A). in early Greek only Med. πονέομαι, inf. -έεσθαι Il. 10.116 : impf. ἐπονεῖτο, Ep. πονεῖτο 9.12 : fut. πονήσομαι 23.159 , Hp. Mul. 1.4 , later πονέσομαι Luc. Asin. 9 : aor. ἐπονησάμην, Ep. πονήσατο Il. 9.348 ,(δια-) Pl. Lg. 966c , X. Eq. 5.10 ; ἐπονήθην f.l. in E. Hel. 1509 (lyr.),(δια-) Isoc. 15.267 : pf. πεπόνημαι, Ion. 3 pl.— -έαται Hdt. 2.63 , Ep. -ήαται Arat. 82 , Att. -ηνται Pl. Phlb. 58e : plpf. πεπόνητο Il. 15.447 , Ep. 3 pl. -ήατο A.R. 2.263 :

I). abs., work hard, ὡς ἐπονεῖτο Il. 2.409 ; ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος he ought to suffer toil in praying, 10.117 ; ὅπλα .. , τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο with which he did his work, of Hephaestus, 18.413 , cf. Od. 16.13 ; περὶ δόρπα .. πονέοντο were busied about their supper, Il. 24.444 , cf. Hdt. 2.63 , Pl. Phlb. 58e ; so πεπόνητο καθ’ ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, Il. 15.447 ; πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην were toiling in the fight, 5.84 , etc.; hence πονεῖσθαι alone = μάχεσθαι , 4.374 , 13.288 ; π. τινός to be busy with .. , Arat. 82 , cf. 758 .

2). suffer from illness, be sick, Th. 2.51 .

II). c. acc., work hard at, make or do with pains or care, τύμβον Il. 23.245 ; ταῦτ’ ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι 18.380 ; ὅπλα .. πονησάμενοι κατὰ νῆα Od. 11.9 ; πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα 9.250 , cf. Il. 9.348 , Hes. Op. 432 (sc. ἄροτρα) ; πονεύμενος ἕρκος ἀλωῆς Mosch. 4.100 ; πεπονήατο δαῖτα γέροντι A.R. 2.263 .

B). after Hom., the act. form πονέω prevails: fut. πονήσω A. Pr. 344 , Pl. R. 410b , Hp. Mul. 1.2 , 5 ; later πονέσω Arist. Mech. 856b9 , Lyr. Alex.Adesp. 37.3 , LXX Is. 19.10 , al., and in codd. of Hp. Aph. 4.32 : aor. ἐπόνησα, Dor. -ᾱσα, E. Hipp. 1369 (anap.), Pl. R. 462d , Hp. Acut. 46 , Theoc. 15.80 ; poet. πόνησα Pi. N. 7.36 ; later ἐπόνεσα LXX 1 Ki. 23.21 , al., Ph. Bel. 58.1 , al., Polyaen. 3.10.6 , etc., and in codd. of Hp. Coac. 489 , Morb. 1.4 , 14 : pf. πεπόνηκα Ar. Pax 820 , X. Cyr. 4.5.22 , Hp. Vict. 2.66 ; later πεπόνεκα PMich.Zen. 104.3 (iii B.C.): plpf. ἐπεπονήκει Th. 7.38 :— Pass., aor. ἐπονήθην (ἐξ-) Id. 6.31 ; Dor. subj. πονᾱθῇ Pi. O. 6.11 : pf. πεπόνημαι S. Tr. 985 (anap.), Pl. Phdr. 232a (v. infr. 1.3 ):

I). intr., toil, labour, περὶ λήϊον Hdt. 2.14 ; ἐς ἄκαιρα πονεῖν Thgn. 919 ; πόνει μετ’ εὐκλείας Anon ap. Stob. 3.1.173 = JHS 27.63 (Cyzicus, iv/iii B.C.); ἄλλως, μάτην π., labour in vain, S. OT 1151 , E. HF 501 : c.acc., τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην do not labour at .. , A. Pr. 44 ; ἀνήνυτα π. Pl. R. 531a : rarely of things, τίς .. αἶνος ἐπ’ ἀνδρὶ θείῳ .. πονήσει; A. Ag. 1550 (lyr., dub., leg. αἶνον).

2). c. acc. cogn., π. πόνον go through, suffer toil, Id. Pers. 682 , E. Hec. 779 , cf. S. Ph. 1419 , E. Hipp. 1369 (anap.), Pl. R. 410b , etc.; περὶ τῶν παθημάτων ὧν νοσέουσί τε καὶ πονέουσι Hp. VM 2 , etc.; ἅμιλλαν ποδοῖν E. IA 212 (lyr.); π. πολλά Id. Supp. 577 : with modal words, π. τινί suffer in or by a thing, Pi. N. 7.36 ; δίψῃ A. Pers. 484 ; ὑπὸ χειμῶνος Antipho 2.2.1 ; τῇ κυήσει Arist. HA 570b3 ; εἰρεσίᾳ Polyaen.l.c.: c.acc. partis, πεπόνηκα .. τὼ σκέλει mylegs ache, Ar. Pax 820 ; π. τὰς κεφαλάς, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὰ γόνατα, have a pain in .. , Arist. HA 557a10 , Pr. 959b21 , 882b25 : with modal dat. added, π. πλευρὰν πικρᾷ γλωχῖνι S. Tr. 681 : abs., labour under sickness, suffer, Hp. VM 8 ; suffer damage, ἅπαν ἂν συμπαθὲς ἦν ἑνὸς μορίου πονήσαντος Arist. PA 690b4 ; also, suffer pain, ἀεὶ π. τὸ ζῷον Anaxag.ap eund. EN 1154b7 ; of an army, to be hard-pressed, suffer, Th. 5.73 , X. Cyr. 1.4.21 , etc.; of ships, Th. 7.38 ; of implements, arms, etc., to be worn out, spoilt, or damaged, D. 18.194 , Plb. 3.49.11 , Inscr.Délos 442 B 204 , al. (ii B.C.); τὰ σπαρτία ἧττον πονέσει Arist. Mech. l.c.; ῥίζαι πεπονηκυῖαι Thphr. HP 3.7.1 ; of buildings, to be dilapidated, PEnteux. 6.3 (iii B.C.), etc.

3). Pass., impers., οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται, = πεπονήκασι , Pl. Phdr. 232a .

II). trans.,

1). c.acc. pers., afflict, distress, Pi. P. 4.151 , cj. in Anacreont. 33.14 :— Pass., to be afflicted or worn out, suffer greatly, πεπονημένος ὀδύναις S. Tr. 985 (anap.); πόλεως πονουμένης τῷ πολέμῳ Th. 4.59 ; τόν τε θνῄσκοντα καὶ τὸν πονούμενον Id. 2.51 .

b). Pass., to be trained or educated, δοκεῖ ὁ κατ’ ἀλήθειαν πολιτικὸς πεπονῆσθαι περὶ [τὴν ἀρετήν] Arist. EN 1102a8 ; πεπονημένην ἔχειν τὴν ἕξιν Id. Pol. 1335b8 , cf. Theoc. 13.14 ; πεπονημένον ὑπό μου though he owes his training to me, PCair.Zen. 378.16 (iii B.C.).

2). c. acc. rei, gain by toil or labour, [χρήματα] X. An. 7.6.41 :— Pass., to be won or achieved by toil, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ Pi. O. 6.11 , cf. P. 9.93 .

b). Pass., of meats, to be dressed, cooked, Ptol.Euerg. 9J. , Phld. Mort. 24 ; ἄρτος πεπονημένος specially prepared, Sor. 1.94 .—The rule of Choerob. in Theod. 2.137 H., EM 130.3 , that when πονέω means toil, the fut. and aor. are πονήσω, ἐπόνησα, when suffer pain, πονέσω, ἐπόνεσα, is not borne out by the examples (v. supr.).—The fut. Med. κατα-πονήσομαι is used as trans. by D.S. 11.15 ; so aor. Pass. πονήθη in IG 9(1).867.6 (Corc., vii/vi B.C.); and the intr. and trans. senses are united in Anacreont. 33.14 (cj.), 15 .