Of Garrulity, or Talkativeness (15-17)

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg101.perseus-eng4:15-17

Refs	`{'start': {'reference': '15', 'human_reference': 'Section 15'}, 'end': {'reference': '17', 'human_reference': 'Section 17'}}`
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Now then if the question should be asked, Which are the worst and most pernicious sort of people? I do not believe there is any man that would omit to name a traitor. By treason it was that Euthycrates covered the uppermost story of his house with Macedonian timber, according to the report of Demosthenes; that Philocrates, having received a good sum of money, spent it upon whores and fish; and that Euphorbus and Philagrus, who betrayed Eretria, were so well rewarded by the king with ample Possessions. But a prattler is a sort of traitor that no man needs to hire, for that he offers himself officiously and of his own accord. Nor does he betray to the enemy either horse or walls; but whatever he knows of public or private concerns requiring the greatest secrecy, that he discloses, whether it be in courts of judicature, in conspiracies, or management of state affairs, ’tis all one; he expects not so much as the reward of being thanked for

his pains; nay, rather he will return thanks to them that give him audience. And therefore what was said upon a certain spendthrift that rashly and without any discretion wasted his own estate by his lavish prodigality to others,

Thou art not liberal; ’tis a disease

Of vainly giving, which does thee possess;

’Tis all to please thyself, what thou dost give,
[*]

may well be retorted upon a common prattler:

Thou art no friend, nor dost to me impart,

For friendship’s sake, the secrets of thy heart;

But as thy tongue has neither bolt nor lock,

’Tis thy disease, that thou delight’st to talk.

Nor would I have the reader think that what has hitherto been said has been discoursed so much to blame as to cure that vicious and infectious malady of loquaciousness. For though we surmount and vanquish the vices of the mind by judgment and exercise, yet must the judgment precede. For no man will accustom himself to avoid and, as it were, to extirpate out of his soul those vices, unless he first abominate them. Nor can we ever detest those evil habits of the mind as we ought to do, but when we rightly judge by reason’s light of the prejudice they do us, and the ignominy we sustain thereby. For example, we consider and find that these profuse babblers, desirous of being beloved, are universally hated; while they study to gratify, they become troublesome; while they seek to be admired, they are derided. If they aim at profit, they lose all their labor; in short, they injure their friends, advantage their enemies, and undo themselves. And therefore the first remedy and cure for this spreading malady will be this, to reckon up all the shameful infamies and disasters that attend it.

The second remedy is to take into serious consideration the practice of the opposite virtue, by always hearing, remembering, and having ready at hand the due praises

and encomiums of reservedness and taciturnity, together with the majesty, sanctimony, and mysterious profoundness of silence. Let them consider how much more beloved, how much more admired, how far they are reputed to excel in prudence, who deliver their minds in few words, roundly and sententiously, and contract a great deal of sense within a small compass of speech, than such as fly out into voluminous language, and suffer their tongues to run before their wit. The former are those whom Plato so much praises, and likens unto skilful archers, darting forth their sentences thick and close, as it were crisped and curled one within another. To this same shrewdness of expression Lycurgus accustomed his fellow-citizens from their childhood by the exercise of silence, contracting and thickening their discourse into a compendious delivery. For as the Celtiberians make steel of iron by burying it in the ground, thereby to refine it from the gross and earthy part, so the Laconic way of speech has nothing of bark upon it, but by cutting off all superfluity of words, it becomes steeled and sharpened to pierce the understanding of the hearers. So their consciousness of language, so ready to turn the edge to all manner of questions, became natural by their extraordinary practice of silence. And therefore it would be very expedient for persons so much given to talk, always to have before their eyes the short and pithy sayings of those people, were it only to let them see the force and gravity which they contain. For example: The Lacedaemonians to Philip; Dionysius in Corinth. And when Philip wrote thus to the Spartans: If once I enter into your territories, I will destroy ye all, never to rise again; they answered him with the single word, If. To King Demetrius exclaiming in a great rage, What! have the Spartans sent me but one ambassador? the ambassador nothing terrified replied, Yes; one to one. Certainly they that spoke short and concisely were much admired by the

ancients. Therefore the Amphictyons gave order, not that the Iliad or the Odyssey or Pindar’s paeans should be written upon Pythian Apollo’s temple; but Know thyself; Nothing too much; Give sureties, and mischief is at hand. So much did they admire conciseness of speech, comprehending full sense in so much brevity, made solid as it were by the force of a hammer. Does not the Deity himself study compendious utterance in the delivery of his oracles? Is he not therefore called Loxias,[*] because he avoids rather loquacity than obscurity? Are not they that signify their meaning by certain signs, without words, in great admiration and highly applauded Thus Heraclitus, being desired by his fellow-citizens to give them his opinion concerning Concord, ascended the public pulpit, and taking a cup of cold water into his hand, first sprinkled it with a little flour, then stirring it with a sprig of pennyroyal, drank it off, and so came don again; intimating thereby, that if men would but be contented with what was next at hand, without longing after dainties and superfluities, it would be an easy thing for cities to live in peace and concord one with another.

Scilurus, king of the Scythians, left fourscore sons behind him; who, when he found the hour of death approaching, ordered them to bring him a bundle of small javelins, and then commanded every one singly to try whether lie could break the bundle, as it was, tied up altogether; which when they told him it was impossible for them to do, he drew out the javelins one by one, and brake them all himself with case; thereby declaring that, so long as they kept together united and in concord, their force would be invincible, but that by disunion and discord they would enfeeble each other, and render their dominion of small continuance.

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refine	1	w	3110
it	28	w	3112
from	2	w	3116
the	65	w	3119
gross	1	w	3124
and	28	w	3127
earthy	1	w	3133
part	2	w	3137
so	11	w	3140
the	66	w	3143
Laconic	1	w	3150
way	2	w	3153
of	31	w	3155
speech	2	w	3161
has	4	w	3164
nothing	1	w	3171
of	32	w	3173
bark	1	w	3177
upon	4	w	3181
it	29	w	3183
but	3	w	3187
by	10	w	3189
cutting	1	w	3196
off	3	w	3199
all	8	w	3202
superfluity	1	w	3213
of	34	w	3215
words	2	w	3220
it	31	w	3223
becomes	1	w	3230
steeled	1	w	3237
and	29	w	3240
sharpened	1	w	3249
to	37	w	3251
pierce	1	w	3257
the	67	w	3260
understanding	1	w	3273
of	35	w	3275
the	68	w	3278
hearers	1	w	3285
So	1	w	3288
their	10	w	3293
consciousness	1	w	3306
of	36	w	3308
language	2	w	3316
so	12	w	3319
ready	2	w	3324
to	38	w	3326
turn	3	w	3330
the	70	w	3333
edge	1	w	3337
to	39	w	3339
all	9	w	3342
manner	1	w	3348
of	37	w	3350
questions	1	w	3359
became	1	w	3366
natural	1	w	3373
by	11	w	3375
their	11	w	3380
extraordinary	1	w	3393
practice	2	w	3401
of	38	w	3403
silence	3	w	3410
And	3	w	3414
therefore	3	w	3423
it	32	w	3425
would	3	w	3430
be	23	w	3432
very	2	w	3436
expedient	1	w	3445
for	10	w	3448
persons	1	w	3455
so	14	w	3457
much	6	w	3461
given	1	w	3466
to	40	w	3468
talk	2	w	3472
always	2	w	3479
to	41	w	3481
have	2	w	3485
before	2	w	3491
their	12	w	3496
eyes	1	w	3500
the	74	w	3503
short	2	w	3508
and	31	w	3511
pithy	1	w	3516
sayings	1	w	3523
of	39	w	3525
those	4	w	3530
people	2	w	3536
were	4	w	3541
it	34	w	3543
only	1	w	3547
to	42	w	3549
let	1	w	3552
them	5	w	3556
see	2	w	3559
the	76	w	3562
force	1	w	3567
and	32	w	3570
gravity	1	w	3577
which	2	w	3582
they	10	w	3586
contain	1	w	3593
For	6	w	3597
example	2	w	3604
The	3	w	3608
Lacedaemonians	1	w	3622
to	43	w	3624
Philip	1	w	3630
Dionysius	1	w	3640
in	49	w	3642
Corinth	1	w	3649
And	4	w	3653
when	2	w	3657
Philip	2	w	3663
wrote	1	w	3668
thus	1	w	3672
to	44	w	3674
the	78	w	3677
Spartans	1	w	3685
If	2	w	3688
once	2	w	3692
I	5	w	3693
enter	1	w	3698
into	4	w	3702
your	1	w	3706
territories	1	w	3717
I	6	w	3719
will	4	w	3723
destroy	1	w	3730
ye	4	w	3732
all	10	w	3735
never	1	w	3741
to	47	w	3743
rise	1	w	3747
again	1	w	3752
they	11	w	3757
answered	1	w	3765
him	4	w	3768
with	7	w	3772
the	80	w	3775
single	1	w	3781
word	3	w	3785
If	3	w	3788
To	2	w	3791
King	1	w	3795
Demetrius	1	w	3804
exclaiming	1	w	3814
in	56	w	3816
a	252	w	3817
great	3	w	3822
rage	1	w	3826
What	1	w	3831
have	3	w	3836
the	81	w	3839
Spartans	2	w	3847
sent	3	w	3851
me	19	w	3853
but	4	w	3856
one	4	w	3859
ambassador	1	w	3869
the	82	w	3873
ambassador	2	w	3883
nothing	2	w	3890
terrified	1	w	3899
replied	1	w	3906
Yes	1	w	3910
one	5	w	3914
to	48	w	3916
one	6	w	3919
Certainly	1	w	3929
they	12	w	3933
that	15	w	3937
spoke	1	w	3942
short	3	w	3947
and	33	w	3950
concisely	1	w	3959
were	6	w	3963
much	7	w	3967
admired	3	w	3974
by	12	w	3976
the	84	w	3979
ancients	1	w	3987
Therefore	1	w	3997
the	85	w	4000
Amphictyons	1	w	4011
gave	1	w	4015
order	1	w	4020
not	7	w	4024
that	16	w	4028
the	86	w	4031
Iliad	1	w	4036
or	56	w	4038
the	87	w	4041
Odyssey	1	w	4048
or	57	w	4050
Pindar	1	w	4056
s	279	w	4058
paeans	1	w	4064
should	2	w	4070
be	25	w	4072
written	1	w	4079
upon	5	w	4083
Pythian	1	w	4090
Apollo	1	w	4096
s	282	w	4098
temple	1	w	4104
but	5	w	4108
Know	1	w	4112
thyself	2	w	4119
Nothing	1	w	4127
too	1	w	4130
much	8	w	4134
Give	1	w	4139
sureties	1	w	4147
and	34	w	4151
mischief	1	w	4159
is	36	w	4161
at	44	w	4163
hand	2	w	4167
So	2	w	4170
much	9	w	4174
did	1	w	4177
they	13	w	4181
admire	4	w	4187
conciseness	1	w	4198
of	40	w	4200
speech	3	w	4206
comprehending	1	w	4220
full	1	w	4224
sense	2	w	4229
in	62	w	4231
so	15	w	4233
much	10	w	4237
brevity	1	w	4244
made	1	w	4249
solid	1	w	4254
as	27	w	4256
it	40	w	4258
were	7	w	4262
by	13	w	4264
the	89	w	4267
force	2	w	4272
of	41	w	4274
a	283	w	4275
hammer	1	w	4281
Does	1	w	4286
not	8	w	4289
the	90	w	4292
Deity	1	w	4297
himself	3	w	4304
study	2	w	4309
compendious	2	w	4320
utterance	1	w	4329
in	63	w	4331
the	91	w	4334
delivery	2	w	4342
of	42	w	4344
his	11	w	4347
oracles	1	w	4354
Is	1	w	4357
he	111	w	4359
not	9	w	4362
therefore	4	w	4371
called	1	w	4377
Loxias	1	w	4383
The	5	w	4387
name	2	w	4391
Loxias	2	w	4397
is	39	w	4399
usually	1	w	4406
derived	1	w	4413
from	3	w	4417
λοξός	1	w	4422
indirect	1	w	4431
G	2	w	4434
because	1	w	4443
he	114	w	4445
avoids	1	w	4451
rather	2	w	4457
loquacity	1	w	4466
than	4	w	4470
obscurity	1	w	4479
Are	1	w	4483
not	10	w	4486
they	14	w	4490
that	17	w	4494
signify	1	w	4501
their	13	w	4506
meaning	1	w	4513
by	14	w	4515
certain	2	w	4522
signs	1	w	4527
without	2	w	4535
words	3	w	4540
in	67	w	4543
great	4	w	4548
admiration	1	w	4558
and	36	w	4561
highly	1	w	4567
applauded	1	w	4576
Thus	1	w	4580
Heraclitus	1	w	4590
being	3	w	4596
desired	1	w	4603
by	15	w	4605
his	12	w	4608
fellow-citizens	2	w	4623
to	50	w	4625
give	4	w	4629
them	6	w	4633
his	13	w	4636
opinion	1	w	4643
concerning	1	w	4653
Concord	1	w	4660
ascended	1	w	4669
the	97	w	4672
public	2	w	4678
pulpit	1	w	4684
and	37	w	4688
taking	1	w	4694
a	310	w	4695
cup	1	w	4698
of	43	w	4700
cold	1	w	4704
water	1	w	4709
into	5	w	4713
his	14	w	4716
hand	3	w	4720
first	3	w	4726
sprinkled	1	w	4735
it	48	w	4737
with	9	w	4741
a	313	w	4742
little	1	w	4748
flour	1	w	4753
then	3	w	4758
stirring	1	w	4766
it	51	w	4768
with	10	w	4772
a	314	w	4773
sprig	1	w	4778
of	44	w	4780
pennyroyal	1	w	4790
drank	1	w	4796
it	53	w	4798
off	4	w	4801
and	39	w	4805
so	17	w	4807
came	2	w	4811
don	2	w	4814
again	2	w	4819
intimating	1	w	4830
thereby	3	w	4837
that	18	w	4842
if	6	w	4844
men	4	w	4847
would	4	w	4852
but	6	w	4855
be	28	w	4857
contented	1	w	4866
with	11	w	4870
what	5	w	4874
was	4	w	4877
next	1	w	4881
at	53	w	4883
hand	4	w	4887
without	3	w	4895
longing	1	w	4902
after	1	w	4907
dainties	1	w	4915
and	41	w	4918
superfluities	1	w	4931
it	57	w	4934
would	5	w	4939
be	29	w	4941
an	72	w	4943
easy	1	w	4947
thing	4	w	4952
for	16	w	4955
cities	1	w	4961
to	52	w	4963
live	4	w	4967
in	81	w	4969
peace	1	w	4974
and	42	w	4977
concord	1	w	4984
one	7	w	4987
with	13	w	4991
another	2	w	4998
Scilurus	1	w	5007
king	3	w	5012
of	46	w	5014
the	101	w	5017
Scythians	1	w	5026
left	1	w	5031
fourscore	1	w	5040
sons	2	w	5044
behind	1	w	5050
him	6	w	5053
who	5	w	5057
when	3	w	5062
he	125	w	5064
found	2	w	5069
the	102	w	5072
hour	1	w	5076
of	47	w	5078
death	1	w	5083
approaching	1	w	5094
ordered	1	w	5102
them	7	w	5106
to	53	w	5108
bring	1	w	5113
him	7	w	5116
a	339	w	5117
bundle	1	w	5123
of	48	w	5125
small	2	w	5130
javelins	1	w	5138
and	43	w	5142
then	4	w	5146
commanded	1	w	5155
every	1	w	5160
one	8	w	5163
singly	1	w	5169
to	54	w	5171
try	1	w	5174
whether	2	w	5181
lie	3	w	5184
could	1	w	5189
break	1	w	5194
the	106	w	5197
bundle	2	w	5203
as	33	w	5206
it	60	w	5208
was	5	w	5211
tied	1	w	5216
up	12	w	5218
altogether	1	w	5228
which	3	w	5234
when	4	w	5238
they	15	w	5242
told	1	w	5246
him	8	w	5249
it	61	w	5251
was	6	w	5254
impossible	1	w	5264
for	17	w	5267
them	8	w	5271
to	57	w	5273
do	13	w	5275
he	136	w	5278
drew	1	w	5282
out	6	w	5285
the	110	w	5288
javelins	2	w	5296
one	9	w	5299
by	17	w	5301
one	10	w	5304
and	45	w	5308
brake	1	w	5313
them	9	w	5317
all	14	w	5320
himself	4	w	5327
with	14	w	5331
case	1	w	5335
thereby	4	w	5343
declaring	1	w	5352
that	19	w	5356
so	19	w	5359
long	2	w	5363
as	37	w	5365
they	16	w	5369
kept	1	w	5373
together	3	w	5381
united	1	w	5387
and	46	w	5390
in	90	w	5392
concord	2	w	5399
their	14	w	5405
force	3	w	5410
would	6	w	5415
be	31	w	5417
invincible	1	w	5427
but	7	w	5431
that	20	w	5435
by	19	w	5437
disunion	1	w	5445
and	47	w	5448
discord	1	w	5455
they	17	w	5459
would	7	w	5464
enfeeble	1	w	5472
each	1	w	5476
other	4	w	5481
and	48	w	5485
render	1	w	5491
their	15	w	5496
dominion	1	w	5504
of	49	w	5506
small	3	w	5511
continuance	1	w	5522