σοφία
σοφία, Ion.
-ιη, ἡ, prop.
A). cleverness or
skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry,
τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ ς.
Il. 15.412 ; of the Telchines,
Pi. O. 7.53 ;
ἡ ἔντεχνος ς., of Hephaestus and Athena,
Pl. Prt. 32 1d ; of Daedalus and Palamedes,
X. Mem. 4.2.33 , cf.
1.4.2 ; in music and singing,
τέχνῃ καὶ ς.
h.Merc. 483 , cf.
511 ; in poetry,
Sol. 13.52 ,
Pi. O. 1.117 ,
Ar. Ra. 882 ,
X. An. 1.2.8 , etc.; in driving,
Pl. Thg. 123c ; in medicine or surgery,
Pi. P. 3.54 ; in divination,
S. OT 502 (lyr.);
δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Pl. R. 406b ;
ς. δημηγορική, δικανική, ib.
365d ;
ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου ς.
Id. Ion 542a ;
οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id. Ap. 22b ;
σημαίνοντες τὴν ς .. ., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist. EN 1141a12 : rare in pl.,
Pi. O. 9.107 ,
Ar. Ra. 676 (lyr.),
IG 12.522 (vase, v B.C.).
2). skill in matters of common life.
sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like
φρόνησις ,
Thgn. 790 ,
876 ,
1074 ,
Hdt. 1.30 ,
60 ;
ἡ τῶν δεινῶν ς., opp.
ἀμαθία,
Pl. Prt. 360d ;
τὴν τότε καλουμένην ς., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu. Them. 2 ; also,
cunning, shrewdness, craft,
Hdt. 1.68 , etc.;
τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ ς.
Pi. O. 9.38 .
3). learning, wisdom,
μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ’ ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Pl. Ap. 20e ; opp.
ἀμαθία, ib.
22e ; freq. in
E., e.g.
μόρσιμα .. οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Heracl. 615 (lyr.);
τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (v.
σοφός 1.3)
Ba. 395 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in
Arist.,
speculative wisdom, EN 1141a19 ,
Metaph. 982a2 ,
995b12 (pl.),
1059a18 ; defined as
θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη,
Stoic. 2.15 ; but also of
natural philosophy and mathematics,
ς. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist. Metaph. 1005b1 , cf.
1061b33 .
4). among the Jews,
ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου LXX Pr. 1.7 , cf.
Jb. 28.28 , al.;
Σοφία, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf.
LXX Pr. 8 with
Si. 24s q.
5). later as a title, ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν ς., POxy. 1165.6 , PSI 7.790.14 (both vi A.D.).
ShortDef
skill
Debugging
Headword (normalized):
σοφία
Headword (normalized/stripped):
σοφια
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-95635
Data
{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">σοφία</span>, Ion. <span class="foreign greek">-ιη,</span> <span class="gen greek">ἡ</span>, prop. <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">cleverness</span> or <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">skill</span> in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, <span class="foreign greek">τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ ς</span>. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:15:412" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:15.412/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 15.412 </a>; of the Telchines, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:53" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.53/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">O.</span> 7.53 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">ἡ ἔντεχνος ς</span>., of Hephaestus and Athena, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:32" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:32/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Prt.</span> 32 </a> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:1d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:1d/canonical-url/"> 1d </a>; of Daedalus and Palamedes, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4:2:33" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4:2:33/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 4.2.33 </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:4:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:4:2/canonical-url/"> 1.4.2 </a>; in music and singing, <span class="foreign greek">τέχνῃ καὶ ς</span>. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg004.perseus-grc1:483" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg004.perseus-grc1:483/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">h.Merc.</span> 483 </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg004.perseus-grc1:511" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg004.perseus-grc1:511/canonical-url/"> 511 </a>; in poetry, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0263.tlg001:13:52" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0263.tlg001:13.52/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sol.</span> 13.52 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:117" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.117/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">O.</span> 1.117 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009.perseus-grc1:882" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009.perseus-grc1:882/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ra.</span> 882 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1:2:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1:2:8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 1.2.8 </a>, etc.; in driving, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg017:123c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg017:123c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Thg.</span> 123c </a>; in medicine or surgery, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3:54" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3.54/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">P.</span> 3.54 </a>; in divination, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:502" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:502/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">OT</span> 502 </a> (lyr.); <span class="quote greek">δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:406b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:406b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 406b </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">ς. δημηγορική, δικανική</span>, ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:365d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:365d/canonical-url/"> 365d </a>; <span class="foreign greek">ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου ς</span>. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg027:542a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg027:542a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ion</span> 542a </a>; <span class="quote greek">οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:22b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:22b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ap.</span> 22b </a> ; <span class="quote greek">σημαίνοντες τὴν ς .. ., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1141a:12" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1141a.12/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">EN</span> 1141a12 </a> : rare in pl., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9:107" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9.107/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">O.</span> 9.107 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009.perseus-grc1:676" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009.perseus-grc1:676/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ra.</span> 676 </a> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">IG</span> 12.522 </span> (vase, v B.C.). </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">skill</span> in matters of common life. <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom</span>, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like <span class="ref greek">φρόνησις</span> , <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Thgn.</span> 790 </span>,<span class="bibl"> 876 </span>,<span class="bibl"> 1074 </span>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:30" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.30/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 1.30 </a>,<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:60" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:60/canonical-url/"> 60 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">ἡ τῶν δεινῶν ς</span>., opp.<span class="foreign greek">ἀμαθία</span>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:360d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:360d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Prt.</span> 360d </a>; <span class="foreign greek">τὴν τότε καλουμένην ς., οὖσαν δὲ</span> <span class="quote greek">δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg010:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg010:2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Them.</span> 2 </a> ; also, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">cunning, shrewdness, craft</span>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:68" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.68/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 1.68 </a>, etc.; <span class="foreign greek">τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ ς</span>. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9:38" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9.38/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">O.</span> 9.38 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">learning, wisdom</span>, <span class="quote greek">μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ’ ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:20e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:20e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ap.</span> 20e </a> ; opp. <span class="foreign greek">ἀμαθία</span>, ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:22e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:22e/canonical-url/"> 22e </a>; freq. in <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span></span>, e.g. <span class="quote greek">μόρσιμα .. οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg004.perseus-grc1:615" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg004.perseus-grc1:615/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Heracl.</span> 615 </a> (lyr.); <span class="foreign greek">τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία</span> (v. <span class="quote greek">σοφός</span> 1.3) <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg017.perseus-grc1:395" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg017.perseus-grc1:395/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ba.</span> 395 </a> (lyr.), etc.; freq. in <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span></span>, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">speculative wisdom, EN</span> <span class="bibl"> 1141a19 </span>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:982a:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:982a.2/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Metaph.</span> 982a2 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:995b:12" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:995b.12/canonical-url/"> 995b12 </a> (pl.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1059a:18" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1059a.18/canonical-url/"> 1059a18 </a>; defined as <span class="foreign greek">θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη</span>, <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Stoic.</span> 2.15 </span>; but also of <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">natural philosophy and mathematics</span>, <span class="quote greek">ς. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1005b:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1005b.1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Metaph.</span> 1005b1 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1061b:33" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg025.perseus-grc1:1061b.33/canonical-url/"> 1061b33 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> among the Jews, <span class="quote greek">ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg029:1:7" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg029:1.7/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">LXX</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 1.7 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg032:28:28" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg032:28.28/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Jb.</span> 28.28 </a>, al.; <span class="foreign greek">Σοφία</span>, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg029:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg029:8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">LXX</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 8 </a> with <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg034:24s" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg034:24s/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Si.</span> 24s </a>q. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>5).</strong></span> later as a title, <span class="foreign greek">ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν ς</span>., <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">POxy.</span> 1165.6 </span>, <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">PSI</span> 7.790.14 </span> (both vi A.D.).</div> </div><br><br>'}