I). TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il. 5.800 , etc.; ironically, 1.229 , al.; with concessive force, it is true that ..: hence, although .., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215 : freq. strengthd. by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od. 24.193 ; ἦ ἄρα δή Il. 13.446 ; ἦ ῥα 4.82 ; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215 ; ἦ γάρ 1.78 ; ἦ γάρ τοι Od. 16.199 ; ἦ δή Il. 2.272 ; ἦ δή που 21.583 ; ἦ δῆτα S. OT 429 ; ἦ θην Il. 20.452 ; ἦ κάρτα S. El. 1279 ; ἦ μάλα Il. 3.204 ; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422 ; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il. 22.11 ; ἦ τάχα Od. 18.73 ; ἦ τε 13.211 : and to express doubt, ἦ που, v. ἦ που and ποῦ: esp. ἦ μήν used in oaths and asseverations, Il. 2.291 , 7.393 , A. Pr. 73 , 168 , etc.; also ἦ μάν Il. 2.370 , 13.354 , Sapph. Supp. 23.5 ; ἦ μέν Od. 10.65 (later εἶ μήν, v. εἷ ): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il. 1.77 ; ἦ μέν also in Ion. historical Prose, Hdt. 4.154 , 5.93 , al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. Phd. 115d ; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Lexap. D. 24.39 : with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il. 2.798 , Od. 18.257 , al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il. 17.538 .

2). in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ἢ; A.D. Conj. 255.5 , Synt. 307.19 (cf. Hdn.Gr. 1.520 ), recognizes an 'expletive' ἠ(παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative ἦ (cf. A.D. Conj. l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ .. Il. 1.169 , al.; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα ib. 156 , Od. 10.465 ; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί .. Il. 20.437 , Od. 16.442 . Trypho took τίη as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ .. Il. 6.55 , but A.D.(Conj.l.c.) infers from the accent of ὅτι ἢ that τί ἢ was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust. 45 init., 118.39 , 907.14 to be τιή, ὁτιή(qq. v.).

3). this ἦ (or ἢ) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il. 2.289 , ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od. 3.348 , 19.109 , where codd. have ἢ (in Od. 3.348 ἠδέ (cj. Bekker) shd. perh. be read for ἠέ).

II). in Questions not involving alternatives:

1). Direct questions,

a). epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ’ εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see .. ? Il. 1.203 , cf. 5.466 , 7.26 , Od. 4.710 , 13.418 , 17.376 , B. 17.5 ; τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν; S. OT 622 , cf. E. Or. 1425 (ἤ codd.); τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης; Pl. Smp. 173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr. 2.112 .

b). not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ’ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od. 10.330 , cf. Il. 11.666 , 15.504 ; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε .. Ἕκτορος; do you not hear ..? ib. 506 , cf. Od. 16.424 ; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται; Pl. Cri. 43c ; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω; don't you think so too? Id. Grg. 479b (perispom., cod. T); ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib. 479c (perispom., cod. T); ἦ τορῶς λέγω; A. Ag. 269 ; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών; S. OT 757 : freq. with other Particles, ἦ ἄρ ..; Od. 20.166 , Il. 19.56 ; mostly ἦ ῥα ..; 5.421 , 762 , Od. 4.632 ; also in Trag. (in lyr.), A. Pers. 633 , S. Aj. 172 , 955 : esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi. I. 7(6).3 sqq.; ἦ ἄρα δή ..; Il. 13.446 ; ἦ ῥά νυ ..; 4.93 ; ἦ νυ ..; 15.128 ; ἦ ταῦτα δή ..; S. Ph. 565 , El. 385 ; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα ..; Id. OT 429 ; ἦ γάρ ..; A. Pr. 745 , 757 , S. OT 1000 : in Att. Prose, ἦ γάρ; standing alone, is it not so? Pl. Tht. 160e , Grg. 449d , 468d ; ἦ καί ..; A. Ag. 1207 , 1362 :—ἦ usu. begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il. 5.421 , 762 , Od. 4.632 , S. OC 863 , 1102 , or ἀλλά, as in A. Ag. 276 , Ch. 774 :—by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in Att. and the κοινή to ἆρα (q. v.), in all other dialects (cf. A.D. Conj. 223.24 ) to ἦρα (q. v.), but ἆρα is found in Pi. P. 4.78 (ἄρα codd.), al., Archil. 86 , 89 .

2). Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ’ εἴης Od. 13.415 ( v.l. εἰ , which alone has Ms. authority in Il. 1.83 , Od. 19.325 ); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il. 8.111 ( v.l. εἰ ); ἀλλ’ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ .. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω; Od. 16.138 ( v.l. εἰ ); ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether .. Tab.Heracl. 1.125 ; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll. 34 ; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι IG 12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented ἤ in codd. Hom., but it shd. perh. be perispom.