L. and S. porcus L.

Τρίγλα: the red or plain surmullet, Mullus barbatus L., and the striped or common surmullet, Μ. surmuletus L.

Φυκίς: a wrasse, probably specifically Crenilabrus pavo C. V.

Χρυσωρός: gilthead, Chrysophrys aurata C. V.

5. MOLLUSCS

Κόγχη: mussels in general, including oysters.

Λαγωός (θαλάττιος): sea-hare, Aplysia depilans L.

Ὄστρεον: sometimes a generic term for mussels; more commonly a specific term for the common European oyster, Ostrea edulis L.; occasionally a term for other species of oyster, such as O. lamellosa Brocchi and O. cristata Lam.

Πίννη: pinna, especially Pinna nobilis L.; but also P. rudis L., P. rotundata L., and P. pectinata L.

Πολύπους: octopus, Octopus vulgaris Lam.

Πορφύρα: purplefish, Murex trunculus L., Μ. brandaris L., and Thais haemastoma Lam.

Σηπία: cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L.

6. CRUSTACEA

Κάραβος: rock lobster, Palinurus vulgaris Latr.

Καρκίνος: crab, Decapoda brachyura Lam.

Πάγουρος: probably the common edible crab, Cancer pagurus L.

Πιννοτήρης: pinna-guard, Pinnoteres veterum L.

Σπογγοτήρης: sponge-guard, Typton spongicola Costa.

7. INSECTS AND SPIDERS

Ἀράχνης: spider (class Arachnoidea, order Araneida).

Μέλιττα: bee generically, but mostly domestic honeybee, Apis mellifera L.

Μύρμηξ: ant generically (family Formicidae).

Τέττιξ: cicada, esp. Cicada plebeia Scop, and C. orni L.

8. ECHINODERMS

Ἀστήρ: starfish generically, Asterias sp.

Ἐχῖνος (θαλάττιος): sea-urchin, especially Echinus esculentus Lam. and Strongylocentrotus lividus Brdt.

9. PORIFERA

Σπόγγος: sponge, chiefly Euspongia officinalis Bronn. and Hippospongia equina Schmidt.

Tokens

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Artemis	2	w	79
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the	3	w	84
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see	1	w	91
Callimachus	1	w	102
Hymn	1	w	107
iii	1	w	110
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and	2	w	118
Apollo	1	w	124
Delphinios	1	w	134
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393	1	w	210
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as	1	w	216
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not	1	w	330
however	1	w	338
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relate	1	w	415
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he	9	w	426
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a	31	w	431
dolphin	2	w	438
to	4	w	440
guide	1	w	445
the	9	w	448
men	1	w	451
and	5	w	454
bring	1	w	459
them	1	w	463
to	5	w	465
Cirrha	1	w	471
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port	1	w	479
of	6	w	481
Delphi	3	w	487
They	1	w	492
also	1	w	496
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Dionysius	1	w	525
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sent	2	w	536
by	3	w	538
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361	1	w	560
f	14	w	561
Tacitus	1	w	569
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iv	1	w	582
83-84	1	w	588
to	8	w	591
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to	9	w	599
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back	1	w	608
Serapis	1	w	615
were	1	w	620
driven	1	w	626
against	1	w	633
their	1	w	638
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by	4	w	644
a	43	w	645
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out	1	w	659
of	7	w	661
their	2	w	666
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the	14	w	691
Peloponnesus	1	w	703
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their	3	w	710
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them	3	w	814
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Cirrha	2	w	938
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carne	1	w	952
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thanksgiving	1	w	991
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their	4	w	999
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that	4	w	1029
of	9	w	1031
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ed	11	w	1308
Bowra	1	w	1314
O	1	w	1316
C	8	w	1318
T	5	w	1320
frag	2	w	1327
222	1	w	1331
14-17	1	w	1337
ed	12	w	1340
Turyn	1	w	1346
The	3	w	1350
quotation	1	w	1359
is	10	w	1361
found	1	w	1366
also	2	w	1370
in	29	w	1372
Mor	3	w	1375
704	1	w	1379
f	34	w	1380
705	1	w	1384
a	94	w	1385
The	4	w	1389
lines	2	w	1394
were	4	w	1398
partially	1	w	1407
recovered	1	w	1416
in	31	w	1418
Oxyrhynchus	1	w	1429
Papyri	1	w	1435
iii	3	w	1439
408	1	w	1443
b	17	w	1444
1903	1	w	1449
for	3	w	1454
the	31	w	1457
critical	1	w	1465
difficulties	1	w	1477
see	4	w	1480
Turyn	2	w	1485
s	77	w	1487
edition	2	w	1494
likens	1	w	1501
himself	2	w	1508
saying	1	w	1515
that	6	w	1519
he	40	w	1521
is	11	w	1523
roused	1	w	1529
Like	1	w	1533
a	101	w	1534
dolphin	5	w	1541
of	15	w	1543
the	32	w	1546
sea	1	w	1549
Who	1	w	1552
on	13	w	1554
the	33	w	1557
waveless	1	w	1565
deep	1	w	1569
of	16	w	1571
ocean	1	w	1576
Is	1	w	1578
moved	1	w	1583
by	7	w	1585
the	34	w	1588
lovely	1	w	1594
sound	1	w	1599
of	17	w	1601
flutes	1	w	1607
Yet	1	w	1611
it	12	w	1613
is	12	w	1615
even	1	w	1619
more	2	w	1623
likely	1	w	1629
that	7	w	1633
its	1	w	1636
affection	1	w	1645
for	4	w	1648
men	3	w	1651
Pliny	2	w	1656
Nat	2	w	1660
Hist	3	w	1665
x	4	w	1667
24	1	w	1670
For	2	w	1674
Dionysus	1	w	1682
and	14	w	1685
the	35	w	1688
pirate-dolphins	1	w	1703
see	5	w	1706
the	36	w	1709
seventh	1	w	1716
Homeric	1	w	1723
Hymn	3	w	1727
and	15	w	1730
Frazer	1	w	1736
on	16	w	1738
Apollodorus	1	w	1749
iii	4	w	1753
5	5	w	1755
3	7	w	1757
L	4	w	1759
C	9	w	1761
L	5	w	1763
vol	1	w	1768
i	121	w	1770
p	34	w	1772
332	1	w	1776
renders	1	w	1785
it	14	w	1787
dear	1	w	1791
to	16	w	1793
the	37	w	1796
gods	1	w	1800
for	5	w	1804
it	15	w	1806
is	14	w	1808
the	38	w	1811
only	1	w	1815
creature	1	w	1823
who	2	w	1826
loves	1	w	1831
man	3	w	1834
for	6	w	1837
his	3	w	1840
own	1	w	1843
sake	1	w	1847
The	5	w	1851
hunting	1	w	1858
of	18	w	1860
dolphins	2	w	1868
is	16	w	1870
immoral	1	w	1877
Oppian	1	w	1884
Hal	1	w	1888
v	20	w	1890
416	1	w	1894
see	6	w	1898
the	39	w	1901
whole	1	w	1906
passage	1	w	1913
Of	1	w	1917
the	40	w	1920
land	2	w	1924
animals	1	w	1931
some	1	w	1936
avoid	1	w	1941
man	4	w	1944
altogether	1	w	1954
others	1	w	1961
the	43	w	1965
tamest	1	w	1971
kind	1	w	1975
pay	1	w	1979
court	1	w	1984
for	7	w	1987
utilitarian	1	w	1998
reasons	1	w	2005
only	2	w	2009
to	18	w	2011
those	1	w	2016
who	4	w	2019
feed	1	w	2023
them	5	w	2027
as	9	w	2030
do	9	w	2032
dogs	1	w	2036
and	17	w	2039
horses	1	w	2045
and	18	w	2048
elephants	1	w	2057
to	19	w	2059
their	5	w	2064
familiars	1	w	2073
Martins	1	w	2081
take	3	w	2085
to	20	w	2087
houses	1	w	2093
to	21	w	2095
get	2	w	2098
what	1	w	2102
they	5	w	2106
need	1	w	2110
darkness	1	w	2119
and	19	w	2122
a	143	w	2123
minimum	1	w	2130
of	19	w	2132
security	1	w	2140
but	3	w	2144
avoid	2	w	2149
and	20	w	2152
fear	1	w	2156
man	5	w	2159
as	10	w	2161
a	149	w	2162
dangerous	1	w	2171
wild	1	w	2175
beast	1	w	2180
Cf	3	w	2183
Mor	4	w	2187
728	1	w	2191
a	152	w	2192
but	4	w	2196
see	7	w	2199
Aelian	1	w	2205
De	4	w	2208
Natura	1	w	2214
Animal	1	w	2220
i	148	w	2222
52	1	w	2225
Arrian	1	w	2232
Anabasis	1	w	2241
i	151	w	2243
25	2	w	2246
8	6	w	2248
To	1	w	2251
the	47	w	2254
dolphin	8	w	2261
alone	1	w	2266
beyond	2	w	2273
all	3	w	2276
others	2	w	2282
nature	1	w	2289
has	1	w	2292
granted	1	w	2299
what	2	w	2303
the	49	w	2306
best	1	w	2310
philosophers	1	w	2322
seek	1	w	2326
friendship	1	w	2337
for	8	w	2340
no	4	w	2342
advantage	1	w	2351
Though	1	w	2358
it	18	w	2360
has	2	w	2363
no	5	w	2365
need	2	w	2369
at	21	w	2371
all	4	w	2374
of	20	w	2376
any	2	w	2379
man	6	w	2382
yet	1	w	2386
it	19	w	2388
is	18	w	2390
a	174	w	2391
genial	1	w	2397
friend	2	w	2403
to	22	w	2405
all	5	w	2408
and	21	w	2411
has	3	w	2414
helped	1	w	2420
many	2	w	2424
The	6	w	2428
story	1	w	2433
of	21	w	2435
Arion	1	w	2440
Herodotus	1	w	2449
i	162	w	2451
24	2	w	2454
Mair	1	w	2459
on	23	w	2461
Oppian	2	w	2467
Hal	2	w	2471
v	24	w	2473
448	1	w	2477
In	1	w	2480
Mor	5	w	2483
161	1	w	2487
a	183	w	2488
ff	5	w	2490
the	50	w	2494
story	2	w	2499
is	19	w	2501
told	1	w	2505
by	8	w	2507
an	48	w	2509
eye-witness	1	w	2520
at	22	w	2522
the	51	w	2525
banquet	1	w	2532
of	22	w	2534
the	52	w	2537
Seven	1	w	2542
Wise	1	w	2546
Men	1	w	2549
is	21	w	2552
familiar	2	w	2560
to	26	w	2562
everyone	1	w	2570
and	22	w	2573
widely	1	w	2579
known	1	w	2584
and	23	w	2588
you	1	w	2591
my	2	w	2594
friend	3	w	2600
opportunely	1	w	2612
put	1	w	2615
us	13	w	2617
in	42	w	2619
mind	1	w	2623
of	23	w	2625
the	53	w	2628
tale	2	w	2632
of	24	w	2634
Hesiod	1	w	2640
Cf	4	w	2643
969	1	w	2647
e	286	w	2648
supra	1	w	2653
But	1	w	2657
you	2	w	2660
failed	1	w	2666
to	27	w	2668
reach	1	w	2673
the	54	w	2676
end	5	w	2679
of	25	w	2681
the	55	w	2684
tale	3	w	2688
Homer	3	w	2694
Iliad	1	w	2700
ix	1	w	2703
56	1	w	2706
When	3	w	2711
you	3	w	2714
told	2	w	2718
of	26	w	2720
the	56	w	2723
dog	2	w	2726
you	4	w	2730
should	3	w	2736
not	2	w	2739
have	2	w	2743
left	1	w	2747
out	3	w	2750
the	57	w	2753
dolphins	3	w	2761
for	9	w	2765
the	58	w	2768
information	1	w	2779
of	27	w	2781
the	59	w	2784
dog	3	w	2787
that	8	w	2791
barked	1	w	2797
and	24	w	2800
rushed	1	w	2806
with	3	w	2810
a	202	w	2811
snarl	1	w	2816
on	26	w	2818
the	60	w	2821
murderers	1	w	2830
would	1	w	2835
have	3	w	2839
been	1	w	2843
meaningless	1	w	2854
if	2	w	2856
the	61	w	2859
dolphins	4	w	2867
had	4	w	2870
not	3	w	2873
taken	1	w	2878
up	2	w	2880
the	62	w	2883
corpse	1	w	2889
as	16	w	2891
it	22	w	2893
was	3	w	2896
floating	1	w	2904
on	27	w	2906
the	63	w	2909
sea	2	w	2912
near	1	w	2916
the	64	w	2919
Nemeon	1	w	2925
The	7	w	2928
shrine	1	w	2934
of	28	w	2936
Zeus	1	w	2940
at	26	w	2942
Oeneon	1	w	2948
in	50	w	2950
Locris	1	w	2956
and	25	w	2960
zealously	1	w	2969
passed	1	w	2975
it	23	w	2977
from	1	w	2981
group	1	w	2986
to	29	w	2988
group	2	w	2993
until	2	w	2998
they	6	w	3002
put	2	w	3005
it	24	w	3007
ashore	1	w	3013
at	27	w	3015
Rhium	1	w	3020
and	26	w	3023
so	7	w	3025
made	1	w	3029
it	25	w	3031
clear	1	w	3036
that	9	w	3040
the	66	w	3043
man	8	w	3046
had	5	w	3049
been	2	w	3053
stabbed	1	w	3060
Myrsilus	1	w	3069
Müller	1	w	3075
Frag	1	w	3080
Hist	4	w	3085
Graec	1	w	3091
iv	4	w	3094
p	60	w	3096
459	1	w	3100
Jacoby	1	w	3107
Frag	2	w	3112
d	123	w	3114
griech	1	w	3121
Hist	5	w	3126
ii	9	w	3129
frag	3	w	3134
12	2	w	3137
cf	1	w	3140
Mor	6	w	3144
163	1	w	3148
b-d	1	w	3151
Athenaeus	1	w	3161
466	1	w	3165
c	42	w	3166
gives	1	w	3171
as	20	w	3173
his	4	w	3176
authority	1	w	3185
Anticleides	1	w	3196
of	29	w	3199
Lesbos	1	w	3205
tells	1	w	3210
the	68	w	3213
tale	4	w	3217
of	30	w	3219
Enalus	1	w	3225
the	69	w	3228
Aeolian	1	w	3235
who	5	w	3238
was	4	w	3241
in	51	w	3243
love	3	w	3247
with	4	w	3251
that	10	w	3255
daughter	1	w	3263
of	31	w	3265
Smintheus	1	w	3274
who	6	w	3277
in	53	w	3280
accordance	1	w	3290
with	5	w	3294
the	71	w	3297
oracle	1	w	3303
of	32	w	3305
Amphitrite	1	w	3315
was	5	w	3319
cast	1	w	3323
into	2	w	3327
the	72	w	3330
sea	3	w	3333
by	10	w	3335
the	73	w	3338
Penthilidae	1	w	3349
whereupon	1	w	3359
Enalus	2	w	3365
himself	3	w	3372
leaped	1	w	3378
into	3	w	3382
the	74	w	3385
sea	4	w	3388
and	27	w	3391
was	6	w	3394
brought	2	w	3401
out	4	w	3404
safe	3	w	3408
on	31	w	3410
Lesbos	2	w	3416
by	11	w	3418
a	253	w	3419
dolphin	11	w	3426
And	1	w	3430
the	75	w	3433
goodwill	1	w	3441
and	28	w	3444
friendship	2	w	3454
of	33	w	3456
the	76	w	3459
dolphin	12	w	3466
for	11	w	3469
the	77	w	3472
lad	1	w	3475
of	34	w	3477
Iasus	1	w	3482
Aelian	2	w	3488
De	5	w	3491
Natura	2	w	3497
Animal	2	w	3503
vi	5	w	3506
15	1	w	3509
cf	2	w	3512
viii	1	w	3517
11	1	w	3520
tells	2	w	3527
the	78	w	3530
story	3	w	3535
in	58	w	3537
great	1	w	3542
detail	1	w	3548
and	29	w	3551
with	6	w	3555
several	1	w	3562
differences	1	w	3573
Cf	5	w	3576
also	3	w	3581
the	79	w	3584
younger	1	w	3591
Pliny	3	w	3596
s	209	w	3598
famous	1	w	3604
letter	1	w	3610
ix	2	w	3613
33	2	w	3616
on	32	w	3619
the	80	w	3622
dolphin	13	w	3629
of	35	w	3631
Hippo	1	w	3636
and	30	w	3639
the	81	w	3642
vaguer	1	w	3648
accounts	1	w	3656
in	61	w	3658
Aelian	3	w	3664
De	6	w	3667
Natura	3	w	3673
Animal	3	w	3679
ii	12	w	3682
6	11	w	3684
Antigonus	1	w	3694
55	1	w	3697
Philo	1	w	3703
67	1	w	3706
p	70	w	3708
132	1	w	3712
Gulick	1	w	3720
on	34	w	3722
Athenaeus	2	w	3731
606	1	w	3735
c-d	1	w	3738
collects	1	w	3746
the	83	w	3749
authorities	1	w	3760
see	9	w	3764
also	4	w	3768
the	84	w	3771
dolphin	14	w	3778
stories	2	w	3785
in	63	w	3787
Pliny	4	w	3792
Nat	6	w	3796
Hist	6	w	3801
ix	3	w	3804
25	3	w	3807
ff	7	w	3809
and	31	w	3813
Mair	2	w	3817
on	35	w	3819
Oppian	3	w	3825
Hal	3	w	3829
v	36	w	3831
458	1	w	3835
Thompson	1	w	3844
Glossary	1	w	3853
pp	7	w	3856
54	1	w	3859
f	100	w	3860
Iasus	2	w	3866
is	27	w	3868
a	284	w	3869
city	1	w	3873
in	65	w	3875
Ionian	1	w	3881
Caris	1	w	3886
on	38	w	3888
the	85	w	3891
gulf	1	w	3895
of	36	w	3897
the	86	w	3900
same	1	w	3904
name	1	w	3908
was	7	w	3912
thought	1	w	3919
by	12	w	3921
reason	2	w	3927
of	37	w	3929
its	2	w	3932
greatness	1	w	3941
to	34	w	3943
be	10	w	3945
true	1	w	3949
love	4	w	3953
For	3	w	3957
it	35	w	3959
used	2	w	3963
to	35	w	3965
swim	1	w	3969
and	32	w	3972
play	1	w	3976
with	7	w	3980
him	4	w	3983
during	1	w	3989
the	87	w	3992
day	1	w	3995
allowing	1	w	4004
itself	1	w	4010
to	36	w	4012
be	11	w	4014
touched	1	w	4021
and	33	w	4025
when	2	w	4029
the	88	w	4032
boy	1	w	4035
mounted	1	w	4042
upon	2	w	4046
its	4	w	4049
back	2	w	4053
it	39	w	4056
was	8	w	4059
not	4	w	4062
reluctant	1	w	4071
but	5	w	4075
used	3	w	4079
to	38	w	4081
carry	1	w	4086
him	5	w	4089
with	8	w	4093
pleasure	1	w	4101
wherever	1	w	4109
he	109	w	4111
directed	1	w	4119
it	41	w	4121
to	39	w	4123
go	7	w	4125
while	1	w	4131
all	7	w	4134
the	89	w	4137
inhabitants	1	w	4148
of	38	w	4150
Iasus	3	w	4155
flocked	1	w	4162
to	40	w	4164
the	90	w	4167
shore	2	w	4172
each	2	w	4176
time	1	w	4180
this	2	w	4184
happened	1	w	4192
Once	1	w	4197
a	308	w	4198
violent	2	w	4205
storm	1	w	4210
of	39	w	4212
rain	1	w	4216
and	34	w	4219
hail	1	w	4223
occurred	1	w	4231
and	35	w	4234
the	91	w	4237
boy	2	w	4240
slipped	1	w	4247
off	2	w	4250
and	36	w	4253
was	9	w	4256
drowned	1	w	4263
The	8	w	4267
dolphin	15	w	4274
took	1	w	4278
the	92	w	4281
body	1	w	4285
and	37	w	4288
threw	1	w	4293
both	1	w	4297
it	43	w	4299
and	38	w	4302
itself	2	w	4308
together	2	w	4316
on	41	w	4318
the	94	w	4321
land	3	w	4325
and	40	w	4328
would	2	w	4333
not	5	w	4336
leave	2	w	4341
until	3	w	4346
it	45	w	4348
too	2	w	4351
had	6	w	4354
died	1	w	4358
thinking	1	w	4367
it	46	w	4369
right	2	w	4374
to	45	w	4376
share	1	w	4381
a	322	w	4382
death	1	w	4387
for	12	w	4390
which	3	w	4395
it	47	w	4397
imagined	1	w	4405
that	11	w	4409
it	48	w	4411
shared	1	w	4417
the	95	w	4420
responsibility	1	w	4434
And	2	w	4438
in	74	w	4440
memory	1	w	4446
of	41	w	4448
this	3	w	4452
calamity	1	w	4460
the	96	w	4463
inhabitants	2	w	4474
of	42	w	4476
Iasus	4	w	4481
have	4	w	4485
minted	1	w	4491
their	6	w	4496
coins	1	w	4501
with	9	w	4505
the	98	w	4508
figure	1	w	4514
of	43	w	4516
a	333	w	4517
boy	3	w	4520
riding	1	w	4526
a	334	w	4527
dolphin	16	w	4534
The	9	w	4538
story	4	w	4543
has	4	w	4546
a	336	w	4547
happier	1	w	4554
ending	1	w	4560
in	81	w	4562
one	5	w	4565
version	1	w	4572
found	2	w	4577
in	82	w	4579
Pliny	5	w	4584
Nat	7	w	4588
Hist	7	w	4593
ix	4	w	4596
27	1	w	4599
the	99	w	4603
dolphin	17	w	4610
dies	1	w	4614
but	6	w	4618
Alexander	1	w	4627
the	100	w	4630
Great	1	w	4635
makes	1	w	4640
the	101	w	4643
boy	4	w	4646
head	1	w	4650
of	44	w	4652
the	102	w	4655
priesthood	1	w	4665
of	45	w	4667
Poseidon	1	w	4675
in	85	w	4677
Babylon	1	w	4684
From	1	w	4689
this	4	w	4693
the	103	w	4696
wild	2	w	4700
tales	2	w	4705
about	2	w	4710
Coeranus	1	w	4718
Aelian	4	w	4724
De	7	w	4727
Natura	4	w	4733
Animal	4	w	4739
viii	2	w	4744
3	14	w	4746
Athenaeus	3	w	4756
606	2	w	4760
e-f	1	w	4763
cites	1	w	4768
from	2	w	4772
Phylarchus	1	w	4782
Book	1	w	4787
XII	1	w	4790
Jacoby	2	w	4797
Frag	3	w	4802
d	191	w	4804
griech	2	w	4811
Hist	8	w	4816
i	340	w	4818
p	91	w	4820
340	1	w	4824
There	1	w	4831
are	4	w	4834
many	3	w	4838
other	3	w	4843
examples	1	w	4851
of	46	w	4853
dolphins	5	w	4861
rescuing	1	w	4869
people	1	w	4875
such	2	w	4880
as	35	w	4882
the	106	w	4885
fragment	1	w	4893
of	47	w	4895
Euphorion	1	w	4904
in	88	w	4906
Page	2	w	4910
Greek	2	w	4916
Literary	1	w	4924
Papyri	2	w	4930
i	347	w	4932
p	98	w	4934
497	1	w	4938
L	10	w	4940
C	15	w	4942
L	11	w	4944
gained	1	w	4953
credence	1	w	4961
He	4	w	4964
was	10	w	4967
a	365	w	4968
Parian	1	w	4974
by	15	w	4976
birth	1	w	4981
who	7	w	4984
at	40	w	4987
Byzantium	1	w	4996
bought	1	w	5003
a	370	w	5004
draught	1	w	5011
of	48	w	5013
dolphins	6	w	5021
which	4	w	5026
had	7	w	5029
been	3	w	5033
caught	1	w	5039
in	91	w	5041
a	374	w	5042
net	1	w	5045
and	42	w	5048
were	5	w	5052
in	92	w	5054
danger	2	w	5060
of	49	w	5062
slaughter	1	w	5071
and	43	w	5075
set	2	w	5078
them	6	w	5082
all	8	w	5085
free	1	w	5089
A	29	w	5091
little	1	w	5097
later	1	w	5102
he	133	w	5104
was	11	w	5107
on	48	w	5109
a	382	w	5110
sea	5	w	5113
voyage	1	w	5119
in	93	w	5121
a	385	w	5122
penteconter	1	w	5133
so	12	w	5136
they	7	w	5140
say	3	w	5143
with	10	w	5148
fifty	1	w	5153
pirates	1	w	5160
aboard	1	w	5166
in	94	w	5169
the	109	w	5172
strait	1	w	5178
between	1	w	5185
Naxos	1	w	5190
and	44	w	5193
Paros	1	w	5198
the	110	w	5201
ship	3	w	5205
capsized	1	w	5213
and	45	w	5216
all	9	w	5219
the	111	w	5222
others	3	w	5228
were	6	w	5232
lost	2	w	5236
while	2	w	5242
Coeranus	2	w	5250
they	8	w	5255
relate	3	w	5261
because	1	w	5269
a	400	w	5270
dolphin	20	w	5277
sped	1	w	5281
beneath	1	w	5288
him	6	w	5291
and	46	w	5294
buoyed	1	w	5300
him	7	w	5303
up	8	w	5305
was	12	w	5309
put	3	w	5312
ashore	2	w	5318
at	45	w	5320
Sicinus	1	w	5327
An	10	w	5330
island	1	w	5336
south	1	w	5341
of	50	w	5343
Paros	2	w	5348
near	2	w	5353
a	409	w	5354
cave	1	w	5358
which	5	w	5363
is	35	w	5365
pointed	1	w	5372
out	7	w	5375
to	47	w	5377
this	5	w	5381
day	2	w	5384
and	48	w	5387
bears	1	w	5392
the	114	w	5395
name	2	w	5399
of	51	w	5401
Coeraneum	1	w	5410
Cf	6	w	5413
Edmonds	1	w	5421
Elegy	1	w	5427
and	49	w	5430
Iambus	1	w	5436
ii	15	w	5439
p	109	w	5441
321	1	w	5445
L	12	w	5447
C	19	w	5449
L	13	w	5451
It	2	w	5456
is	37	w	5458
on	51	w	5460
this	6	w	5464
man	10	w	5467
that	12	w	5471
Archilochus	1	w	5482
is	39	w	5484
said	1	w	5488
to	48	w	5490
have	5	w	5494
written	1	w	5501
the	115	w	5504
line	4	w	5508
Out	1	w	5511
of	52	w	5513
fifty	2	w	5518
kindly	1	w	5525
Poseidon	2	w	5533
left	2	w	5537
only	3	w	5541
Coeranus	3	w	5549
Edmonds	2	w	5557
op	7	w	5560
cit	4	w	5564
ii	16	w	5567
p	111	w	5569
164	1	w	5573
Diehl	1	w	5579
Anth	1	w	5584
Lyrica	1	w	5591
i	393	w	5593
p	112	w	5595
243	1	w	5599
frag	5	w	5604
117	1	w	5608
When	4	w	5613
later	2	w	5618
he	143	w	5620
died	2	w	5624
his	10	w	5628
relatives	1	w	5637
were	7	w	5641
burning	1	w	5648
the	116	w	5651
body	2	w	5655
near	3	w	5659
the	117	w	5662
sea	6	w	5665
when	3	w	5669
a	429	w	5670
large	1	w	5675
shoal	1	w	5680
of	53	w	5682
dolphins	7	w	5690
appeared	2	w	5698
off	3	w	5701
shore	4	w	5706
as	40	w	5708
though	3	w	5714
they	9	w	5718
were	8	w	5722
making	1	w	5728
it	60	w	5730
plain	1	w	5735
that	13	w	5739
they	10	w	5743
had	8	w	5746
come	1	w	5750
for	13	w	5753
the	120	w	5756
funeral	1	w	5763
and	50	w	5767
they	11	w	5771
waited	1	w	5777
until	4	w	5782
it	62	w	5784
was	13	w	5787
completed	1	w	5796
On	2	w	5799
the	122	w	5802
grief	1	w	5807
of	55	w	5809
dolphins	8	w	5817
see	10	w	5820
Pliny	6	w	5825
Nat	9	w	5829
Hist	9	w	5834
ix	5	w	5837
25	4	w	5840
33	3	w	5843
That	2	w	5848
the	123	w	5851
shield	1	w	5857
of	56	w	5859
Odysseus	1	w	5867
had	9	w	5870
a	446	w	5871
dolphin	23	w	5878
emblazoned	1	w	5888
on	56	w	5890
it	63	w	5892
Stesichorus	1	w	5904
Edmonds	3	w	5911
Lyra	1	w	5916
Graeca	1	w	5922
ii	17	w	5925
p	120	w	5927
66	2	w	5930
frag	6	w	5935
71	2	w	5938
also	5	w	5943
has	5	w	5946
related	1	w	5953
and	51	w	5957
the	124	w	5960
Zacynthians	1	w	5971
perpetuate	1	w	5981
the	125	w	5984
reason	3	w	5990
for	14	w	5993
it	64	w	5995
as	44	w	5998
Critheus	1	w	6006
Nothing	1	w	6013
whatever	1	w	6021
is	42	w	6023
known	2	w	6028
about	3	w	6033
this	7	w	6037
author	3	w	6043
whose	1	w	6049
name	3	w	6053
may	1	w	6056
be	17	w	6058
given	1	w	6063
incorrectly	1	w	6074
in	109	w	6076
our	4	w	6079
mss	1	w	6082
testifies	1	w	6092
For	4	w	6096
when	4	w	6100
Telemachus	1	w	6110
was	14	w	6113
a	468	w	6114
small	1	w	6119
boy	5	w	6122
so	16	w	6125
they	12	w	6129
say	4	w	6132
he	158	w	6135
fell	1	w	6139
into	4	w	6143
the	128	w	6146
deep	2	w	6150
inshore	1	w	6157
water	1	w	6162
and	52	w	6165
was	15	w	6168
saved	1	w	6173
by	16	w	6175
dolphins	9	w	6183
who	9	w	6186
came	1	w	6190
to	50	w	6192
his	12	w	6195
aid	2	w	6198
and	53	w	6201
swam	2	w	6205
with	11	w	6209
him	8	w	6212
to	51	w	6214
the	129	w	6217
beach	1	w	6222
and	54	w	6226
that	14	w	6230
was	16	w	6233
the	130	w	6236
reason	4	w	6242
why	1	w	6245
his	13	w	6248
father	1	w	6254
had	10	w	6257
a	486	w	6258
dolphin	25	w	6265
engraved	1	w	6273
on	60	w	6275
his	14	w	6278
ring	4	w	6282
and	55	w	6285
emblazoned	2	w	6295
on	62	w	6297
his	15	w	6300
shield	2	w	6306
making	2	w	6313
this	8	w	6317
requital	1	w	6325
to	52	w	6327
the	132	w	6330
animal	2	w	6336
Yet	2	w	6340
since	1	w	6345
I	14	w	6346
began	1	w	6351
by	17	w	6353
saying	2	w	6359
that	15	w	6363
I	15	w	6364
would	3	w	6369
not	6	w	6372
tell	4	w	6376
you	6	w	6379
any	5	w	6382
tall	1	w	6386
tales	3	w	6391
and	56	w	6394
since	2	w	6399
without	1	w	6407
observing	1	w	6416
what	4	w	6420
I	16	w	6421
was	17	w	6424
up	9	w	6426
to	53	w	6428
I	17	w	6430
have	6	w	6434
now	3	w	6437
besides	1	w	6445
the	133	w	6448
dolphins	10	w	6456
run	1	w	6460
aground	1	w	6467
on	63	w	6469
both	2	w	6473
Odysseus	2	w	6481
and	57	w	6484
Coeranus	4	w	6492
to	54	w	6494
a	507	w	6495
point	2	w	6500
beyond	3	w	6506
belief	1	w	6512
I	18	w	6514
lay	2	w	6517
this	9	w	6521
penalty	1	w	6528
upon	3	w	6532
myself	1	w	6538
to	55	w	6541
conclude	1	w	6549
here	4	w	6553
and	58	w	6556
now	4	w	6559
ARISTOTIMUS	1	w	6571
Perhaps	1	w	6579
rather	1	w	6585
Heracleon	1	w	6594
975	1	w	6598
c	106	w	6599
or	56	w	6602
Optatus	1	w	6609
965	1	w	6613
d	263	w	6614
So	3	w	6618
gentlemen	1	w	6628
of	57	w	6630
the	135	w	6633
jury	1	w	6637
you	7	w	6641
may	2	w	6644
now	5	w	6647
cast	2	w	6651
your	1	w	6655
votes	1	w	6660
SOCLARUS	1	w	6669
As	2	w	6672
for	15	w	6675
us	47	w	6677
we	13	w	6680
have	7	w	6684
for	16	w	6687
some	2	w	6691
time	2	w	6695
held	1	w	6699
the	136	w	6702
view	1	w	6706
of	58	w	6708
Sophocles	1	w	6717
Nauck	1	w	6722
Trag	1	w	6727
Graec	3	w	6733
Frag	4	w	6738
p	134	w	6740
314	1	w	6744
frag	7	w	6749
783	1	w	6753
Pearson	1	w	6761
iii	7	w	6765
p	135	w	6767
69	3	w	6770
frag	8	w	6775
867	1	w	6779
It	3	w	6783
is	50	w	6785
a	525	w	6786
marvel	1	w	6792
how	2	w	6795
of	59	w	6797
rival	1	w	6802
sides	2	w	6807
The	11	w	6810
strife	1	w	6816
of	60	w	6818
tongues	1	w	6825
welds	1	w	6830
both	3	w	6834
so	20	w	6836
close	1	w	6841
together	3	w	6849
For	5	w	6853
by	18	w	6855
combining	1	w	6864
what	5	w	6868
you	9	w	6871
have	8	w	6875
said	2	w	6879
against	2	w	6886
each	4	w	6890
other	5	w	6895
you	10	w	6899
will	3	w	6903
together	4	w	6911
put	4	w	6914
up	11	w	6916
a	534	w	6917
good	2	w	6921
fight	1	w	6926
against	3	w	6933
those	2	w	6938
The	12	w	6941
Stoics	1	w	6947
as	51	w	6950
always	1	w	6956
in	126	w	6958
this	10	w	6962
essay	1	w	6967
who	10	w	6971
would	4	w	6976
deprive	1	w	6983
animals	2	w	6990
of	61	w	6992
reason	5	w	6998
and	59	w	7001
understanding	1	w	7014
To	2	w	7017
some	3	w	7021
critics	1	w	7028
the	140	w	7031
ending	2	w	7037
is	52	w	7039
suspicious	1	w	7049
because	2	w	7056
of	62	w	7058
its	6	w	7061
brevity	1	w	7068
and	61	w	7071
vagueness	1	w	7080
they	13	w	7085
regard	1	w	7091
it	72	w	7093
as	53	w	7095
added	1	w	7100
by	19	w	7102
an	117	w	7104
ancient	1	w	7111
editor	1	w	7117
who	11	w	7120
could	1	w	7125
not	7	w	7128
find	1	w	7132
the	142	w	7135
original	1	w	7143
termination	1	w	7154
But	2	w	7158
the	143	w	7161
sudden	1	w	7167
turn	1	w	7171
at	64	w	7173
the	144	w	7176
end	9	w	7179
may	3	w	7182
merely	2	w	7188
indicate	1	w	7196
that	16	w	7200
the	145	w	7203
whole	2	w	7208
debate	1	w	7214
is	53	w	7216
in	133	w	7218
reality	1	w	7225
a	562	w	7226
single	1	w	7232
argument	1	w	7240
to	61	w	7242
prove	1	w	7247
the	146	w	7250
thesis	1	w	7256
that	17	w	7260
animals	3	w	7267
do	35	w	7269
have	9	w	7273
some	4	w	7277
degree	1	w	7283
of	63	w	7285
rationality	1	w	7296
see	11	w	7300
also	6	w	7304
the	148	w	7307
Introduction	1	w	7319
to	62	w	7321
this	11	w	7325
dialogue	1	w	7333
APPENDIX	1	w	7343
CLASSIFIED	1	w	7354
ZOOLOGICAL	1	w	7364
INDEX	1	w	7369
A	39	w	7370
word	1	w	7374
of	64	w	7376
caution	1	w	7383
is	56	w	7385
needed	1	w	7391
Plutarch	1	w	7400
emphatically	1	w	7412
was	18	w	7415
no	17	w	7417
naturalist	1	w	7427
The	13	w	7431
zoological	1	w	7441
material	1	w	7449
is	58	w	7451
a	582	w	7452
hodge-podge	1	w	7463
of	65	w	7465
misinformation	1	w	7479
dredged	1	w	7486
up	12	w	7488
from	3	w	7492
various	1	w	7499
zoological	2	w	7509
sources	1	w	7516
seasoned	1	w	7525
here	5	w	7529
and	62	w	7532
there	1	w	7537
with	13	w	7541
personal	1	w	7549
contributions	1	w	7562
which	6	w	7568
are	6	w	7571
not	8	w	7574
necessarily	1	w	7585
correct	2	w	7592
In	3	w	7595
the	150	w	7598
original	2	w	7606
sources	2	w	7613
terms	1	w	7619
for	18	w	7622
specific	1	w	7630
types	1	w	7635
of	66	w	7637
animals	4	w	7644
were	9	w	7648
probably	1	w	7656
used	4	w	7660
with	14	w	7664
considerable	1	w	7676
precision	1	w	7685
It	4	w	7688
is	61	w	7690
my	4	w	7692
impression	1	w	7702
that	18	w	7706
Plutarch	2	w	7714
often	1	w	7719
had	11	w	7722
only	4	w	7726
a	599	w	7727
vague	3	w	7732
idea	1	w	7736
of	68	w	7738
the	151	w	7741
meaning	2	w	7748
of	69	w	7750
such	3	w	7754
terms	2	w	7759
For	6	w	7763
example	2	w	7770
he	189	w	7773
consistently	1	w	7785
uses	2	w	7789
the	152	w	7792
specific	2	w	7800
term	4	w	7804
for	19	w	7807
a	604	w	7808
rock	1	w	7812
dove	1	w	7816
but	8	w	7820
probably	2	w	7828
had	12	w	7831
in	138	w	7833
mind	2	w	7837
any	6	w	7840
type	2	w	7844
of	70	w	7846
domestic	1	w	7854
dove	2	w	7858
Similarly	1	w	7868
dorcas	1	w	7875
was	19	w	7878
used	5	w	7882
in	140	w	7884
Greece	1	w	7890
commonly	1	w	7898
as	58	w	7900
a	612	w	7901
term	5	w	7905
for	20	w	7908
the	153	w	7911
roedeer	1	w	7918
but	9	w	7922
in	141	w	7924
Asia	1	w	7928
Minor	1	w	7933
for	21	w	7936
the	154	w	7939
common	2	w	7945
gazelle	1	w	7952
In	4	w	7955
the	155	w	7958
original	3	w	7966
sources	3	w	7973
the	156	w	7976
word	2	w	7980
probably	3	w	7988
denoted	1	w	7995
specifically	1	w	8007
one	9	w	8010
or	75	w	8012
the	157	w	8015
other	6	w	8020
depending	1	w	8030
on	88	w	8032
where	3	w	8037
the	159	w	8040
man	11	w	8043
lived	1	w	8048
but	10	w	8052
Plutarch	3	w	8060
may	4	w	8063
well	2	w	8067
have	10	w	8071
used	6	w	8075
the	160	w	8078
term	6	w	8082
vaguely	1	w	8089
for	22	w	8092
any	7	w	8095
type	3	w	8099
of	71	w	8101
small	2	w	8106
deer	2	w	8110
including	1	w	8120
gazelles	1	w	8128
and	63	w	8131
antelopes	1	w	8140
Alfred	1	w	8147
C	26	w	8148
Andrews	1	w	8156
1	25	w	8157
Mammals	1	w	8165
Αἴλουρος	1	w	8173
wild	3	w	8178
cat	2	w	8181
of	72	w	8183
Egypt	1	w	8188
Felis	1	w	8194
ocreata	1	w	8201
Gm	1	w	8203
and	64	w	8208
of	73	w	8210
Europe	1	w	8216
F	16	w	8218
silvestris	1	w	8229
Schreb	1	w	8235
and	65	w	8240
domestic	2	w	8248
form	3	w	8252
F	17	w	8254
domestica	1	w	8264
Briss	1	w	8269
Αἴξ	1	w	8275
domestic	4	w	8284
goat	1	w	8288
Capra	1	w	8294
hircus	1	w	8300
L	20	w	8301
Ἀλώπηξ	1	w	8308
fox	1	w	8312
esp	2	w	8316
Vulpes	1	w	8323
vulgaris	1	w	8331
Flem	1	w	8335
Ἄρκτος	1	w	8342
bear	2	w	8347
more	3	w	8352
esp	3	w	8355
the	161	w	8359
European	1	w	8367
brown	1	w	8372
bear	3	w	8376
Ursus	1	w	8382
arctos	1	w	8388
L	21	w	8389
Βοῦς	1	w	8394
domestic	5	w	8403
ox	2	w	8405
Bos	1	w	8409
taurus	1	w	8415
L	22	w	8416
Γαλέη	1	w	8422
γαλῆ	1	w	8427
the	162	w	8432
weasel	1	w	8438
Putorius	1	w	8447
vulgaris	2	w	8455
Cuv	1	w	8458
and	66	w	8464
such	4	w	8468
similar	1	w	8475
animals	5	w	8482
as	60	w	8484
the	163	w	8487
marten	1	w	8493
Martes	1	w	8500
sp	9	w	8502
and	67	w	8507
the	164	w	8510
polecat	1	w	8517
or	80	w	8519
foumart	1	w	8526
Mustela	1	w	8534
putorius	1	w	8542
L	23	w	8543
Δασύρους	1	w	8554
hare	3	w	8559
see	12	w	8563
Λαγωός	1	w	8569
Δελφίς	1	w	8577
dolphin	27	w	8585
esp	4	w	8589
Delphinus	1	w	8599
delphis	1	w	8606
L	24	w	8607
Δορκάς	1	w	8614
in	149	w	8617
Greece	2	w	8623
usually	1	w	8631
a	660	w	8632
term	7	w	8636
for	24	w	8639
the	165	w	8642
roedeer	2	w	8649
Capreolus	1	w	8659
capreolus	1	w	8668
L	25	w	8669
in	150	w	8673
Asia	2	w	8677
Minor	2	w	8682
usually	2	w	8690
a	665	w	8691
term	8	w	8695
for	25	w	8698
the	166	w	8701
common	3	w	8707
gazelle	3	w	8714
Gazella	1	w	8722
dorcas	2	w	8728
L	26	w	8729
Ἔλαφος	1	w	8737
in	152	w	8740
Greece	3	w	8746
usually	3	w	8754
a	671	w	8755
term	9	w	8759
for	26	w	8762
the	167	w	8765
red-deer	1	w	8773
Cervus	1	w	8780
elaphus	1	w	8787
L	27	w	8788
in	153	w	8792
Ionia	2	w	8797
usually	4	w	8805
a	675	w	8806
term	10	w	8810
for	27	w	8813
the	168	w	8816
fallow-deer	1	w	8827
C	31	w	8829
dama	1	w	8834
L	28	w	8835
Ελέφας	1	w	8842
elephant	2	w	8851
Elephas	1	w	8859
indicus	1	w	8866
L	29	w	8867
and	68	w	8871
Ε	2	w	8872
africanus	1	w	8882
Blumenb	1	w	8889
Ἔριφος	1	w	8896
usually	5	w	8904
a	685	w	8905
kid	1	w	8908
see	13	w	8912
Αἴξ	2	w	8915
sometimes	1	w	8926
a	686	w	8927
very	2	w	8931
young	2	w	8936
lamb	1	w	8940
see	14	w	8944
Ὄϊς	1	w	8947
Εχῖνος	1	w	8955
χερσαῖος	1	w	8964
common	4	w	8972
hedgehog	1	w	8980
Erinaceus	1	w	8990
europaeus	1	w	8999
L	30	w	9000
Ἡμίονος	1	w	9008
mule	1	w	9013
usually	6	w	9021
by	20	w	9023
mare	1	w	9027
and	69	w	9030
he-ass	1	w	9036
sometimes	2	w	9046
by	21	w	9048
stallion	1	w	9056
and	70	w	9059
she-ass	1	w	9066
in	156	w	9069
Syria	1	w	9074
a	698	w	9076
term	11	w	9080
for	28	w	9083
the	169	w	9086
wild	4	w	9090
ass	5	w	9093
Asinus	1	w	9100
onager	1	w	9106
Sm	2	w	9108
or	89	w	9112
the	170	w	9115
dschigetai	1	w	9125
A	45	w	9127
hemionus	1	w	9136
Sm	3	w	9138
Ἵππος	1	w	9146
horse	2	w	9152
Caballus	1	w	9161
caballus	1	w	9169
L	31	w	9170
Ἵππος	2	w	9176
ποτάμιος	1	w	9184
hippopotamus	1	w	9197
Hippopotamus	1	w	9210
amphibius	1	w	9219
L	32	w	9220
Ἰχνεύμων	1	w	9229
ichneumon	1	w	9239
Herpestes	1	w	9249
ichneumon	2	w	9258
L	33	w	9259
Κάμηλος	1	w	9267
the	171	w	9271
Bactrian	1	w	9279
camel	1	w	9284
Camelus	1	w	9292
bactrianus	1	w	9302
L	34	w	9303
and	71	w	9308
the	172	w	9311
Arabian	1	w	9318
camel	2	w	9323
or	91	w	9325
dromedary	1	w	9334
C	34	w	9336
dromedarius	1	w	9348
L	35	w	9349
Κάπρος	1	w	9356
wild	5	w	9361
boar	2	w	9365
mostly	1	w	9372
Sus	1	w	9375
scrofa	1	w	9381
ferus	1	w	9386
Rütimeyer	1	w	9395
Κῆτος	1	w	9401
in	158	w	9404
Plutarch	4	w	9412
usually	7	w	9419
whale	1	w	9424
as	66	w	9427
in	159	w	9429
980	1	w	9432
F	19	w	9433
See	1	w	9437
also	7	w	9441
Κῆτος	2	w	9446
under	3	w	9451
FISHES	1	w	9457
Κριός	1	w	9463
ram	1	w	9467
see	15	w	9471
Ὀϊς	1	w	9474
Κύων	1	w	9480
dog	4	w	9484
Canis	1	w	9490
familiaris	1	w	9500
L	36	w	9501
Λαγωός	2	w	9508
hare	4	w	9513
esp	5	w	9517
the	173	w	9521
common	5	w	9527
European	2	w	9535
hare	5	w	9539
Lepus	1	w	9545
europaeus	2	w	9554
Pall	1	w	9558
to	66	w	9563
a	737	w	9564
lesser	1	w	9570
degree	2	w	9576
the	174	w	9579
variable	1	w	9587
hare	6	w	9591
L	38	w	9593
timidus	1	w	9601
L	39	w	9602
Λέων	1	w	9609
lion	2	w	9614
Felis	2	w	9620
leo	2	w	9623
L	40	w	9624
Λύνξ	1	w	9629
lynx	1	w	9634
Lynx	1	w	9639
lynx	2	w	9643
L	42	w	9644
caracal	1	w	9653
Lynx	2	w	9658
caracal	2	w	9665
Güld	1	w	9669
Λύκος	1	w	9675
wolf	1	w	9680
Canis	2	w	9686
lupus	1	w	9691
L	44	w	9692
Ὄϊς	2	w	9696
domestic	6	w	9705
sheep	1	w	9710
Ovis	1	w	9715
aries	1	w	9720
L	45	w	9721
Ὄνος	1	w	9726
domestic	7	w	9735
ass	6	w	9738
Asinus	2	w	9745
domesticus	1	w	9755
Sm	4	w	9757
Ὀρεύς	1	w	9763
mule	2	w	9768
see	16	w	9772
Ἡμίονος	2	w	9779
Ὄρυξ	1	w	9785
chiefly	1	w	9793
the	175	w	9796
scimitar-horned	1	w	9811
oryx	1	w	9815
Oryx	1	w	9820
leucoryx	1	w	9828
Pall	2	w	9832
and	72	w	9837
the	176	w	9840
straight-horned	1	w	9855
oryx	3	w	9859
O	21	w	9861
beisa	1	w	9867
Rüppel	1	w	9873
Πάρδαλις	1	w	9883
panther	1	w	9891
or	97	w	9893
leopard	1	w	9900
Felis	3	w	9906
pardus	1	w	9912
antiquorum	1	w	9922
Smith	1	w	9927
Πρόβατον	1	w	9936
sheep	2	w	9942
see	17	w	9946
Ὄϊς	3	w	9949
Σύς	1	w	9954
pig	1	w	9958
Sus	2	w	9962
scrofa	2	w	9968
domesticus	2	w	9978
Rütimeyer	2	w	9987
Ταῦρος	1	w	9994
bull	1	w	9999
see	18	w	10003
Βοῦς	2	w	10007
Τίγρις	1	w	10015
tiger	1	w	10021
Felis	4	w	10027
tigris	1	w	10033
L	46	w	10034
Φώην	1	w	10039
seal	1	w	10044
including	2	w	10054
the	178	w	10057
common	6	w	10063
seal	2	w	10067
Phoca	1	w	10073
vitulina	1	w	10081
L	47	w	10082
and	73	w	10087
the	179	w	10090
monk	1	w	10094
seal	3	w	10098
P	36	w	10100
monachus	1	w	10109
Herm	1	w	10113
2	19	w	10117
Birds	1	w	10123
Ἀετός	1	w	10128
eagle	1	w	10134
esp	6	w	10138
Aquila	1	w	10145
sp	13	w	10147
Ἀηδών	1	w	10153
nightingale	1	w	10165
chiefly	2	w	10173
Luscinia	1	w	10181
megarhyncha	1	w	10192
Brehm	1	w	10197
Ἀλεκτρυών	1	w	10207
domestic	10	w	10216
cock	1	w	10220
Gallus	1	w	10227
domesticus	3	w	10237
Briss	2	w	10242
Ἀλκυών	1	w	10249
kingfisher	1	w	10260
Alcedo	1	w	10267
ispida	1	w	10273
L	49	w	10274
Γέρανος	1	w	10282
common	7	w	10289
crane	1	w	10294
Grus	1	w	10299
grus	1	w	10303
L	50	w	10304
Ἐρωδιός	1	w	10312
heron	1	w	10318
including	3	w	10328
the	180	w	10331
common	8	w	10337
heron	2	w	10342
Ardea	1	w	10348
cinerea	1	w	10355
L	51	w	10356
the	181	w	10362
greater	1	w	10369
European	3	w	10377
egret	1	w	10382
Herodias	1	w	10391
alba	1	w	10395
Gray	1	w	10399
the	182	w	10404
lesser	2	w	10410
European	4	w	10418
egret	2	w	10423
Garzetta	1	w	10432
garzetta	1	w	10440
L	52	w	10441
and	74	w	10447
the	183	w	10450
bittern	1	w	10457
Botaurus	1	w	10466
stellaris	1	w	10475
L	53	w	10476
Ἶβις	1	w	10483
ibis	1	w	10488
including	4	w	10498
the	184	w	10501
sacred	1	w	10507
white	1	w	10512
ibis	2	w	10516
Ibis	1	w	10521
aethiopica	1	w	10531
Ill	1	w	10534
and	75	w	10539
the	185	w	10542
black	1	w	10547
ibis	3	w	10551
Plegades	1	w	10560
falcinellus	1	w	10571
Kaup	1	w	10575
Ἱεραξ	1	w	10583
smaller	1	w	10591
hawks	1	w	10596
and	76	w	10599
falcons	1	w	10606
generically	1	w	10617
Ἰκτῖνος	1	w	10625
kite	1	w	10630
including	5	w	10640
the	186	w	10643
common	9	w	10649
kite	2	w	10653
Milvus	1	w	10660
ictinus	1	w	10667
Sav	1	w	10670
and	77	w	10675
the	187	w	10678
black	2	w	10683
kite	3	w	10687
Μ	1	w	10689
ater	6	w	10694
Gm	2	w	10696
Κίττα	1	w	10704
jay	1	w	10708
Garrulus	1	w	10717
glandarius	1	w	10727
L	54	w	10728
sometimes	3	w	10739
the	188	w	10742
magpie	1	w	10748
Pica	1	w	10753
caudata	1	w	10760
L	55	w	10761
Κολοιός	1	w	10769
jackdaw	1	w	10777
Corvus	1	w	10784
monedula	1	w	10792
L	56	w	10793
Κόραξ	1	w	10799
raven	1	w	10805
Corvus	2	w	10812
corax	1	w	10817
L	57	w	10818
Κορώνη	1	w	10825
crow	1	w	10830
Corvus	3	w	10837
corone	1	w	10843
L	58	w	10844
and	79	w	10849
hooded	1	w	10855
crow	2	w	10859
C	40	w	10861
cornix	1	w	10868
L	59	w	10869
Κύκνος	1	w	10878
swan	1	w	10883
Cygnus	1	w	10890
olor	1	w	10894
Gra	5	w	10897
and	80	w	10901
C	42	w	10902
musicus	1	w	10910
Bkst	1	w	10914
Μέροψ	1	w	10920
bee-eater	1	w	10930
Merops	1	w	10937
apiaster	1	w	10945
L	60	w	10946
Πελαργός	1	w	10955
stork	1	w	10961
esp	7	w	10965
Ciconia	1	w	10973
alba	2	w	10977
L	61	w	10978
Πέρδιξ	1	w	10985
partridge	1	w	10995
esp	8	w	10999
the	189	w	11003
Greek	3	w	11008
partridge	2	w	11017
Alectoris	1	w	11027
graeca	1	w	11033
Kaup	2	w	11037
in	176	w	11040
Italy	1	w	11045
also	8	w	11049
the	190	w	11052
red-legged	1	w	11062
partridge	3	w	11071
A	52	w	11073
rufa	1	w	11078
Kaup	3	w	11082
Περιστερά	1	w	11092
rock-dove	1	w	11102
Columba	1	w	11110
livia	1	w	11115
L	62	w	11116
domestic	12	w	11126
rock-dove	2	w	11135
C	45	w	11137
livia	2	w	11143
domestica	2	w	11152
L	63	w	11153
Τροχίλος	1	w	11162
Egyptian	1	w	11171
plover	1	w	11177
Pluvianus	1	w	11187
aegyptius	1	w	11196
Viell	1	w	11201
elsewhere	1	w	11212
also	9	w	11216
the	191	w	11219
common	10	w	11225
European	5	w	11233
wren	1	w	11237
Troglodytes	1	w	11249
troglodytes	1	w	11260
L	64	w	11261
Χελιδών	1	w	11269
swallow	1	w	11277
including	6	w	11287
the	192	w	11290
chimney	1	w	11297
swallow	2	w	11304
Chelidon	1	w	11313
rustica	1	w	11320
L	65	w	11321
and	81	w	11326
the	193	w	11329
house-martin	1	w	11341
Chelidon	2	w	11350
urbica	1	w	11356
Boie	1	w	11360
Χήν	1	w	11365
as	70	w	11368
a	859	w	11369
wild	6	w	11373
type	4	w	11377
the	194	w	11381
gray	1	w	11385
or	108	w	11387
graylag	1	w	11394
goose	1	w	11399
Anser	1	w	11405
cinereus	1	w	11413
Meyer	1	w	11418
and	82	w	11422
the	195	w	11425
bean	1	w	11429
goose	2	w	11434
Anser	2	w	11440
segetum	1	w	11447
Bonn	1	w	11451
often	2	w	11459
the	196	w	11462
domestic	14	w	11470
type	5	w	11474
of	77	w	11476
the	197	w	11479
gray	3	w	11483
goose	3	w	11488
Ψάρ	1	w	11492
starling	1	w	11501
Sturnus	1	w	11509
vulgaris	3	w	11517
L	66	w	11518
Ψιττακός	1	w	11527
parrot	1	w	11534
perhaps	1	w	11542
esp	9	w	11545
Psittacus	1	w	11555
alexandri	1	w	11564
L	67	w	11565
and	84	w	11569
P	41	w	11570
torquatus	1	w	11580
Gm	3	w	11582
Ὠτίς	1	w	11587
bustard	1	w	11595
Otis	1	w	11600
tarda	1	w	11605
L	68	w	11606
Ὦτος	1	w	11611
a	878	w	11613
horned	3	w	11619
or	111	w	11621
eared	3	w	11626
owl	1	w	11629
not	10	w	11633
more	4	w	11637
specifically	2	w	11649
identifiable	1	w	11661
3	22	w	11663
REPTILES	1	w	11672
AND	1	w	11675
AMPHIBIA	1	w	11683
Βάτραχος	1	w	11691
frog	1	w	11696
Rana	1	w	11701
sp	19	w	11703
and	85	w	11707
allied	1	w	11713
genera	1	w	11719
Κροκόδειλος	1	w	11731
Nile	1	w	11736
crocodile	1	w	11745
Crocodilus	1	w	11756
niloticus	1	w	11765
Laur	1	w	11769
Ὄφις	1	w	11774
serpent	1	w	11782
generically	2	w	11793
Χαμαιλέων	1	w	11803
the	198	w	11807
African	1	w	11814
chameleon	1	w	11823
Chameleo	1	w	11832
vulgaris	4	w	11840
Latr	1	w	11844
Χελώνη	1	w	11851
χερσαία	1	w	11859
tortoise	1	w	11869
Testudo	1	w	11877
graeca	2	w	11883
L	72	w	11884
and	86	w	11888
Τ	4	w	11889
marginata	1	w	11899
Schoepff	1	w	11907
θαλαττία	1	w	11918
sea-turtle	1	w	11930
Thalassochelys	1	w	11945
corticata	1	w	11954
Rondel	1	w	11960
4	20	w	11962
FISHES	2	w	11969
Ἁλιεύς	1	w	11975
fishing-frog	1	w	11988
Lophius	1	w	11996
piscatorius	1	w	12007
L	74	w	12008
Ἀλώπηξ	2	w	12015
fox-shark	1	w	12025
Alopecias	1	w	12035
vulpes	1	w	12041
Bp	1	w	12043
Ἀμία	1	w	12048
bonito	1	w	12055
more	5	w	12060
esp	10	w	12063
the	199	w	12067
pelamid	1	w	12074
or	117	w	12076
belted	1	w	12082
bonito	2	w	12088
Sarda	1	w	12094
sarda	1	w	12099
Cuv	2	w	12102
to	75	w	12106
a	913	w	12107
lesser	3	w	12113
degree	3	w	12119
the	200	w	12122
bonito	3	w	12128
or	118	w	12130
striped-bellied	1	w	12145
tunny	1	w	12150
Katsuwonus	1	w	12161
pelamis	1	w	12168
Kish	1	w	12172
Ἀνθίας	1	w	12179
in	184	w	12182
977	1	w	12185
c	266	w	12186
probably	4	w	12194
the	201	w	12197
Mediterranean	1	w	12210
barbier	1	w	12217
Serranus	1	w	12226
anthias	1	w	12233
C	51	w	12234
V	3	w	12236
sometimes	4	w	12247
spoken	1	w	12253
of	78	w	12255
as	74	w	12257
a	924	w	12258
much	1	w	12262
larger	1	w	12268
fish	3	w	12272
then	4	w	12277
of	79	w	12279
uncertain	1	w	12288
identity	1	w	12296
Βελόνη	1	w	12303
usually	8	w	12311
the	203	w	12314
pipefish	1	w	12322
Syngnathus	1	w	12333
rubescens	1	w	12342
Risso	1	w	12347
and	87	w	12350
S	41	w	12351
acus	2	w	12356
L	75	w	12357
and	88	w	12362
the	204	w	12365
garfish	1	w	12372
Belone	1	w	12379
imperialis	1	w	12389
Vincig	1	w	12395
and	89	w	12399
Strongylura	1	w	12410
acus	3	w	12414
Lacép	1	w	12419
in	187	w	12424
983	1	w	12427
C	52	w	12428
indeterminable	1	w	12442
Γαλεός	1	w	12449
generic	3	w	12457
term	13	w	12461
for	29	w	12464
sharks	1	w	12470
and	90	w	12473
dogfishes	1	w	12482
more	6	w	12487
esp	11	w	12490
Scyllium	1	w	12499
canicula	1	w	12507
Cuv	3	w	12510
S	44	w	12513
catulus	1	w	12521
Cuv	4	w	12524
and	91	w	12529
Mustelus	1	w	12537
vulgaris	5	w	12545
Müll	2	w	12549
Γαλῆ	1	w	12554
principally	1	w	12566
the	205	w	12569
hake	1	w	12573
and	92	w	12576
rockling	1	w	12584
Phycis	1	w	12591
sp	23	w	12593
and	93	w	12597
Motella	1	w	12604
sp	24	w	12606
Γόγγρος	1	w	12614
conger-eel	1	w	12625
Conger	1	w	12632
vulgaris	6	w	12640
Cuv	5	w	12643
Ἔλλοψ	1	w	12649
probably	5	w	12658
mostly	2	w	12664
the	206	w	12667
common	11	w	12673
sturgeon	1	w	12681
Acipenser	1	w	12691
sturio	1	w	12697
L	77	w	12698
Ἡγεμών	1	w	12705
usually	9	w	12713
the	207	w	12716
pilot-fish	1	w	12726
Naucrates	1	w	12736
ductor	1	w	12742
Cuv	6	w	12745
in	192	w	12749
980	2	w	12752
F	25	w	12753
apparently	1	w	12763
also	10	w	12767
one	13	w	12770
of	80	w	12772
the	208	w	12775
globe-fishes	1	w	12787
such	5	w	12792
as	75	w	12794
Diodon	1	w	12800
hystrix	1	w	12807
L	78	w	12808
Θρίσσα	1	w	12815
probably	6	w	12824
the	209	w	12827
shad	1	w	12831
Alosa	1	w	12837
vulgaris	7	w	12845
C	58	w	12846
V	5	w	12848
or	122	w	12852
the	210	w	12855
sardinelle	1	w	12865
Sardinella	1	w	12876
aurita	1	w	12882
C	59	w	12883
V	6	w	12885
Θύννος	1	w	12892
tunny	2	w	12898
mostly	3	w	12905
the	211	w	12908
common	12	w	12914
tunny	3	w	12919
Thunnus	1	w	12927
thynnus	1	w	12934
L	79	w	12935
Ἱερός	1	w	12941
sacred	2	w	12948
an	185	w	12951
epithet	1	w	12958
applied	1	w	12965
to	78	w	12967
several	2	w	12974
fish	9	w	12978
more	7	w	12983
especially	1	w	12993
the	213	w	12996
Ἀμθίας	1	w	13002
the	214	w	13006
gilthead	1	w	13014
the	216	w	13018
sturgeon	2	w	13026
the	217	w	13030
dolphin	28	w	13037
and	94	w	13041
the	218	w	13044
pilotfish	1	w	13053
Ἰουλίς	1	w	13060
rainbow-wrasse	1	w	13075
Coris	1	w	13081
iulis	1	w	13086
Gth	1	w	13089
Κεστρεύς	1	w	13098
the	219	w	13102
gray	4	w	13106
mullet	1	w	13112
in	197	w	13114
general	1	w	13121
sometimes	5	w	13131
the	220	w	13134
common	13	w	13140
gray	5	w	13144
mullet	2	w	13150
Mugil	1	w	13156
capito	1	w	13162
Cuv	7	w	13165
in	198	w	13169
particular	1	w	13179
Κῆτος	3	w	13185
sometimes	6	w	13195
a	984	w	13196
large	3	w	13201
sea	12	w	13204
monster	1	w	13211
as	77	w	13214
in	199	w	13216
981	1	w	13219
D	18	w	13220
in	200	w	13224
other	7	w	13229
authors	1	w	13236
sometimes	7	w	13245
a	989	w	13246
huge	1	w	13250
fish	11	w	13254
such	6	w	13259
as	78	w	13261
a	991	w	13262
large	4	w	13267
tunny	4	w	13272
but	11	w	13277
more	8	w	13281
commonly	2	w	13289
and	95	w	13293
usually	10	w	13300
in	201	w	13302
Plutarch	5	w	13310
a	996	w	13312
whale	2	w	13317
Κολίας	1	w	13324
coly-mackerel	1	w	13338
Pneumatophorus	1	w	13353
colias	1	w	13359
Gm	4	w	13361
Κωβιός	1	w	13368
goby	1	w	13373
chiefly	3	w	13381
the	222	w	13384
black	3	w	13389
goby	2	w	13393
Gobius	1	w	13400
niger	1	w	13405
L	80	w	13406
Λάβραξ	1	w	13413
sea-bass	1	w	13422
Labrax	1	w	13429
lupus	2	w	13434
Cuv	8	w	13437
Μορμύρος	1	w	13446
type	6	w	13451
of	81	w	13453
sea	14	w	13456
bream	1	w	13461
the	223	w	13465
mormyrus	1	w	13473
Pagellus	1	w	13482
mormyrus	2	w	13490
C	63	w	13491
V	7	w	13493
Μύραινα	1	w	13501
moray	1	w	13507
or	131	w	13509
murry	1	w	13514
Muraena	1	w	13522
helena	1	w	13528
L	82	w	13529
Νάρκη	1	w	13535
torpedo	1	w	13543
or	133	w	13545
electric	1	w	13553
ray	8	w	13556
esp	13	w	13560
Torpedo	1	w	13568
marmorata	1	w	13577
Risso	2	w	13582
less	6	w	13587
commonly	3	w	13595
Τ	5	w	13596
narce	1	w	13602
Nardo	1	w	13607
and	96	w	13610
Τ	6	w	13611
hebetans	1	w	13620
Löwe	1	w	13624
Περαίας	1	w	13632
a	1021	w	13634
type	7	w	13638
of	82	w	13640
gray	6	w	13644
mullet	3	w	13650
Mugil	2	w	13656
sp	27	w	13658
Πηλαμύς	1	w	13668
year-old	1	w	13677
tunny	5	w	13682
see	19	w	13686
Θύννος	2	w	13692
Σαργός	1	w	13700
sargue	1	w	13707
esp	14	w	13711
Sargus	1	w	13718
vulgaris	8	w	13726
Geoff	1	w	13731
Σκάρος	1	w	13738
parrot-fish	1	w	13750
Scarus	1	w	13757
cretensis	1	w	13766
C	64	w	13767
V	8	w	13769
Σκορίος	1	w	13777
sculpin	1	w	13785
Scorpaena	1	w	13795
scrofa	3	w	13801
L	84	w	13802
and	97	w	13806
S	49	w	13807
porcus	1	w	13814
L	85	w	13815
Τρίγλα	1	w	13822
the	224	w	13826
red	16	w	13829
or	138	w	13831
plain	2	w	13836
surmullet	1	w	13845
Mullus	1	w	13852
barbatus	1	w	13860
L	86	w	13861
and	98	w	13866
the	225	w	13869
striped	2	w	13876
or	139	w	13878
common	16	w	13884
surmullet	2	w	13893
Μ	5	w	13895
surmuletus	1	w	13906
L	87	w	13907
Φυκίς	1	w	13913
a	1037	w	13915
wrasse	2	w	13921
probably	7	w	13930
specifically	3	w	13942
Crenilabrus	1	w	13953
pavo	1	w	13957
C	66	w	13958
V	9	w	13960
Χρυσωρός	1	w	13969
gilthead	2	w	13978
Chrysophrys	1	w	13990
aurata	1	w	13996
C	68	w	13997
V	10	w	13999
5	19	w	14001
MOLLUSCS	1	w	14010
Κόγχη	1	w	14015
mussels	1	w	14023
in	204	w	14025
general	2	w	14032
including	7	w	14042
oysters	1	w	14049
Λαγωός	3	w	14056
θαλάττιος	1	w	14066
sea-hare	1	w	14076
Aplysia	1	w	14084
depilans	1	w	14092
L	90	w	14093
Ὄστρεον	1	w	14101
sometimes	8	w	14111
a	1052	w	14112
generic	4	w	14119
term	14	w	14123
for	30	w	14126
mussels	2	w	14133
more	9	w	14138
commonly	4	w	14146
a	1053	w	14147
specific	6	w	14155
term	15	w	14159
for	31	w	14162
the	227	w	14165
common	18	w	14171
European	6	w	14179
oyster	2	w	14185
Ostrea	1	w	14192
edulis	1	w	14198
L	91	w	14199
occasionally	1	w	14213
a	1058	w	14214
term	16	w	14218
for	32	w	14221
other	8	w	14226
species	1	w	14233
of	85	w	14235
oyster	3	w	14241
such	7	w	14246
as	83	w	14248
O	25	w	14249
lamellosa	1	w	14259
Brocchi	1	w	14266
and	99	w	14269
O	26	w	14270
cristata	1	w	14279
Lam	1	w	14282
Πίννη	1	w	14288
pinna	1	w	14294
especially	2	w	14305
Pinna	1	w	14310
nobilis	1	w	14317
L	93	w	14318
but	12	w	14323
also	11	w	14327
P	49	w	14328
rudis	1	w	14334
L	94	w	14335
P	50	w	14338
rotundata	1	w	14348
L	95	w	14349
and	100	w	14354
P	51	w	14355
pectinata	1	w	14365
L	96	w	14366
Πολύπους	1	w	14375
octopus	1	w	14383
Octopus	1	w	14391
vulgaris	9	w	14399
Lam	2	w	14402
Πορφύρα	1	w	14410
purplefish	1	w	14421
Murex	1	w	14427
trunculus	1	w	14436
L	98	w	14437
Μ	6	w	14440
brandaris	1	w	14450
L	99	w	14451
and	102	w	14456
Thais	1	w	14461
haemastoma	1	w	14471
Lam	3	w	14474
Σηπία	1	w	14480
cuttlefish	1	w	14491
Sepia	1	w	14497
officinalis	1	w	14508
L	101	w	14509
6	23	w	14511
CRUSTACEA	1	w	14521
Κάραβος	1	w	14528
rock	5	w	14533
lobster	1	w	14540
Palinurus	1	w	14550
vulgaris	10	w	14558
Latr	2	w	14562
Καρκίνος	1	w	14571
crab	1	w	14576
Decapoda	1	w	14585
brachyura	1	w	14594
Lam	4	w	14597
Πάγουρος	1	w	14606
probably	8	w	14615
the	229	w	14618
common	19	w	14624
edible	1	w	14630
crab	2	w	14634
Cancer	1	w	14641
pagurus	1	w	14648
L	104	w	14649
Πιννοτήρης	1	w	14660
pinna-guard	1	w	14672
Pinnoteres	1	w	14683
veterum	1	w	14690
L	105	w	14691
Σπογγοτήρης	1	w	14703
sponge-guard	1	w	14716
Typton	1	w	14723
spongicola	1	w	14733
Costa	1	w	14738
7	18	w	14740
INSECTS	1	w	14748
AND	2	w	14751
SPIDERS	1	w	14758
Ἀράχνης	1	w	14765
spider	1	w	14772
class	1	w	14778
Arachnoidea	1	w	14789
order	1	w	14795
Araneida	1	w	14803
Μέλιττα	1	w	14812
bee	5	w	14816
generically	3	w	14827
but	13	w	14831
mostly	4	w	14837
domestic	15	w	14845
honeybee	1	w	14853
Apis	1	w	14858
mellifera	1	w	14867
L	106	w	14868
Μύρμηξ	1	w	14875
ant	13	w	14879
generically	4	w	14890
family	1	w	14897
Formicidae	1	w	14907
Τέττιξ	1	w	14915
cicada	1	w	14922
esp	16	w	14926
Cicada	1	w	14933
plebeia	1	w	14940
Scop	1	w	14944
and	103	w	14948
C	76	w	14949
orni	2	w	14954
L	107	w	14955
8	15	w	14957
ECHINODERMS	1	w	14969
Ἀστήρ	1	w	14974
starfish	1	w	14983
generically	5	w	14994
Asterias	1	w	15003
sp	37	w	15005
Ἐχῖνος	1	w	15012
θαλάττιος	2	w	15022
sea-urchin	1	w	15034
especially	3	w	15045
Echinus	1	w	15052
esculentus	1	w	15062
Lam	5	w	15065
and	104	w	15069
Strongylocentrotus	1	w	15087
lividus	1	w	15094
Brdt	1	w	15098
9	19	w	15100
PORIFERA	1	w	15109
Σπόγγος	1	w	15116
sponge	2	w	15123
chiefly	4	w	15131
Euspongia	1	w	15140
officinalis	2	w	15151
Bronn	1	w	15156
and	105	w	15160
Hippospongia	1	w	15172
equina	1	w	15178
Schmidt	1	w	15185