ἄρα1
ἄρᾰ, Ep.
ῥά (which is enclitic and used after monosyllables,
ἦ, ὅς, γάρ, etc., or words ending in a vowel or diphthong, e.g.
ἐπεί), before a consonant
ἄρ (perh. cf. Lith.
A). i[rtilde] 'and'): expressing consequence, then, or mere succession, there and then, and in many derived uses.
A). EARLIER USAGE: to denote,
I). immediate transition,
there and then, straightway, ὣς φάτο βῆ δ’ ἄρ’ Ὄνειρος Il. 2.16 : after a part.,
ὣς εἰπὼν κατ’ ἄρ’ ἕζετο 1.68 , al.;
πυθόμενος .. εἶπε ἄ. Hdt. 4.134 , cf.
9.9 ;
ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρὸς ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα X. Cyr. 1.3.2 ; with other Particles,
δέ, ἦ, ὡς, etc., cf.
ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἄ. εἶπεν ib.
4.10 : also after Advbs. of Time,
τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος ἄρα, etc.;
οὕτως ἄρα Pl. Phdr. 259b ; often in apodosi, as
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ θηήσατο .. αὐτίκ’ ἄρ’ ἤλυθεν Od. 5.77 ; repeated
τὼ μὲν ἄρ’. . κεῖντο ἡ δ’ ἄρ’. . ἀγόρευε Il. 21.426 : in enumerations, e. g. in Homer's catalogue,
then, next, οἱ δ’ ἄρ’ Ἀθήνας εἶχον 2.546 ; so in genealogies,
Σίσυφος .. ὁ δ’ ἄ. Γλαῦκον τέκεθ’ υἱόν 6.154 .
2). to draw attention,
mark you! τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον .. τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχιλεὺς δ’ ἄρ’ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος 24.456 ; with imper.,
ἀλλ’ ἄγε δὴ κατ’ ἄρ’ ἕζευ 24.522 : to point a moral or general statement,
φευγόντων δ’ οὔτ’ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή 5.532 .
II). connexion, such as,
1). that of
antecedent and
consequent, οἰνοχόει .. ἄσβεστος δ’ ἄρ’ ἐνῶρτο γέλως 1.599 , cf.
24.507 ;
τοὔνεκ’ ἄρ’ ἄλγε’ ἔδωκε 1.96 ; freq. with
οὕνεκα in protasi,
7.140 , al.: also in questions,
τίς τ’ ἄρ τῶν ὄχ’ ἄριστος ἔην; who
then (say you) was .. ?
2.761 : with demonstr. Pronoun in recapitulation,
ἀλλ’ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο .. τόν ῥ’ Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε he it was, whom .. ,
4.501 : freq. in such phrases as
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας 2.35 , al.;
ὣς ἄρ’ ἔφη 1.584 , al.;
ἦ ῥα 3.355 , al., thus,
then he spoke.—This usage is universal in Greek.
2). explanation of that which precedes,
χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς τήν ῥα .. ἀπηύρων whom (
and for this cause he was angry) they had taken away,
1.429 ;
εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε .. φῆ ῥ’ ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν for he said,
Od. 4.504 : freq. with
οὕνεκα; so with relatives,
ἐκ δ’ ἔθορε κλῆρος ὃν ἄρ’ ἤθελον αὐτοί the
very one which .. ,
Il. 7.182 .
B). LATER USAGE, always with inferential force: 1. in drawing conclusions (more subjective than
οὖν)
, ἄριστον ἄ. ἡ εὐδαιμονία Arist. EN 1099a24 ;
δῆλον ἄ. Id. Pol. 1295b33 ; in pseudo-syllogistic conclusions,
Id. SE 174b11 ,
Rh. 1401a3 , al.: esp. by way of informal inference,
as it seems, οὐκ ἄ. σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς Il. 16.33 ;
οὐδ’ ἄ. πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσ’ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι 23.670 ;
μάτην ἄρ’, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν S. El. 772 ;
οὕτω κοινόν τι ἄ. χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυά ἐστιν so true is it that .. ,
X. HG 7.1.32 ;
πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνων ἄ. ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος Pl. R. 358c ;
ἦν ἄ. πυρός γ’ ἕτερα .. θερμότερα Ar. Eq. 382 ;
ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρ’ ἦσθα Trag.Adesp. 374 ; so in announcing the discovery or correction of an error, as
οὐκ ἐννενοήκαμεν ὅτι εἰσὶν ἄ. ..
Pl. R. 375d ;
φαίνεται πρὸ ποδῶν ἡμῖν κυλινδεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἑωρῶμεν ἄρ’ αὐτό ib.
432d ;
εἰκότως ἄ. οὐκ ἐγίγνετο· ὡς γὰρ ἐγὼ νῦν πυνθάνομαι..
X. An. 2.2.3 .
2). in questions, expressing the anxiety of the questioner,
τίς ἄ. ῥύσεται; who is there to save ?
A. Th. 92 ; so in exclamations to heighten the expression of emotion,
οἵαν ἄρ’ ἥβην .. ἀπώλεσεν what a band of youth was that .. !
Id. Pers. 733 ; so
ὡς ἄρα ib.
472 ,
S. Fr. 577 ;
τί μ’ ἄ. τί μ’ ὀλέκεις; Id. Ant. 1285 ;
τί οὖν .. ἄ. X. Oec. 6.2 ;
πῶς ἄ.; οὕτως ἄ., etc.;
ἄ. alone,
ἔζης ἄ. S. Fr. 686 : esp. in ironical comments,
Ar. Av. 476 ,
1371 , etc.
4). for
τοι ἄρα, τἄρα, v. sub
τοι 11.2 .
6). in hypothetical clauses, to indicate the improbability of the supposition,
ἢν ἄ. ποτὲ κατὰ γῆν βιασθῶσιν Th. 1.93 , etc.; or simply,
perhaps (sts. separated from
εἰ)
, εἴ τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἄ.. . ὑπελάμβανεν D. 21.8 ;
εἴ τις ἰδίᾳ τινὰ δεδιὼς ἄ. ἀπρόθυμός ἐστιν Th. 4.86 .
C). IN CRASIS, freq.
τἄρα, μεντἄρα, οὐτἄρα: also
δήξομἄρα for
δήξομαι ἄ., Ar. Ach. 325 ;
οἰμώξετἄρα, κλαύσἄρα, Id. Th. 248 ,
Pax 532 : also in Trag.,
E. Hyps.Fr. 34.86 .
ShortDef
particle: 'so'
Debugging
Headword (normalized):
ἄρα
Headword (normalized/stripped):
αρα1
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-14640
Data
{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">ἄρᾰ</span>, Ep. <span class="orth greek">ῥά</span> (which is enclitic and used after monosyllables, <span class="foreign greek">ἦ, ὅς, γάρ,</span> etc., or words ending in a vowel or diphthong, e.g. <span class="foreign greek">ἐπεί</span>), before a consonant <span class="orth greek">ἄρ</span> (perh. cf. Lith. <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">i[rtilde]</span> \'and\'): expressing consequence, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">then,</span> or mere succession, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">there and then,</span> and in many derived uses. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> EARLIER USAGE: to denote, </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>I).</strong></span> immediate transition, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">there and then, straightway,</span> <span class="quote greek">ὣς φάτο βῆ δ’ ἄρ’ Ὄνειρος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:16" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.16/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 2.16 </a> : after a part., <span class="quote greek">ὣς εἰπὼν κατ’ ἄρ’ ἕζετο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:68" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.68/canonical-url/"> 1.68 </a> , al.; <span class="quote greek">πυθόμενος .. εἶπε ἄ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:134" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.134/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 4.134 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9:9" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9.9/canonical-url/"> 9.9 </a>; <span class="quote greek">ἐρωτώσης τῆς μητρὸς ἀπεκρίνατο ἄρα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:1:3:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:1:3:2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cyr.</span> 1.3.2 </a> ; with other Particles, <span class="foreign greek">δέ, ἦ, ὡς,</span> etc., cf. <span class="foreign greek">ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἄ. εἶπεν</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:4:10" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007.perseus-grc1:4.10/canonical-url/"> 4.10 </a>: also after Advbs. of Time, <span class="foreign greek">τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος ἄρα,</span> etc.; <span class="quote greek">οὕτως ἄρα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:259b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:259b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phdr.</span> 259b </a> ; often in apodosi, as <span class="quote greek">αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ θηήσατο .. αὐτίκ’ ἄρ’ ἤλυθεν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:5:77" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:5.77/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 5.77 </a> ; repeated <span class="quote greek">τὼ μὲν ἄρ’. . κεῖντο ἡ δ’ ἄρ’. . ἀγόρευε</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:21:426" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:21.426/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 21.426 </a> : in enumerations, e. g. in Homer\'s catalogue, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">then, next,</span> <span class="quote greek">οἱ δ’ ἄρ’ Ἀθήνας εἶχον</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:546" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.546/canonical-url/"> 2.546 </a> ; so in genealogies, <span class="quote greek">Σίσυφος .. ὁ δ’ ἄ. Γλαῦκον τέκεθ’ υἱόν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:154" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.154/canonical-url/"> 6.154 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> to draw attention, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">mark you!</span> <span class="quote greek">τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον .. τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχιλεὺς δ’ ἄρ’ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:24:456" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:24.456/canonical-url/"> 24.456 </a> ; with imper., <span class="quote greek">ἀλλ’ ἄγε δὴ κατ’ ἄρ’ ἕζευ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:24:522" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:24.522/canonical-url/"> 24.522 </a> : to point a moral or general statement, <span class="quote greek">φευγόντων δ’ οὔτ’ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:532" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.532/canonical-url/"> 5.532 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> connexion, such as, </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>1).</strong></span> that of <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">antecedent</span> and <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">consequent,</span> <span class="quote greek">οἰνοχόει .. ἄσβεστος δ’ ἄρ’ ἐνῶρτο γέλως</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:599" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.599/canonical-url/"> 1.599 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:24:507" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:24.507/canonical-url/"> 24.507 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τοὔνεκ’ ἄρ’ ἄλγε’ ἔδωκε</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:96" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.96/canonical-url/"> 1.96 </a> ; freq. with <span class="foreign greek">οὕνεκα</span> in protasi, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:140" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.140/canonical-url/"> 7.140 </a>, al.: also in questions, <span class="foreign greek">τίς τ’ ἄρ τῶν ὄχ’ ἄριστος ἔην;</span> who <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">then</span> (say you) was .. ? <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:761" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.761/canonical-url/"> 2.761 </a>: with demonstr. Pronoun in recapitulation, <span class="foreign greek">ἀλλ’ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο .. τόν ῥ’ Ὀδυσεὺς βάλε</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">he it was, whom</span> .. , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:501" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.501/canonical-url/"> 4.501 </a>: freq. in such phrases as <span class="quote greek">ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:35" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.35/canonical-url/"> 2.35 </a> , al.; <span class="quote greek">ὣς ἄρ’ ἔφη</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:584" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.584/canonical-url/"> 1.584 </a> , al.; <span class="quote greek">ἦ ῥα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:355" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.355/canonical-url/"> 3.355 </a> , al., thus, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">then</span> he spoke.—This usage is universal in Greek. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> explanation of that which precedes, <span class="foreign greek">χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς τήν ῥα .. ἀπηύρων</span> whom (<span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">and for this cause</span> he was angry) they had taken away, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:429" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.429/canonical-url/"> 1.429 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε .. φῆ ῥ’ ἀέκητι θεῶν φυγέειν</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">for</span> he said, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4:504" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:4.504/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 4.504 </a>: freq. with <span class="foreign greek">οὕνεκα</span>; so with relatives, <span class="foreign greek">ἐκ δ’ ἔθορε κλῆρος ὃν ἄρ’ ἤθελον αὐτοί</span> the <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">very</span> one which .. , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:182" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.182/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 7.182 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>B).</strong></span> LATER USAGE, always with inferential force: 1. in drawing conclusions (more subjective than <span class="foreign greek">οὖν</span>) <span class="quote greek">, ἄριστον ἄ. ἡ εὐδαιμονία</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1099a:24" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1099a.24/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">EN</span> 1099a24 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">δῆλον ἄ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg035.perseus-grc1:1295b:33" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg035.perseus-grc1:1295b.33/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pol.</span> 1295b33 </a> ; in pseudo-syllogistic conclusions, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg039:174b:11" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg039:174b.11/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">SE</span> 174b11 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.perseus-grc1:1401a:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.perseus-grc1:1401a.3/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Rh.</span> 1401a3 </a>, al.: esp. by way of informal inference, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">as it seems,</span> <span class="quote greek">οὐκ ἄ. σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν Πηλεύς</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:16:33" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:16.33/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 16.33 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">οὐδ’ ἄ. πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσ’ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:23:670" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:23.670/canonical-url/"> 23.670 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">μάτην ἄρ’, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005.perseus-grc1:772" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005.perseus-grc1:772/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">El.</span> 772 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">οὕτω κοινόν τι ἄ. χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυά ἐστιν</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">so true is it that</span> .. , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:1:32" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:1:32/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 7.1.32 </a>; <span class="quote greek">πολὺ γὰρ ἀμείνων ἄ. ὁ τοῦ ἀδίκου ἢ ὁ τοῦ δικαίου βίος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:358c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:358c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 358c </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἦν ἄ. πυρός γ’ ἕτερα .. θερμότερα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002.perseus-grc1:382" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002.perseus-grc1:382/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Eq.</span> 382 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρ’ ἦσθα</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Trag.Adesp.</span> 374 </span> ; so in announcing the discovery or correction of an error, as <span class="foreign greek">οὐκ ἐννενοήκαμεν ὅτι εἰσὶν ἄ.</span> .. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:375d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:375d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 375d </a>; <span class="foreign greek">φαίνεται πρὸ ποδῶν ἡμῖν κυλινδεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἑωρῶμεν ἄρ’ αὐτό</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:432d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:432d/canonical-url/"> 432d </a>; <span class="foreign greek">εἰκότως ἄ. οὐκ ἐγίγνετο· ὡς γὰρ ἐγὼ νῦν πυνθάνομαι</span>.. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:2:2:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:2:2:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 2.2.3 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> in questions, expressing the anxiety of the questioner, <span class="foreign greek">τίς ἄ. ῥύσεται;</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">who is there</span> to save ? <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:92" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:92/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 92 </a>; so in exclamations to heighten the expression of emotion, <span class="foreign greek">οἵαν ἄρ’ ἥβην .. ἀπώλεσεν</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">what</span> a band of youth was that .. ! <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg002.perseus-grc1:733" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg002.perseus-grc1:733/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pers.</span> 733 </a>; so <span class="foreign greek">ὡς ἄρα</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg002.perseus-grc1:472" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg002.perseus-grc1:472/canonical-url/"> 472 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg008.perseus-grc1:577" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg008.perseus-grc1:577/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Fr.</span> 577 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τί μ’ ἄ. τί μ’ ὀλέκεις;</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1285" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1285/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ant.</span> 1285 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τί οὖν .. ἄ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg003.perseus-grc1:6:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg003.perseus-grc1:6.2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Oec.</span> 6.2 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">πῶς ἄ.; οὕτως ἄ.,</span> etc.; <span class="foreign greek">ἄ.</span> alone, <span class="quote greek">ἔζης ἄ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg008.perseus-grc1:686" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg008.perseus-grc1:686/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Fr.</span> 686 </a> : esp. in ironical comments, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg006.perseus-grc1:476" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg006.perseus-grc1:476/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Av.</span> 476 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1371" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1371/canonical-url/"> 1371 </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> epexegetic, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">namely,</span> <span class="foreign greek">ἐρῶ, ὡς ἄ.</span> .. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:152d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:152d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Tht.</span> 152d </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:156e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:156e/canonical-url/"> 156e </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> for <span class="foreign greek">τοι ἄρα, τἄρα,</span> v. sub <span class="itype greek">τοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:11:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:11.2/canonical-url/"> 11.2 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>5).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">εἰ</span> (or <span class="foreign greek">ἐάν</span>)<span class="foreign greek"> μὴ ἄ.</span> unless <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">perhaps,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:38b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:38b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ap.</span> 38b </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg058.perseus-grc1:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg058.perseus-grc1:4/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 58.4 </a>; separated from <span class="foreign greek">εἰ μή,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg009.perseus-grc1:20" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg009.perseus-grc1:20/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> 9.20 </a>; with irony, <span class="quote greek">εἰ μὴ ἄ. ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:2:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:2:8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 1.2.8 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>6).</strong></span> in hypothetical clauses, to indicate the improbability of the supposition, <span class="quote greek">ἢν ἄ. ποτὲ κατὰ γῆν βιασθῶσιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:93" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.93/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 1.93 </a> , etc.; or simply, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">perhaps</span> (sts. separated from <span class="foreign greek">εἰ</span>) <span class="quote greek">, εἴ τις οὖν ὑμῶν ἄ.. . ὑπελάμβανεν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 21.8 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">εἴ τις ἰδίᾳ τινὰ δεδιὼς ἄ. ἀπρόθυμός ἐστιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:86" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.86/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 4.86 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>C).</strong></span> IN CRASIS, freq. <span class="foreign greek">τἄρα, μεντἄρα, οὐτἄρα</span>: also <span class="foreign greek">δήξομἄρα</span> for <span class="foreign greek">δήξομαι ἄ.,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:325" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.perseus-grc1:325/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ach.</span> 325 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">οἰμώξετἄρα, κλαύσἄρα,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg008.perseus-grc1:248" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg008.perseus-grc1:248/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 248 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg005.perseus-grc1:532" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg005.perseus-grc1:532/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pax</span> 532 </a>: also in Trag., <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hyps.Fr.</span> 34.86 </span>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>D).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">ἄρα</span> never stands first in the sentence in Classical Greek (<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg023:851a:22" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg023:851a.22/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mech.</span> 851a22 </a> is corrupt), but is found at the beginning of an apodosis in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg001.perseus-grc1:12:28" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg001.perseus-grc1:12.28/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ev.Matt.</span> 12.28 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg006.perseus-grc1:10:17" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg006.perseus-grc1:10.17/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ep.Rom.</span> 10.17 </a>, and first in a sentence, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg003.perseus-grc1:11:48" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg003.perseus-grc1:11.48/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ev.Luc.</span> 11.48 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg1764.tlg001:305:20" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg1764.tlg001:305.20/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vett.Val.</span> 305.20 </a>; in conclusion of syllogism, <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Herm.</span> </span> ap.<span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Stob.</span> 3.11.31 </span>.</div> </div><br><br>'}