A Discourse Concerning Socrates's Daemon (19-20)

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg109.perseus-eng2:19-20

Refs	`{'start': {'reference': '19', 'human_reference': 'Section 19'}, 'end': {'reference': '20', 'human_reference': 'Section 20'}}`
Ancestors	`[]`
Children	`[]`

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Upon this news we were strangely altered. Just before we were angry with the man that endeavored to put it off; and now the time approaching, the very minute just upon us, and it being impossible to defer the matter, we found ourselves in great anxiety and perplexity. But I, speaking to Hipposthenides and taking him by the hand, bade him be of good courage, for the Gods themselves seemed to invite us to action. Presently we parted. Phyllidas went home to prepare his entertainment, and to make Archias drunk as soon as conveniently he could; Charon went to his house to receive the exiles; and I and Theocritus went back to Simmias again, that having now a good opportunity, we might discourse with Epaminondas.

We found them engaged in a notable dispute, which Galaxidorus and Phidolaus had touched upon before; the subject of the enquiry was this,—What kind of substance or power was the famed Daemon of Socrates? Simmias’s reply to Galaxidorus’s discourse we did not hear; but he said that, having once asked Socrates about it and received no answer, he never repeated the same question; but he

had often heard him declare those to be vain pretenders who said they had seen any divine apparition, while to those who affirmed that they heard a voice he would gladly hearken, and would eagerly enquire into the particulars. And this upon consideration gave us probable reasons to conjecture that this Daemon of Socrates was not an apparition, but rather a sensible perception of a voice, or an apprehension of some words, which after an unaccountable manner affected him; as in a dream there is no real voice, yet we have fancies and apprehensions of words which make us imagine that we hear some speak. This perception in dreams is usual, because the body whilst we are asleep is quiet and undisturbed; but when we are awake, meaner thoughts creep in, and we can hardly bring our souls to observe better advertisements. For being in a hurry of tumultuous passions and distracting business, we cannot compose our mind or make it listen to the discoveries. But Socrates’s understanding being pure, free from passion, and mixing itself with the body no more than necessity required, was easy to be moved and apt to take an impression from every thing that was applied to it; now that which was applied was not a voice, but more probably a declaration of a Daemon, by which the very thing that it would declare was immediately and without audible voice represented to his mind. Voice is like a stroke given to the soul, which receives speech forcibly entering at the ears whilst we discourse; but the understanding of a more excellent nature affects a capable soul, by applying the very thing to be understood to it, so that there is no need of another stroke. And the soul obeys, as it stretches or slackens her affections, not forcibly, as if it wrought by contrary passions, but smoothly and gently, as if it moved flexible and loose reins. And sure nobody can wonder at this, that hath observed what great ships of burden are turned by a small helm, or seen a potter’s wheel move

round by the gentle touch of one finger. These are lifeless things, it is true; but being of a frame fit for motion, by reason of their smoothness, they yield to the least impulse. The soul of man, being stretched with a thousand inclinations, as with cords, is the most tractable instrument that is, and if once rationally excited, easy to be moved to the object that is to be conceived; for here the beginnings of the passions and appetites spread to the understanding mind, and that being once agitated, they are drawn back again, and so stretch and raise the whole man. Hence you may guess how great is the force of a conception when it hath entered the mind; for the bones that are insensible, the nerves, the flesh that is full of humors, and the heavy mass composed of all these, lying quiet and at rest, as soon as the soul gives the impulse and raiseth an appetite to move towards any object, are all roused and invigorated, and every member seems a wing to carry it forward to action. Nor is it impossible or even very difficult to conceive the manner of this motion and stirring, by which the soul having conceived any thing draweth after her, by means of appetites, the whole mass of the body. But inasmuch as language, apprehended without any sensible voice, easily excites; so, in my opinion, the understanding of a superior nature and a more divine soul may excite an inferior soul, touching it from without, like as one speech may touch and rouse another, and as light causes its own reflection. We, it is true, as it were groping in the dark, find out one another’s conceptions by the voice; but the conceptions of the Daemons carry a light with them, and shine to those that are able to perceive them, so that there is no need of words such as men use as signs to one another, seeing thereby only the images of the conceptions, and being unable to see the conceptions themselves unless they enjoy a peculiar and (as I said before) a divine light. This may be illustrated from the nature and effect

of voice; for the air being formed into articulate sounds, and made all voice, transmits the conception of the soul to the hearer; so that it is no wonder if the air, that is very apt to take impressions, being fashioned according to the object conceived by a more excellent nature, signifies that conception to some divine and extraordinary men. For as a stroke upon a brazen shield, when the noise ariseth out of a hollow, is heard only by those who are in a convenient position, and is not perceived by others; so the speeches of the Daemon, though indifferently applied to all, yet sound only to those who are of a quiet temper and sedate mind, and such as we call holy and divine men. Most believe that Daemons communicate some illuminations to men asleep, but think it strange and incredible that they should communicate the like to them whilst they are awake and have their senses and reason vigorous; as vise a fancy as it is to imagine that a musician can use his harp when the strings are slack, but cannot play when they are screwed up and in tune. For they do not consider that the effect is hindered by the unquietness and incapacity of their own minds; from which inconveniences our friend Socrates was free, as the oracle assured his father whilst he was a boy. For that commanded him to let young Socrates do what he would, not to force or draw him from his inclinations, but let the boy’s humor have its free course; to beg Jupiter’s and the Muses’ blessing upon him, and take no farther care, intimating that he had a good guide to direct him, that was better than ten thousand tutors and instructors.

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it	30	w	3071
hath	2	w	3075
entered	1	w	3082
the	43	w	3085
mind	4	w	3089
for	9	w	3093
the	44	w	3096
bones	1	w	3101
that	15	w	3105
are	9	w	3108
insensible	1	w	3118
the	45	w	3122
nerves	1	w	3128
the	46	w	3132
flesh	1	w	3137
that	16	w	3141
is	30	w	3143
full	1	w	3147
of	22	w	3149
humors	1	w	3155
and	30	w	3159
the	47	w	3162
heavy	1	w	3167
mass	1	w	3171
composed	1	w	3179
of	23	w	3181
all	3	w	3184
these	1	w	3189
lying	2	w	3195
quiet	2	w	3200
and	31	w	3203
at	40	w	3205
rest	1	w	3209
as	33	w	3212
soon	2	w	3216
as	34	w	3218
the	49	w	3221
soul	6	w	3225
gives	1	w	3230
the	50	w	3233
impulse	2	w	3240
and	32	w	3243
raiseth	1	w	3250
an	54	w	3252
appetite	2	w	3260
to	33	w	3262
move	5	w	3266
towards	1	w	3273
any	2	w	3276
object	2	w	3282
are	10	w	3286
all	4	w	3289
roused	1	w	3295
and	33	w	3298
invigorated	1	w	3309
and	34	w	3313
every	2	w	3318
member	1	w	3324
seems	1	w	3329
a	271	w	3330
wing	1	w	3334
to	35	w	3336
carry	1	w	3341
it	32	w	3343
forward	1	w	3350
to	36	w	3352
action	2	w	3358
Nor	1	w	3362
is	32	w	3364
it	33	w	3366
impossible	2	w	3376
or	30	w	3378
even	1	w	3382
very	6	w	3386
difficult	1	w	3395
to	37	w	3397
conceive	2	w	3405
the	51	w	3408
manner	2	w	3414
of	24	w	3416
this	6	w	3420
motion	2	w	3426
and	35	w	3429
stirring	1	w	3437
by	8	w	3440
which	7	w	3445
the	52	w	3448
soul	7	w	3452
having	3	w	3458
conceived	2	w	3467
any	3	w	3470
thing	5	w	3475
draweth	1	w	3482
after	2	w	3487
her	7	w	3490
by	9	w	3493
means	1	w	3498
of	25	w	3500
appetites	2	w	3509
the	53	w	3513
whole	2	w	3518
mass	2	w	3522
of	26	w	3524
the	54	w	3527
body	4	w	3531
But	3	w	3535
inasmuch	1	w	3543
as	37	w	3545
language	1	w	3553
apprehended	1	w	3565
without	2	w	3572
any	4	w	3575
sensible	3	w	3583
voice	6	w	3588
easily	1	w	3595
excites	1	w	3602
so	16	w	3605
in	61	w	3608
my	1	w	3610
opinion	1	w	3617
the	55	w	3621
understanding	4	w	3634
of	27	w	3636
a	292	w	3637
superior	1	w	3645
nature	2	w	3651
and	37	w	3654
a	295	w	3655
more	4	w	3659
divine	2	w	3665
soul	8	w	3669
may	2	w	3672
excite	3	w	3678
an	66	w	3680
inferior	1	w	3688
soul	9	w	3692
touching	1	w	3701
it	38	w	3703
from	3	w	3707
without	3	w	3714
like	2	w	3719
as	39	w	3721
one	3	w	3724
speech	2	w	3730
may	3	w	3733
touch	4	w	3738
and	38	w	3741
rouse	2	w	3746
another	2	w	3753
and	39	w	3757
as	40	w	3759
light	1	w	3764
causes	1	w	3770
its	2	w	3773
own	1	w	3776
reflection	1	w	3786
We	2	w	3789
it	41	w	3792
is	34	w	3794
true	2	w	3798
as	41	w	3801
it	42	w	3803
were	3	w	3807
groping	1	w	3814
in	68	w	3816
the	57	w	3819
dark	1	w	3823
find	1	w	3828
out	5	w	3831
one	4	w	3834
another	3	w	3841
s	258	w	3843
conceptions	1	w	3854
by	10	w	3856
the	59	w	3859
voice	7	w	3864
but	9	w	3868
the	60	w	3871
conceptions	2	w	3882
of	28	w	3884
the	61	w	3887
Daemons	1	w	3894
carry	2	w	3899
a	310	w	3900
light	2	w	3905
with	9	w	3909
them	3	w	3913
and	40	w	3917
shine	1	w	3922
to	40	w	3924
those	3	w	3929
that	17	w	3933
are	11	w	3936
able	6	w	3940
to	41	w	3942
perceive	1	w	3950
them	4	w	3954
so	19	w	3957
that	18	w	3961
there	3	w	3966
is	35	w	3968
no	19	w	3970
need	2	w	3974
of	29	w	3976
words	3	w	3981
such	1	w	3985
as	42	w	3987
men	4	w	3990
use	6	w	3993
as	43	w	3995
signs	1	w	4000
to	42	w	4002
one	5	w	4005
another	4	w	4012
seeing	1	w	4019
thereby	1	w	4026
only	1	w	4030
the	67	w	4033
images	1	w	4039
of	30	w	4041
the	68	w	4044
conceptions	3	w	4055
and	41	w	4059
being	7	w	4064
unable	1	w	4070
to	43	w	4072
see	6	w	4075
the	69	w	4078
conceptions	4	w	4089
themselves	2	w	4099
unless	1	w	4105
they	5	w	4109
enjoy	1	w	4114
a	322	w	4115
peculiar	1	w	4123
and	42	w	4126
as	44	w	4129
I	3	w	4130
said	3	w	4134
before	3	w	4140
a	327	w	4142
divine	3	w	4148
light	3	w	4153
This	2	w	4158
may	4	w	4161
be	23	w	4163
illustrated	1	w	4174
from	4	w	4178
the	72	w	4181
nature	3	w	4187
and	43	w	4190
effect	1	w	4196
of	31	w	4198
voice	8	w	4203
for	12	w	4207
the	73	w	4210
air	1	w	4213
being	8	w	4218
formed	1	w	4224
into	2	w	4228
articulate	1	w	4238
sounds	1	w	4244
and	44	w	4248
made	1	w	4252
all	5	w	4255
voice	9	w	4260
transmits	1	w	4270
the	74	w	4273
conception	6	w	4283
of	32	w	4285
the	75	w	4288
soul	10	w	4292
to	45	w	4294
the	76	w	4297
hearer	1	w	4303
so	22	w	4306
that	19	w	4310
it	45	w	4312
is	37	w	4314
no	21	w	4316
wonder	2	w	4322
if	6	w	4324
the	77	w	4327
air	2	w	4330
that	20	w	4335
is	38	w	4337
very	7	w	4341
apt	2	w	4344
to	46	w	4346
take	2	w	4350
impressions	1	w	4361
being	9	w	4367
fashioned	1	w	4376
according	1	w	4385
to	47	w	4387
the	78	w	4390
object	3	w	4396
conceived	3	w	4405
by	12	w	4407
a	347	w	4408
more	5	w	4412
excellent	2	w	4421
nature	4	w	4427
signifies	1	w	4437
that	21	w	4441
conception	7	w	4451
to	48	w	4453
some	3	w	4457
divine	4	w	4463
and	45	w	4466
extraordinary	1	w	4479
men	5	w	4482
For	2	w	4486
as	46	w	4488
a	354	w	4489
stroke	3	w	4495
upon	4	w	4499
a	355	w	4500
brazen	1	w	4506
shield	1	w	4512
when	3	w	4517
the	79	w	4520
noise	1	w	4525
ariseth	1	w	4532
out	6	w	4535
of	33	w	4537
a	358	w	4538
hollow	1	w	4544
is	41	w	4547
heard	3	w	4552
only	2	w	4556
by	13	w	4558
those	4	w	4563
who	5	w	4566
are	13	w	4569
in	80	w	4571
a	361	w	4572
convenient	2	w	4582
position	1	w	4590
and	46	w	4594
is	42	w	4596
not	11	w	4599
perceived	1	w	4608
by	14	w	4610
others	1	w	4616
so	24	w	4619
the	81	w	4622
speeches	1	w	4630
of	34	w	4632
the	82	w	4635
Daemon	5	w	4641
though	2	w	4648
indifferently	1	w	4661
applied	3	w	4668
to	49	w	4670
all	6	w	4673
yet	2	w	4677
sound	2	w	4682
only	3	w	4686
to	50	w	4688
those	5	w	4693
who	6	w	4696
are	14	w	4699
of	35	w	4701
a	367	w	4702
quiet	3	w	4707
temper	1	w	4713
and	47	w	4716
sedate	1	w	4722
mind	5	w	4726
and	48	w	4730
such	2	w	4734
as	47	w	4736
we	23	w	4738
call	1	w	4742
holy	1	w	4746
and	49	w	4749
divine	5	w	4755
men	6	w	4758
Most	1	w	4763
believe	1	w	4770
that	22	w	4774
Daemons	2	w	4781
communicate	1	w	4792
some	4	w	4796
illuminations	1	w	4809
to	51	w	4811
men	7	w	4814
asleep	2	w	4820
but	10	w	4824
think	1	w	4829
it	47	w	4831
strange	2	w	4838
and	50	w	4841
incredible	1	w	4851
that	23	w	4855
they	6	w	4859
should	1	w	4865
communicate	2	w	4876
the	84	w	4879
like	3	w	4883
to	52	w	4885
them	6	w	4889
whilst	3	w	4895
they	7	w	4899
are	15	w	4902
awake	2	w	4907
and	51	w	4910
have	2	w	4914
their	2	w	4919
senses	1	w	4925
and	52	w	4928
reason	3	w	4934
vigorous	1	w	4942
as	50	w	4945
vise	1	w	4949
a	391	w	4950
fancy	1	w	4955
as	51	w	4957
it	48	w	4959
is	44	w	4961
to	53	w	4963
imagine	2	w	4970
that	24	w	4974
a	396	w	4975
musician	1	w	4983
can	4	w	4986
use	7	w	4989
his	12	w	4992
harp	1	w	4996
when	4	w	5000
the	88	w	5003
strings	1	w	5010
are	16	w	5013
slack	2	w	5018
but	11	w	5022
cannot	2	w	5028
play	1	w	5032
when	5	w	5036
they	8	w	5040
are	17	w	5043
screwed	1	w	5050
up	6	w	5052
and	53	w	5055
in	89	w	5057
tune	1	w	5061
For	3	w	5065
they	9	w	5069
do	4	w	5071
not	13	w	5074
consider	2	w	5082
that	25	w	5086
the	91	w	5089
effect	2	w	5095
is	46	w	5097
hindered	1	w	5105
by	15	w	5107
the	92	w	5110
unquietness	1	w	5121
and	54	w	5124
incapacity	1	w	5134
of	36	w	5136
their	3	w	5141
own	2	w	5144
minds	1	w	5149
from	5	w	5154
which	8	w	5159
inconveniences	1	w	5173
our	8	w	5176
friend	1	w	5182
Socrates	5	w	5190
was	9	w	5193
free	2	w	5197
as	53	w	5200
the	94	w	5203
oracle	1	w	5209
assured	1	w	5216
his	13	w	5219
father	1	w	5225
whilst	4	w	5231
he	129	w	5233
was	10	w	5236
a	417	w	5237
boy	1	w	5240
For	4	w	5244
that	26	w	5248
commanded	1	w	5257
him	5	w	5260
to	54	w	5262
let	1	w	5265
young	1	w	5270
Socrates	6	w	5278
do	5	w	5280
what	2	w	5284
he	130	w	5286
would	4	w	5291
not	14	w	5295
to	55	w	5297
force	2	w	5302
or	47	w	5304
draw	3	w	5308
him	6	w	5311
from	6	w	5315
his	14	w	5318
inclinations	2	w	5330
but	12	w	5334
let	2	w	5337
the	96	w	5340
boy	2	w	5343
s	360	w	5345
humor	2	w	5350
have	3	w	5354
its	4	w	5357
free	3	w	5361
course	4	w	5367
to	56	w	5370
beg	2	w	5373
Jupiter	1	w	5380
s	363	w	5382
and	56	w	5385
the	97	w	5388
Muses	1	w	5393
blessing	1	w	5402
upon	5	w	5406
him	7	w	5409
and	57	w	5413
take	3	w	5417
no	27	w	5419
farther	1	w	5426
care	1	w	5430
intimating	1	w	5441
that	27	w	5445
he	134	w	5447
had	4	w	5450
a	433	w	5451
good	3	w	5455
guide	1	w	5460
to	57	w	5462
direct	1	w	5468
him	8	w	5471
that	28	w	5476
was	11	w	5479
better	2	w	5485
than	2	w	5489
ten	4	w	5492
thousand	2	w	5500
tutors	1	w	5506
and	59	w	5509
instructors	1	w	5520