κἄν
κἄν (not
κᾄν), by crasis,
I). for
καὶ ἄν .., v.l. in
Hes. Op. 357 , freq. in Att.: not often when
καί is simply copul.,
Pl. Phd. 79a ,
Grg. 514d ; but freq. when
καί is intens.,
ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη even a great thing,
Hes. l.c.;
κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ S. OT 615 , cf.
591 ,
Aj. 45 ,
Ar. Nu. 1130 ,
Th. 7.61 , etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with
ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ .. , εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν .. , βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Pl. Prt. 318b , cf.
R. 515e ; freq. in the phrase
κ. εἰ, where
καί properly belongs to
εἰ,
even if, and
ἄν to the Verb that follows in apodosi,
νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν (for
καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν)
D. 21.51 : hence,
3). in later Gr. without
εἰ, simply as a stronger form of
καί,
even,
εἴσελθε κ. νῦν Men. 342 ;
κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα Theoc. 23.41 , cf.
35 (v.l.) (and so with
εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς v.l. in
X. HG 1.7.19 ;
εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο S.E. P. 2.195 , cf.
Ph. 2.29 );
ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων Ev.Marc. 5.28 ;
κ. νῦν now
at any rate, POxy. 2151.7 (iii A.D.);
κἂν ὧς even so,
nevertheless, ib.
123.7 (iii/iv A.D.);
οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε Luc. Tim. 20 codd., cf.
DDeor. 5.2 , etc.
II). for
καὶ ἄν (
= ἐάν),
even if, with the same moods as
ἐάν,
S. Aj. 15 ,
Pl. Prt. 319c , etc.: freq. used ellipt.,
ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ. (sc.
πέσῃ)
ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ S. Aj. 1078 , cf.
Ar. V. 92 ,
Ach. 1021 , and so prob. in
S. El. 1483 : later folld. by ind.,
κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν A.D. Synt. 70.22 .
2). κἄν .. , κἄν ..,
whether .. , or .. ,
κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν D. 25.15 .
ShortDef
and if, even if, although
Debugging
Headword (normalized):
κἄν
Headword (normalized/stripped):
καν
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-53038
Data
{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">κἄν</span> (not <span class="foreign greek">κᾄν</span>), by crasis, <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>I).</strong></span> for <span class="foreign greek">καὶ ἄν ..</span>, v.l. in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:357" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:357/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Op.</span> 357 </a>, freq. in Att.: not often when <span class="foreign greek">καί</span> is simply copul., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:79a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:79a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phd.</span> 79a </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:514d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:514d/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Grg.</span> 514d </a>; but freq. when <span class="foreign greek">καί</span> is intens., <span class="foreign greek">ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">even</span> a great thing, <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> </span> l.c.; <span class="quote greek">κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:615" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:615/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">OT</span> 615 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:591" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:591/canonical-url/"> 591 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:45" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:45/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Aj.</span> 45 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1130" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1130/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Nu.</span> 1130 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:61" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.61/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 7.61 </a>, etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with <span class="quote greek">ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ .. , εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν .. , βελτίων ἂν γένοιο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:318b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:318b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Prt.</span> 318b </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:515e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:515e/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 515e </a>; freq. in the phrase <span class="foreign greek">κ. εἰ</span>, where <span class="foreign greek">καί</span> properly belongs to <span class="foreign greek">εἰ</span>, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">even if</span>, and <span class="foreign greek">ἄν</span> to the Verb that follows in apodosi, <span class="foreign greek">νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν</span> (for <span class="foreign greek">καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν</span>) <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:51" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:51/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 21.51 </a>: hence, </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with <span class="foreign greek">ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ</span> [<span class="foreign greek">αἱ ἀρεταί</span>]. . <span class="quote greek">εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg024:72c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg024:72c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Men.</span> 72c </a> ; <span class="quote greek">κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:473a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:473a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 473a </a> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:579d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:579d/canonical-url/"> 579d </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:408b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:408b/canonical-url/"> 408b </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:71b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:71b/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phd.</span> 71b </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg007.perseus-grc1:247e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg007.perseus-grc1:247e/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Sph.</span> 247e </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg044:136a:31" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg044:136a.31/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Top.</span> 136a31 </a>, al. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> in later Gr. without <span class="foreign greek">εἰ</span>, simply as a stronger form of <span class="foreign greek">καί</span>, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">even</span>, <span class="quote greek">εἴσελθε κ. νῦν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0541.tlg001:342" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0541.tlg001:342/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Men.</span> 342 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:23:41" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:23.41/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Theoc.</span> 23.41 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:35" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:35/canonical-url/"> 35 </a> (v.l.) (and so with <span class="foreign greek">εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς</span> v.l. in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:7:19" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:7:19/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 1.7.19 </a>; <span class="quote greek">εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0544.tlg001:2:195" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0544.tlg001:2.195/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">P.</span> 2.195 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0018.tlg001:2:29" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0018.tlg001:2.29/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ph.</span> 2.29 </a>); <span class="quote greek">ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg002.perseus-grc1:5:28" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg002.perseus-grc1:5.28/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ev.Marc.</span> 5.28 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">κ. νῦν</span> now <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">at any rate,</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">POxy.</span> 2151.7 </span> (iii A.D.); <span class="foreign greek">κἂν ὧς</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">even</span> so, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">nevertheless</span>, ib.<span class="bibl"> 123.7 </span> (iii/iv A.D.); <span class="quote greek">οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg022:20" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg022:20/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Luc.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Tim.</span> 20 </a> codd., cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg068:5:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg068:5.2/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">DDeor.</span> 5.2 </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> for <span class="foreign greek">καὶ ἄν </span>(<span class="etym greek">= ἐάν</span>), <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">even if</span>, with the same moods as <span class="foreign greek">ἐάν</span>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:15" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:15/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Aj.</span> 15 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:319c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:319c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Prt.</span> 319c </a>, etc.: freq. used ellipt., <span class="foreign greek">ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ</span>. (sc. <span class="foreign greek">πέσῃ</span>) <span class="quote greek"> ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1078" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1078/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Aj.</span> 1078 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:92" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:92/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">V.</span> 92 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1021" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1021/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ach.</span> 1021 </a>, and so prob. in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1483" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1483/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">El.</span> 1483 </a>: later folld. by ind., <span class="quote greek">κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0082.tlg004:70:22" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0082.tlg004:70.22/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.D.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Synt.</span> 70.22 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">κἄν .. , κἄν ..</span>, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">whether .. , or</span> .. , <span class="quote greek">κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg025.perseus-grc1:15" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg025.perseus-grc1:15/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 25.15 </a> .</div> </div><br><br>'}