ἆρα2
ἆρᾰ, interrog. Particle, implying
A). anxiety or impatience, = Ep. and Lyr. ἦ ῥα:
1). alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in
D. 35.44 a
negative answer is implied in the question
ἆρ’ ἂν οἴεσθε .. ; but an
affirmative in
X. Cyr. 4.6.4 ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς; cf.
ἆρ’ εὐτυχεῖς .. ἢ δυστυχεῖς;
E. Ph. 424 .—To make it plainly neg., we have
ἆ. μή .. ;
A. Th. 208 ,
Pl. Phd. 64c ; and to make it plainly affirmative,
ἆρ’ οὐ; ἆρ’ οὐχί;
S. OC 791 ,
OT 540 ;
ἆρ’ οὐχ οὕτως;
Pl. Phlb. 11d .
3). in
ἆρά γε, each Particle retains its force,
γε serving to make the question more definite,
Ar. Pl. 546 ,
X. Mem. 1.5.4 , etc.
B). In Prose,
ἆ. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf.
Pl. Grg. 467e ;
καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ. ..
Jul. Or. 2.61c : in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr.
1.4 ,
11 .
ShortDef
particle introducing a question
Debugging
Headword (normalized):
ἆρα
Headword (normalized/stripped):
αρα2
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-14641
Data
{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">ἆρᾰ</span>, interrog. Particle, implying <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">anxiety</span> or <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">impatience,</span> = Ep. and Lyr. <span class="foreign greek">ἦ ῥα</span>: </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>1).</strong></span> alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg035.perseus-grc1:44" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg035.perseus-grc1:44/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 35.44 </a> a <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">negative</span> answer is implied in the question <span class="foreign greek">ἆρ’ ἂν οἴεσθε</span> .. ; but an <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">affirmative</span> in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:4:6:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:4:6:4/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cyr.</span> 4.6.4 </a> <span class="foreign greek">ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς;</span> cf. <span class="foreign greek">ἆρ’ εὐτυχεῖς .. ἢ δυστυχεῖς</span>; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg015.perseus-grc1:424" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg015.perseus-grc1:424/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ph.</span> 424 </a>.—To make it plainly neg., we have <span class="foreign greek">ἆ. μή</span> .. ; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:208" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:208/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 208 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:64c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:64c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phd.</span> 64c </a>; and to make it plainly affirmative, <span class="foreign greek">ἆρ’ οὐ; ἆρ’ οὐχί</span>; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg007.perseus-grc1:791" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg007.perseus-grc1:791/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">OC</span> 791 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:540" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.perseus-grc1:540/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">OT</span> 540 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">ἆρ’ οὐχ οὕτως</span>; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg010:11d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg010:11d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phlb.</span> 11d </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">ἆ. οὖν;</span> is used to draw an affirmative inference, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:477a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:477a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Grg.</span> 477a </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg019:190b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg019:190b/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">La.</span> 190b </a>; also when a neg. answer is expected, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg018:159b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg018:159b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Chrm.</span> 159b </a>; with a neg., <span class="foreign greek">ἆρ’ οὖν οὐ</span> .. ; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:263a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:263a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phdr.</span> 263a </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> in <span class="foreign greek">ἆρά γε,</span> each Particle retains its force, <span class="itype greek">γε</span> serving to make the question more definite, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg011.perseus-grc1:546" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg011.perseus-grc1:546/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pl.</span> 546 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:5:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:5:4/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 1.5.4 </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> less freq. with <span class="foreign greek">τίς</span> interrog., <span class="quote greek">τίνος ποτ’ ἆρ’ ἔπραξε χειρί</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:905" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:905/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Aj.</span> 905 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">τίδ’ ἆρ’ ἐγὼ σέ</span>; <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg018.perseus-grc1:1228" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg018.perseus-grc1:1228/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">IA</span> 1228 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τίς ἆρ’ ὁ φεύγων;</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:893" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:893/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">V.</span> 893 </a> ; with <span class="foreign greek">ἤν,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg019.perseus-grc1:118" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg019.perseus-grc1:118/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Rh.</span> 118 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>5).</strong></span> in indirect questions, <span class="foreign greek">σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ</span> .. . <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:70e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:70e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phd.</span> 70e </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:526c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:526c/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 526c </a>, al., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg031:204b:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg031:204b.3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ph.</span> 204b3 </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> in Poets sts. like <span class="ref greek">ἄρα</span> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0232.tlg001:86" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0232.tlg001:86/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Archil.</span> 86 </a>,<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0232.tlg001:89" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0232.tlg001:89/canonical-url/"> 89 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4:78" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4.78/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">P.</span> 4.78 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">V.</span> 3 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι;</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg006.perseus-grc1:297" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg006.perseus-grc1:297/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ch.</span> 297 </a> , cf.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg006.perseus-grc1:435" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg006.perseus-grc1:435/canonical-url/"> 435 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ’ ὑφειστήκει λόχος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1114" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1114/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Andr.</span> 1114 </a> : in exclamations, <span class="quote greek">βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ’ ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:738" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg003.perseus-grc1:738/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Aj.</span> 738 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ’ ὁ πλοῦτος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg015.perseus-grc1:566" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg015.perseus-grc1:566/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ph.</span> 566 </a> , cf.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg012.perseus-grc1:1229" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg012.perseus-grc1:1229/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">El.</span> 1229 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1086" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1086/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hipp.</span> 1086 </a>; <span class="quote greek">ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ’ ἦν</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Fr.</span> 931 </span> ; <span class="quote greek">ἔμελλόν σ’ ἆ. κινήσειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1301" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1301/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Nu.</span> 1301 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:347" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:347/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ach.</span> 347 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>B).</strong></span> In Prose, <span class="foreign greek">ἆ.</span> almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:467e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023:467e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Grg.</span> 467e </a>; <span class="foreign greek">καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ.</span> .. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:2:61c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:2.61c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jul.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Or.</span> 2.61c </a>: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:1:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:1.4/canonical-url/"> 1.4 </a>,<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:11" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:11/canonical-url/"> 11 </a>.</div> </div><br><br>'}