A). stone, Hom., etc.; esp. of the stones thrown by warriors, τρηχὺς λ., λ. ὀκριόεις, Il. 5.308 , 8.327 ; also, stonequoit, Od. 8.190 ; ἑλέσθαι .. ἐκ γαίας λίθον A. Fr. 199.4 ; of building- stones, λίθοι βασιλικοί PSI 4.423.28 , PCair.Zen. 499.20 (both iii B.C.): prov., ἐν παντὶ γάρ τοι σκορπίος φρουρεῖ λίθῳ S. Fr. 37 ; λίθον ἕψειν 'to lose one's labour', Ar. V. 280 ; also of stupid persons, 'blockheads', λίθοι Id. Nu. 1202 , cf. Thgn. 568 , Pl. Hp.Ma. 292d , Gal. 9.656 ; λ. Herod. 6.4 ; προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν λ., of Niobe, Philem. 101 ; ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν Pl. Grg. 494a sq.; λίθῳ λαλεῖς prov. of ἀναίσθητοι, Macar. 5.61 .

2). stone as a substance, opp. wood, flesh, etc., ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λ. χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Il. 4.510 ; λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε turned into stone, petrified, 24.611 , cf. Pl. Smp. 198c ; so [ νῆα] θεῖναι λ. Od. 13.156 ; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, σοὶ δ’ αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο 23.103 , cf. Theoc. 3.18 .

II). λίθος,, twice in Hom., Il. 12.287 , Od. 19.494 , just like masc., also in Theoc. 7.26 , Bion Fr. 1.2 : later mostly of some special stone, as the magnet is called Μαγνῆτις λ. by E. Fr. 567 (but ἡ λίθος simply in Democr. 11k , Arist. Ph. 267a2 , cf. v.l. de An. 405a20 ); also Λυδία λ. by S. Fr. 800 (but in B. Fr. 10 J. Λυδία λ. = touchstone); Ἡρακλεία λ. by Pl. Ion 533d , Epicur. Fr. 293 ; so of a touchstone, Pl. Grg. 486d ; ἡ διαφανὴς λ. a piece of crystal used for a burning-glass, Ar. Nu. 767 , cf. Luc. Alex. 21 ; χυτὴ λ. was perh. a kind of glass, and so an older name for ὕαλος, Epin. 1.8 (the same thing as the ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά in Hdt. 2.69 ; cf. τὴν ὕαλον .. ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται Pl. Ti. 61c ); λ. = precious stone is fem. in Hp. Nat.Mul. 99 , IG 22.1421.92 , 1460.21 , but masc. in Hdt. 2.44 , etc.; in the sense of marble mostly masc., λευκὸς λ. Id. 4.87 (simply λίθος 1.164 ), S. Fr. 330 (λευκοὶ λ. is opp. πέτρινοι λ. Supp.Epigr. 4.446.8 (Didyma)); Πάριος λ. Pi. N. 4.81 , Hdt. 3.57 ; Ταινάριος λ. Str. 8.5.7 ; λ. Θάσιος, Αἰγύπτιος, etc., Paus. 1.18.6 , etc.; κογχίτης Id. 1.44.6 ; κογχυλιάτης X. An. 3.4.10 ; but Παρία λ. Theoc. 6.38 , Luc. Am. 13 ; cf. λυχνίας, -ίτης; πώρινος λ. tufa, Hdt. 5.62 .

2). collectively, πέφυκε λίθος .. ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ .. X. Vect. 1.4 .

III). grave-stone (fem.), Call. Epigr. 8.1 .

IV). at Athens, λίθος,, was a name for various blocks of stone used for rostra or platforms, as,

1). the βῆμα (q.v.) of the Pnyx, Ar. Ach. 683 , Pax 680 , Ec. 87 .

2). another in the ἀγορά used by the κήρυκες, Plu. Sol. 8 ; prob. the same as ὁ πρατὴρ λ., on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., Poll. 3.78 , cf. 126 .

3). an altar in the ἀγορά, at which the Thesmothetae, arbitrators, and witnesses took their oaths, Philoch. 65 , D. 54.26 (restored from Harp. s.v. λίθος ), Arist. Ath. 7.1 , 55.5 , Plu. Sol. 25 ; cf. λιθωμότης.

4). two stones on which litigants stood in the Areopagus, Paus. 1.28.5 .

V). piece on a draughtboard, Alc. 82 , Theoc. 6.18 , cf. γραμμή 111.1 : hence pron., πάντα λίθον κινεῖν Zen. 5.63 (who explains it differently).

VI). Medic., stone in the bladder, calculus, Arist. HA 519b19 , Hp. Morb. 4.55 , al.

VII). Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι, = Lat. Jovem lapidem jurare, Plb. 3.25.6 .

VIII). λίθοι χαλάζης hail- stones, LXX Jo. 10.11 .

IX). λ. ὁ οὐ λ. the philosophers' stone, Zos. Alch. p.122 B.