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The Obsolesence of Oracles (40-44)

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg092.perseus-eng3:40-44
Refs {'start': {'reference': '40', 'human_reference': 'Section 40'}, 'end': {'reference': '44', 'human_reference': 'Section 44'}}
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Souls therefore, all possessed of this power, which is innate but dim and hardly manifest, nevertheless oftentimes disclose its flower and radiance in

v.5.p.469
dreams, and some in the hour of death,[*] when the body becomes cleansed of all impurities and attains a temperament adapted to this end, a temperament through which the reasoning and thinking faculty of the souls is relaxed and released from their present state as they range amid the irrational and imaginative realms of the future. It is not true, as Euripides[*] says, that
The best of seers is he that guesses well;
no, the best of seers is the intelligent man, following the guidance of that in his soul which possesses sense and which, with the help of reasonable probability, leads him on his way. But that which foretells the future, like a tablet without writing, is both irrational and indeterminate in itself, but receptive of impressions and presentiments through what may be done to it, and inconsequently grasps at the future when it is farthest withdrawn from the present. Its withdrawal is brought about by a temperament and disposition of the body as it is subjected to a change which we call inspiration. Often the body of itself alone attains this disposition. Moreover the earth sends forth for men streams of many other potencies, some of them producing derangements, diseases, or deaths; others helpful, benignant, and beneficial, as is plain from the experience of persons who have come upon them. But the prophetic current and breath is most divine and holy, whether it issue by itself through the air or come in the company of
running waters; for when it is instilled into the body, it creates in souls an unaccustomed and unusual temperament, the peculiarity of which it is hard to describe with exactness, but analogy offers many comparisons. It is likely that by warmth and diffusion it opens up certain passages through which impressions of the future are transmitted, just as wine, when its fumes rise to the head, reveals many unusual movements and also words stored away and unperceived.
For Bacchic rout
And frenzied mind contain much prophecy,
according to Euripides,[*] when the soul becomes hot and fiery, and throws aside the caution that human intelligence lays upon it, and thus often diverts and extinguishes the inspiration.

At the same time one might assert, not without reason, that a dryness engendered with the heat subtilizes the spirit of prophecy and renders it ethereal and pure; for this is the dry soul, as Heracleitus has it.[*] Moisture not only dulls sight and hearing, but when it touches mirrors and combines with air, it takes away their brightness and sheen.[*] But again the very opposite of this may not be impossible: that by a sort of chilling and compacting of the spirit of inspiration the prophetic element in the soul, as when steel is dipped in cold water, is rendered tense and keen. And further, just as tin

when alloyed with copper, which is loose and porous in texture, binds it together and compacts it,[*] and at the same time makes it brighter and cleaner, even so there is nothing to prevent the prophetic vapour, which contains some affinity and relationship to souls, from filling up the vacant spaces and cementing all together by fitting itself in. For one thing has affinity and adaptability for one thing, another for another, just as the bean[*] seems to further the dyeing of purple and sodium carbonate[*] that of scarlet, when mixed with the dye;
All in the linen is blended the splendour of glorious scarlet,
as Empedocles[*] has said. But regarding the Cydnus and the sacred sword of Apollo in Tarsus we used to hear you say, my dear Demetrius, that the Cydnus will cleanse no steel but that, and no other water will cleanse that sword. There is a similar phenomenon at Olympia, where they pile the ashes against the altar and make them adhere all around by pouring on them water from the Alpheius; but, although they have tried the waters of other rivers, there is none with which they can make the ashes cohere and stay fixed in their place.

It is not, therefore, anything to excite amazement if, although the earth sends up many streams, it is only such as these that dispose souls to inspiration and impressions of the future. Certainly the voice of legend also is in accord with my statement;

for they record that here the power hovering about this spot was first made manifest when a certain shepherd fell in by accident and later gave forth inspired utterances, which those who came into contact with him at first treated with disdain; but later, when what he had foretold came to pass, they were amazed. The most learned of the people of Delphi still preserve the tradition of his name, which they say was Coretas. But I incline most to the opinion that the soul acquires towards the prophetic spirit a close and intimate connexion of the sort that vision has towards light, which possesses similar properties. For, although the eye has the power of vision, there is no function for it to perform without light[*]; and so the prophetic power of the soul, like an eye, has need of something kindred to help to kindle it and stimulate it further. Hence many among earlier generations regarded Apollo and the Sun as one and the same god; but those who understood and respected fair and wise analogy conjectured that as body is to soul, vision to intellect, and light to truth, so is the power of the sun to the nature of Apollo; and they would make it appear that the sun is his offspring and progeny, being for ever born of him that is for ever. For the sun kindles and promotes and helps to keep in activity the power of vision in our perceptive senses, just as the god does for the power of prophecy in the soul.

Those, however, who had reached the conclusion that the two are one and the same god very naturally dedicated the oracle to Apollo and Earth in common, thinking that the sun creates the disposition and temperament in the earth from which the prophet-inspiring

vapours are wafted forth. As Hesiod,[*] then, with a better understanding than some philosophers, spoke of the Earth itself as
Of All the unshaken foundation,
so we believe it to be everlasting and imperishable. But in the case of the powers associated with the earth it is reasonable that there should come to pass disappearances in one place and generation in another place, and elsewrhere shifting of location and, from some other source, changes in current,[*] and that such cycles should complete many revolutions within it in the whole course of time, as we may judge from what happens before our eyes. For in the case of lakes and rivers, and even more frequently in hot springs, there have occurred disappearances and complete extinction in some places, and in others a stealing away, as it were, and sinking under ground[*]; later they came back, appearing after a time in the same places or flowing out from below somewhere near. We know also of the exhaustion of mines, some of which have given out recently, as for example the silver mines of Attica and the copper ore in Euboea from which the cold-forged sword-blades used to be wrought, as Aeschylus[*] has said,
Euboean sword, self-sharpened, in his hand.
And it is no long time since the rock in Euboea ceased to yield, among its other products, soft petrous
filaments like yarn.[*] I think some of you have seen towels, nets, and womens head-coverings from there, which cannot be burned by fire; but if any become soiled by use, their owners throw them into a blazing fire and take them out bright and clear. To-day all this has disappeared, and there are scarcely any attenuated fibres or hairs, as it were, running through the mines.

And yet the school of Aristotle[*] would make it appear that exhalation is the author of all these changes that have taken place in the earth, and that things of this nature must of necessity follow with it in disappearing, changing their locality, and bursting forth once more in full vigour. Plainly the same sober opinion is to be held regarding the spirits that inspire prophecy; the power that they possess is not everlasting and ageless, but is subject to changes. For excessive rains most likely extinguish them, and they probably are dispersed by thunderbolts, and especially, when the earth is shaken beneath by an earthquake and suffers subsidence and ruinous confusion in its depths, the exhalations shift their site or find completely blind outlets, as in this place they say that there are still traces of that great earthquake which overthrew the city. And in Orchomenos they relate that a pestilence raged and many persons died of it, and the oracle of Teiresias become altogether obsolescent and even to this day remains idle and mute. And if a like fate has befallen those in Cilicia, as we have been told, there is nobody, Demetrius, who could give us more certain information than you.

Souls 1 w 5
therefore 1 w 14
all 1 w 18
possessed 1 w 27
of 1 w 29
this 1 w 33
power 1 w 38
which 1 w 44
is 2 w 46
innate 1 w 52
but 1 w 55
dim 1 w 58
and 1 w 61
hardly 1 w 67
manifest 1 w 75
nevertheless 1 w 88
oftentimes 1 w 98
disclose 1 w 106
its 1 w 109
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and 2 w 118
radiance 1 w 126
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dreams 1 w 134
and 3 w 138
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in 3 w 144
the 3 w 147
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of 3 w 153
death 1 w 158
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Plato 1 w 167
Apology 1 w 175
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b 2 w 179
when 1 w 184
the 4 w 187
body 1 w 191
becomes 1 w 198
cleansed 1 w 206
of 4 w 208
all 2 w 211
impurities 1 w 221
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temperament 1 w 243
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to 2 w 252
this 2 w 256
end 1 w 259
a 22 w 261
temperament 2 w 272
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which 2 w 284
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thinking 1 w 307
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Moralia 1 w 506
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that 1 w 527
The 1 w 530
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that 2 w 549
guesses 1 w 556
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the 12 w 583
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both 1 w 776
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and 9 w 789
indeterminate 1 w 802
in 15 w 804
itself 1 w 810
but 2 w 814
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of 11 w 825
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and 10 w 839
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brought 1 w 973
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and 12 w 995
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a 83 w 1033
change 1 w 1039
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call 1 w 1050
inspiration 1 w 1061
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plain 1 w 1267
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experience 1 w 1284
of 16 w 1286
persons 1 w 1293
who 1 w 1296
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upon 1 w 1308
them 2 w 1312
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the 27 w 1319
prophetic 1 w 1328
current 1 w 1335
and 14 w 1338
breath 1 w 1344
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divine 1 w 1356
and 15 w 1359
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whether 1 w 1371
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the 29 w 1396
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the 30 w 1410
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describe 1 w 1556
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exactness 1 w 1569
but 3 w 1573
analogy 1 w 1580
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and 17 w 1627
diffusion 1 w 1636
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certain 1 w 1652
passages 1 w 1660
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which 8 w 1672
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of 20 w 1685
the 33 w 1688
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are 1 w 1697
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as 11 w 1715
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and 18 w 1776
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and 19 w 1798
unperceived 1 w 1809
For 1 w 1813
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And 1 w 1827
frenzied 1 w 1835
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contain 1 w 1846
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prophecy 1 w 1858
according 1 w 1868
to 10 w 1870
Euripides 3 w 1879
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298 1 w 1891
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the 35 w 1899
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hot 1 w 1913
and 20 w 1916
fiery 1 w 1921
and 21 w 1925
throw 1 w 1930
s 148 w 1932
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the 36 w 1940
caution 1 w 1947
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it 26 w 1978
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and 23 w 2001
extinguishes 1 w 2013
the 37 w 2016
inspiration 2 w 2027
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the 38 w 2033
same 1 w 2037
time 3 w 2041
one 3 w 2044
might 1 w 2049
assert 1 w 2055
not 2 w 2059
without 2 w 2066
reason 3 w 2072
that 7 w 2077
a 158 w 2078
dryness 1 w 2085
engendered 1 w 2095
with 7 w 2099
the 39 w 2102
heat 1 w 2106
subtilizes 1 w 2116
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spirit 1 w 2125
of 22 w 2127
prophecy 2 w 2135
and 24 w 2138
renders 1 w 2145
it 30 w 2147
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and 25 w 2158
pure 1 w 2162
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is 29 w 2172
the 42 w 2175
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as 15 w 2185
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it 32 w 2201
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best 3 w 2216
and 26 w 2220
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the 43 w 2235
dictum 1 w 2241
of 23 w 2243
Heracleitus 2 w 2254
which 9 w 2260
is 33 w 2262
often 3 w 2267
quoted 1 w 2273
see 3 w 2277
Diels 1 w 2282
Frag 2 w 2287
der 4 w 2291
Vorsokratiker 1 w 2304
i 178 w 2306
p 52 w 2308
100 1 w 2312
Heracleitus 3 w 2324
no 5 w 2327
b 31 w 2329
118 1 w 2332
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also 2 w 2340
Moralia 2 w 2347
995 1 w 2351
e 269 w 2352
and 27 w 2356
Life 1 w 2360
of 25 w 2362
Romulus 1 w 2369
chap 1 w 2374
xxviii 1 w 2381
36 1 w 2385
a 176 w 2386
Moisture 1 w 2396
not 3 w 2399
only 1 w 2403
dulls 1 w 2408
sight 1 w 2413
and 28 w 2416
hearing 1 w 2423
but 4 w 2427
when 6 w 2431
it 35 w 2433
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mirrors 1 w 2447
and 29 w 2450
combines 1 w 2458
with 8 w 2462
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it 37 w 2468
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their 2 w 2482
brightness 1 w 2492
and 30 w 2495
sheen 1 w 2500
Cf 4 w 2503
Plutarch 1 w 2512
Moralia 3 w 2520
736 1 w 2524
a-b 1 w 2527
But 3 w 2531
again 1 w 2536
the 45 w 2539
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of 26 w 2553
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that 8 w 2580
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a 193 w 2583
sort 1 w 2587
of 27 w 2589
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and 31 w 2600
compacting 1 w 2610
of 28 w 2612
the 46 w 2615
spirit 2 w 2621
of 29 w 2623
inspiration 3 w 2634
the 47 w 2637
prophetic 2 w 2646
element 1 w 2653
in 41 w 2655
the 48 w 2658
soul 7 w 2662
as 17 w 2665
when 7 w 2669
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is 36 w 2676
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in 42 w 2684
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is 37 w 2696
rendered 1 w 2704
tense 1 w 2709
and 32 w 2712
keen 1 w 2716
And 2 w 2720
further 1 w 2727
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as 18 w 2734
tin 4 w 2737
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alloyed 1 w 2748
with 9 w 2752
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which 10 w 2764
is 38 w 2766
loose 1 w 2771
and 33 w 2774
porous 1 w 2780
in 44 w 2782
texture 1 w 2789
binds 1 w 2795
it 41 w 2797
together 1 w 2805
and 34 w 2808
compacts 1 w 2816
it 42 w 2818
Cf 5 w 2821
Aristotle 1 w 2831
De 1 w 2834
Generatione 1 w 2845
Animalium 1 w 2854
ii 3 w 2857
8 3 w 2859
747 1 w 2863
a 207 w 2864
34 1 w 2866
and 35 w 2871
at 32 w 2873
the 51 w 2876
same 2 w 2880
time 4 w 2884
makes 1 w 2889
it 43 w 2891
brighter 1 w 2899
and 36 w 2902
cleaner 1 w 2909
even 1 w 2914
so 19 w 2916
there 3 w 2921
is 40 w 2923
nothing 1 w 2930
to 14 w 2932
prevent 1 w 2939
the 53 w 2942
prophetic 3 w 2951
vapour 1 w 2957
which 11 w 2963
contains 1 w 2971
some 3 w 2975
affinity 1 w 2983
and 37 w 2986
relationship 1 w 2998
to 15 w 3000
souls 3 w 3005
from 4 w 3010
filling 1 w 3017
up 5 w 3019
the 54 w 3022
vacant 1 w 3028
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and 38 w 3037
cementing 1 w 3046
all 5 w 3049
together 2 w 3057
by 5 w 3059
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itself 4 w 3072
in 52 w 3074
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one 5 w 3081
thing 2 w 3086
has 2 w 3089
affinity 2 w 3097
and 39 w 3100
adaptability 1 w 3112
for 7 w 3115
one 6 w 3118
thing 3 w 3123
another 1 w 3131
for 8 w 3134
another 2 w 3141
just 3 w 3146
as 20 w 3148
the 58 w 3151
bean 1 w 3155
Cf 6 w 3157
H 4 w 3159
Blümner 1 w 3167
Gewerbe 1 w 3175
und 1 w 3178
Künste 1 w 3184
bei 1 w 3187
Griechen 1 w 3195
und 2 w 3198
Römern 1 w 3204
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1875 1 w 3217
i 259 w 3220
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seems 1 w 3230
to 17 w 3232
further 2 w 3239
the 60 w 3242
dyeing 1 w 3248
of 30 w 3250
purple 1 w 3256
and 40 w 3259
sodium 1 w 3265
carbonate 1 w 3274
Ibid 1 w 3278
238 1 w 3282
that 9 w 3287
of 31 w 3289
scarlet 1 w 3296
when 9 w 3301
mixed 1 w 3306
with 10 w 3310
the 61 w 3313
dye 2 w 3316
All 1 w 3320
in 57 w 3322
the 62 w 3325
linen 1 w 3330
is 41 w 3332
blended 1 w 3339
the 63 w 3342
splendour 1 w 3351
of 32 w 3353
glorious 1 w 3361
scarlet 2 w 3368
as 21 w 3371
Empedocles 1 w 3381
Cf 7 w 3383
Diels 2 w 3389
Frag 3 w 3394
der 6 w 3398
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i 271 w 3413
p 81 w 3415
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Empedocles 2 w 3430
no 11 w 3433
b 49 w 3435
93 1 w 3437
has 3 w 3441
said 1 w 3445
But 4 w 3449
regarding 1 w 3458
the 64 w 3461
Cydnus 1 w 3467
and 41 w 3470
the 65 w 3473
sacred 1 w 3479
sword 1 w 3484
of 33 w 3486
Apollo 1 w 3492
in 60 w 3494
Tarsus 1 w 3500
we 6 w 3502
used 1 w 3506
to 18 w 3508
hear 2 w 3512
you 1 w 3515
say 2 w 3518
my 1 w 3521
dear 1 w 3525
Demetrius 1 w 3534
that 10 w 3539
the 66 w 3542
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will 1 w 3552
cleanse 2 w 3559
no 12 w 3561
steel 2 w 3566
but 5 w 3569
that 11 w 3573
and 42 w 3577
no 13 w 3579
other 5 w 3584
water 3 w 3589
will 2 w 3593
cleanse 3 w 3600
that 12 w 3604
sword 2 w 3609
There 1 w 3615
is 42 w 3617
a 259 w 3618
similar 1 w 3625
phenomenon 1 w 3635
at 41 w 3637
Olympia 1 w 3644
where 1 w 3650
they 2 w 3654
pile 1 w 3658
the 69 w 3661
ashes 1 w 3666
against 1 w 3673
the 70 w 3676
altar 1 w 3681
and 43 w 3684
make 2 w 3688
them 3 w 3692
adhere 1 w 3698
all 6 w 3701
around 1 w 3707
by 6 w 3709
pouring 1 w 3716
on 33 w 3718
them 4 w 3722
water 4 w 3727
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the 73 w 3734
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but 6 w 3746
although 1 w 3755
they 3 w 3759
have 2 w 3763
tried 1 w 3768
the 75 w 3771
waters 2 w 3777
of 34 w 3779
other 6 w 3784
rivers 1 w 3790
there 4 w 3796
is 43 w 3798
none 1 w 3802
with 11 w 3806
which 12 w 3811
they 4 w 3815
can 2 w 3818
make 3 w 3822
the 79 w 3825
ashes 2 w 3830
cohere 1 w 3836
and 44 w 3839
stay 1 w 3843
fixed 1 w 3848
in 63 w 3850
their 3 w 3855
place 1 w 3860
It 4 w 3863
is 44 w 3865
not 8 w 3868
therefore 2 w 3878
anything 1 w 3887
to 19 w 3889
excite 1 w 3895
amazement 1 w 3904
if 4 w 3906
although 2 w 3915
the 82 w 3918
earth 2 w 3923
sends 2 w 3928
up 6 w 3930
many 4 w 3934
streams 2 w 3941
it 52 w 3944
is 45 w 3946
only 2 w 3950
such 1 w 3954
as 25 w 3956
these 1 w 3961
that 13 w 3965
dispose 1 w 3972
souls 4 w 3977
to 20 w 3979
inspiration 4 w 3990
and 45 w 3993
impressions 3 w 4004
of 35 w 4006
the 84 w 4009
future 5 w 4015
Certainly 1 w 4025
the 85 w 4028
voice 1 w 4033
of 36 w 4035
legend 1 w 4041
also 3 w 4045
is 47 w 4047
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