A). see (so in pres. and aor. 1 Med., to be seen, i.e. seem): but pf. οἶδα, in pres. sense, know. (With ἔ-vιδον, cf.(v)είδομαι , (v), Lat. videre; with (v)οῖδα, cf. Skt. véda, Goth. wait, O E. wát 'know'.)

A). aor. 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα Orph. A. 118 ), serving as aor. to ὁράω, Ep. ἴδον, iter. ἴδεσκε Il. 3.217 , late Aeol. εὔιδον Epigr.Gr. 990.11 (Balbilla); imper. ἴδε (in Att. written as Adv. ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr. 2.23 ), ἴδετε; subj. ἴδω, Ep. ἴδωμι Il. 18.63 ; opt. ἴδοιμι; inf. ἰδεῖν, Ep. ἰδέειν; part. ἰδών: hence, fut. ἰδησῶ Theoc. 3.37 :— Med., aor. 2 εἰδόμην, Ep. ἰδόμην, in same sense, poet., Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat. 430 ) (so in compds., even in Att. Prose, v. ἐπ-, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην ); imper. ἰδοῦ (freq. written as Adv. ἰδού, = ἰδέ ); subj. ἴδωμαι; opt. ἰδοίμην; inf. ἰδέσθαι; part. ἰδόμενος Hdt. 1.88 , al.:

1). see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Il. 1.587 , etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν E. Or. 1020 ; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Od. 6.126 , cf. 21.159 ; mark, observe, Il. 4.476 , Od. 4.412 , etc.: folld. by relat. clause, ἴδωμ’ ὅτιν’ ἔργα τέτυκται Il. 22.450 ; ἀλλ’ ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ’ ἐστίν Od. 10.44 : freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Il. 5.725 ; οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν A. Pr. 240 ; ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν Pl. R. 620a .

b). see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, Th. 4.125 , X. An. 2.4.15 , etc.

c). see, i.e. experience, νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Od. 3.233 , etc.; δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν E. Hec. 56 ; ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν S. Tr. 835 ; τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν Id. Ant. 1270 (lyr.); ἀλόχου κουριδίης .. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il. 11.243 .

2). look, ἰδεῖν ἐς .. look at or towards, 2.271 , etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί .. 23.143 ; πρός .. Od. 12.244 ; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Il. 9.373 , etc.; κατ’ ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320 ; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184 , 17.334 , Od. 5.78 , etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Il. 1.148 , al.; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, 2.269 ; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, A. Eu. 541 (lyr.).

3). see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν 'to see in his mind's eye', Il. 21.61 , cf. 4.249 ; ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl. R. 511a .

b). examine, investigate, Id. Phd. 70e , Tht. 192e ; consider, ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν Id. Grg. 455a .

II). Med., pres. εἴδομαι, Ep. ἐείδεται Theoc. 25.58 , part. ἐειδόμενος Pi. N.. 10.15 : aor. εἰσάμην, Ep. part. ἐεισάμενος Il. 2.22 , al.:—only Ep. and Lyr., to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear, 8.559 ; εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98 ; εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319 ; ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον Epigr.Gr. 1034.19 (Callipolis), cf. Od. 5.283 ; perh. also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Il. 13.191 .

2). c. inf., appear or seem to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι 1.228 ; τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι Od. 9.11 , etc.: with inf. omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ 19.283 , etc.; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται Il. 14.472 , cf. Theoc. 25.58 ; also, look like or make a show of .. , εἴσατ’ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Od. 8.283 ; εἴσατο δ’ ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, 5.281 .

3). strictly middle, c. dat., εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Il. 2.791 , cf. 20.81 ; αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι Rhian. 50 : esp. in part., like, εἰδομένη κήρυκι Il. 2.280 , etc.; τῷ δ’ ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος Pi. N. 10.15 ; εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν A. Ag. 771 (lyr.); φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι Hdt. 6.69 .

B). pf., οἶδα I see with the mind's eye, i.e. I know, used as pres.: plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as impf.:—pf. οἶδα, Aeol. ὄϊδα Alc. 145 ; 2 sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od. 1.337 , cf. h.Merc. 456 , Thgn. 491 , Hippon. 89 , Hp. Acut. 67 , E. Alc. 780 , Philem. 44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας Cratin. 105 , Alex. 15.11 , Men. 348.5 , cf. Herod. 2.55 ; pl., ἴσμεν, Ep., Aeol., and Dor. ἴδμεν, also Ion., Hdt. 1.6 , al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od. 2.211 , al., but ῑς- ib. 283 , al.]; οἴδαμεν Hdt. 2.17 , οἴδατε AP 12.81 ( Mel.), οἴδᾱσι Hdt. 2.43 , X. Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr. Ep. 22.1 : imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, Boeot. ἴττω, late ἰδέτω Phalar. Ep. 122 codd.: from 3 pl. ἴσασι ( ἴσαντι Epich. 53 ) were formed Dor. 1 sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich. 254 , Pi. P. 4.248 ; 3 sg. ἴσατι IG 14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1 pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi. N. 7.14 , ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12 ; Cret. 3 pl. subj. ἴθθαντι GDI 5024 ; inf. vισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No. 3.19 ; part. ἴσας A.D. Adv. 175.19 , dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi. P. 3.29 , Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες GDI 5024 : subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il. 14.235 , Od. 16.236 ), Ion. 3 pl. εἰδέωσι SIG 45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω Od. 1.174 , al. (cf. Hdn. Gr. 2.131 ), εἴδομεν Il. 1.363 , εἴδετε Od. 9.17 : opt. εἰδείην, 1 pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl. La. 190b , R. 582a : inf. εἰδέναι, Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν Pi. N. 7.25 : part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean vειζώς Schwyzer 409 :—plpf. ᾔδεα Il. 14.71 , Hdt. 2.150 , contr. ᾔδη S. Ant. 18 , Ar. Av. 511 , Pl. Smp. 119a , ᾔδησθα Od. 19.93 , Eup. 416 , etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar. Ec. 551 , E. Cyc. 108 , Pl. Men. 80d , al.), ᾔδεε(ν) Il. 17.402 , al., ᾔδη 1.70 , al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob. in Theod. 2.86 ), Att. contr. ᾔδει(ν) E. Ion 1187 , Ar. V. 558 , etc.; Ep. 2 and 3 sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l.-εις,- ει), Il. 22.280 , Od. 9.206 ; Att. also 1 sg. ᾔδειν D. 37.24 , 2 sg. ᾔδεις Ar. Th. 554 , etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin. 3.82 , Arist. APo. 87b40 , ᾔδεμεν Men. 14D. (to be read in S. OT 1232 ), ᾔδειτε D. 55.9 , etc.(ᾔδετε prob. in E. Ba. 1345 ), Ion. ᾐδέατε Hdt. 9.58 (συν-) , ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge. 42.23 , Str. 15.3.23 , ᾔδεσαν Hdt. 7.175 , Thgn. 54 , etc.; late Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R. 2.65 , 4.1700 , also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar. Fr. 149.4 (prob.), S. Fr. 340 , E. Cyc. 231 , etc.; Ep. 3 pl. ἴσαν Il. 18.405 , Od. 4.772 :—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il. 1.548 , Hp. VM 20 , Ar. Ach. 332 , etc.; also εἰδήσω Od. 7.327 , Hdt. 7.234 , Isoc. 1.44 , Aen.Tact. 31.5 , Arist. Top. 108a28 , Herod. 5.78 , Apollon.Perg. Con. 1 Praef., etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od. 6.257 .—The aor. and pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp. Acut.(Sp.) 22 , Epid. 6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist. EN 1156b27 , Thphr. Char. Prooem. 4 ; imper. εἴδησον PCair.Zen. 36.2 (iii B.C.); 3 pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ’ ἐόντα τά τ’ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ’ ἐόντα Il. 1.70 ; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od. 2.122 , Il. 18.363 , etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od. 4.551 , cf. Pl. R. 365e , D. 54.34 , etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt. 1.6 , etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th. 1.4 : strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ’ ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E. Med. 593 ; σάφ’ οἶδ’ ἐγώ A. Supp. 740 , etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il. 24.41 ; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od. 9.189 ; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433 , 19.248 ; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il. 16.73 ; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od. 3.277 ; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584 , 24.442 : c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229 ; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412 ; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718 ; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525 ; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od. 1.202 ; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250 ; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il. 2.823 ; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360 ; παῖδ’ ἔτ’ ἐόντ’ οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710 ; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665 ; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438 ; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235 , Hdt. 3.21 , etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il. 10.329 ; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36 , etc.; Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar. Ach. 860 , etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ’ ἀγορεύω Il. 1.365 ; μετ’ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250 ; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th. 2.36 , cf. 3.53 ; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl. R. 337d , etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il. 1.608 ,al.

2). c. inf., know how to do, οἶδ’ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ’ ἐπ’ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238 , cf. S. Ph. 1010 , Ar. V. 376 ; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E. Med. 664 , D. 4.40 ; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall. Febr. 6 ; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor. p.124 B.; learn, ἵν’ εἰδῇ μὴ ’πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E. Hipp. 729 .

3). c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A. Ag. 1670 ; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt. 4.76 ; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E. Hec. 397 : in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A. Ch. 234 ; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th. 1.69 : with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul. Or. 7.226a .

4). less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους .. ἂν σάφ’ ἴσθ’ ἕκατι βάρ-βαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A. Pers. 337 , cf. S. Ph. 1329 ; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον .. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X. Cyr. 8.3.44 ; also εὖ τόδ’ ἴσθι, μηδάμ’ ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A. Pers. 431 ; ἕν γ’ ἀκούσασ’ ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ’ ἐρεῖν E. IA 1005 .

5). c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S. El. 332 ; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl. Prt. 323b , etc.

6). οὐκ οἶδ’ εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ’ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc. 48 , cf. D. 45.7 : with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ’ εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc. 6.1 , 12.10 .

7). in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ’ ὅπως I know not how, Pl. R. 40c b; οὐκ οἶδ’ ὁπόθεν Id. Cra. 396d .

8). οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ’ ἐγώ E. Med. 948 ; σάφ’ οἶδα ib. 94 , 963 ; also οἶδ’ ὅτι, οἶσθ’ ὅτι, ἴσθ’ ὅτι, πάρειμι δ’ ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ’ ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι) I know it well, S. Ant. 276 ; οἶδ’ ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1 , al.; σάφ’ ἴσθ’ ὅτι Ar. Pl. 889 :—οἶσθ’ ὅ, οἶσθ’ ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ’ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar. Eq. 1158 , cf. Pax 1051 , etc.; οἶσθ’ ὡς πόησον; S. OT 543 ; also οἶσθ’. . ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id. OC 75 ; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E. IT 1203 : rarely with the fut., οἶσθ’ οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id. Cyc. 131 , cf. Med. 600 codd.