A). now, both of the present moment, and of the present time generally, οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν mortals of our day, Il. 1.272 ; so in Ion. and Att., οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι] men of the present day, Hdt. 1.68 ; οἵ γε ν. Pi. O. 1.105 , B. 5.4 , cf. Arist. Metaph. 1069a26 ; ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν, Th. 1.6 ; Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν. ib. 12 ; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος S. Tr. 174 , al., Pl. Prm. 141e ; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. S. OT 351 ; νὺξ ἡ ν. Id. Ant. 16 ; ἡ ν. ὁδός Id. El. 1295 ; τὸ ν. the present, Arist. Ph. 218a6 , al.; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. Pl. Prm. 152c , LXX Ge. 46.30 , etc.; ἀπὸ ν. AP 5.40 ( Rufin.); ἕως τοῦ ν. LXX Ge. 46.34 ; μέχρι ν. ( v.l. μ. τοῦ ν. ) D.S. 17.110 ; τὰ ν. simply, = ν. , Hdt. 7.104 , E. Heracl. 641 , etc.; τό περ ν. Pi. N. 7.101 ; τὰ δὲ ν. S. OC 133 (lyr.); τὸ ν. εἶναι Pl. R. 506e , X. Cyr. 5.3.42 , Arist. Ath. 31.2 ; τὸ ν. ἔχον Act.Ap. 24.25 .

2). of the immediate past, just now, but now, ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν Il. 3.439 , cf. 13.772 , Od. 1.43 , S. OC 84 , X. Cyr. 4.5.48 ; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας Pl. R. 341c ; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει D. 18.13 .

3). of the future, presently, ν. αὖτ’ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il. 5.279 , cf. 20.307 , Od. 1.200 ; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ’ ἁγνὸς ὤν E. El. 975 ; cf. νῦν δή, νυνί.

4). sts. opp. to what might have been under other circumstances, as it is (or was), as the case stands (or stood), as a matter offact, ν. δ’ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε Od. 1.166 ; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν .. ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. Th. 4.126 , cf. 1.122 , 3.113 , Pl. Cra. 384b , D. 18.195 , etc.; καὶ ν. even so, X. An. 7.4.24 , 7.7.17 .

5). coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε S. Ph. 245 , etc.; ν. γε μάν Pi. P. 1.50 ; ν. δή, v. h. v.: with other expressions of Time, ν.. . σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε, Il. 7.29 , 13.828 ; ν. ἤδη henceforth, S. Ant. 801 (anap.), etc.; ν.. . ἄρτι but now, Pl. Cra. 396c .

II). enclit. (but see below) νυν , νυ. [νυ only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in ὅνυ, q. v.); νῠν twice in Hom., Il. 10.105 , 23.485 : ῡ& in Trag.(ῡ A. Th. 242 , 246 , S. Ant. 705 , E. Or. 1678 , etc.; ῠ S. Tr. 92 , E. Andr. 91 , etc.), ῡ in Com.( Ar. V. 1381 , Pl. 975 , al.), exc. Cratin. 144 , Ar. Th. 105 (lyr., citing Agatho ), and perh. Nu. 141 ; both quantities in τοίνυν, q.v.]

1). rarely of Time, now, perh. so used in Il. 10.105 , cf. Parm. 19.1 , Pi. P. 11.44 , al., Epich. 170.6 .

2). in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ’ ἐπ’ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον Il. 1.382 , etc.: freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. 4.93 ; καί νύ κεν 3.373 ; οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι, 10.165 , 1.28 ; ἐπεί νύ τοι ib. 416 ; ὥς νύ περ 2.258 .

3). in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ’ 15.115 : freq. with other Advbs., δεῦρό ν. come now ! 23.485 ; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε A. Pr. 82 , cf. Ar. Th. 1001 , V. 149 , Pl. 724 ; εἶά ν. Id. Pax 467 , V. 430 , Pl. 316 : freq. with imper., φέρε ν. ib. 789 ; ἄγε ν. Id. Pax 1056 , V. 381 ; σπεῦδέ ν. Id. Pl. 414 ; σίγαν. S. Aj. 87 , Cratin.l.c.; περίδου ν. Ar. Nu. 644 , cf. X. Cyr. 5.3.21 , etc.; ὕφαινέ ν. B. 18.8 ; so in Boeot., ν. ἔνθω IG 7.3172.88 (Orchom.); also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, δυvάνοι ν., δώκοι ν., Inscr.Cypr. 135.6 , 16 H. (Idalion).

4). in questions, τίς ν.; τί ν.; who, what, why now? Il. 5.373 , 1.414 , 4.31 ; ἦ νυ ..; Od. 6.125 . [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr. 2.39 , al.; enclit. when short, sts. in codd., as Il. 23.485 (Pap. in AJP 21.304 , etc.; oxyt. when = δή , Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr. 2.27 ; καθ’ ὁμαλισμόν or κατ’ ἔγκλισιν when=δή, Sch. Ar. Pl. 414 , Sch. A.R. 1.664 ). In codd. usu. perispom. in both senses, A. Pr. 82 , Th. 242 , 246 , S. Ant. 705 , El. 324 , Ar. Pl. 414 , V. 758 , 922 , etc.; even νῠν is written νῦν in codd. vett. Pi. passim, also in S. Aj. 87 , Tr. 92 , etc.; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνῡ&ν perh. shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position : in signf. I νῦν can occupy any position ; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like ἄν, δέ, γάρ , etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός S. Ph. 468 , cf. OC 1333 ; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ’ ἤδη Id. Ph. 1177 (lyr.); μετά νυν δός E. Supp. 56 (lyr.); νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only δέ to precede.] (Cf. Skt. nú, n[umacracute], nūnám, O E. nū 'now', etc.)