χαλεπός
χαλεπ-ός,
ή,
όν,
I). in reference to the feelings,
hard to bear, painful, grievous (so freq. in
Hom.),
κεραυνός Il. 14.417 ;
θύελλα 21.335 ;
ἄνεμοι Od. 12.286 ;
πόνος 23.250 ;
ἄλγος, πένθος, 2.193 ,
6.169 ;
γῆρας Il. 8.103 ;
ἄλη Od. 10.464 ;
χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος Hes. Th. 800 ;
ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - Hdt. 6.40 ;
χ. πνεῦμα A. Supp. 166 (lyr.);
δύα Id. Th. 228 (lyr.);
χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα]
S. Tr. 1273 (anap.);
συμφορά E. Hipp. 768 (lyr.);
νόσος, πλάνη, etc.,
X. Smp. 4.37 ,
Pl. Sph. 245e ( Comp.), etc.;
ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο Th. 3.26 ;[
θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses,
X. Mem. 3.10.13 :
τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος the
severity of the wind,
Id. An. 4.5.4 ;
τὰ χ. hardships, opp.
τὰ τερπνά, Id. Mem. 2.1.23 , etc.;
τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις Pi. Fr. 131 , cf.
Plot. 5.9.14 : Comp.,
more unpleasant, Jul. Or. 6.202c .
2). hard to do or
deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων Ar. Eq. 516 (anap.); cf.
Th. 3.59 ( Sup.), etc.;
χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά prov. ap.
Pl. Hp.Ma. 304e , al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.;
χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος X. Mem. 2.9.1 , cf.
Pl. Plt. 299e : c. inf. Act. or Med.,
χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, =
χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι ,
Il. 21.482 ;
χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς 20.131 ;
χαλεπὸν δέ τ’ ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ]
Od. 10.305 ;
χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός Hes. Sc. 386 ;
χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων Pi. N. 10.72 ;
χ. προσπολεμεῖν Isoc. 4.138 , cf.
Th. 7.51 ( Comp.);
χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, Pl. R. 330c ,
412b ,
502c ;
χ. πάσχειν Id. Cri. 49b ( Comp.): also c. inf. Pass.,
χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι Antipho 2.1.1 , cf.
Th. 3.94 , etc.;
χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος Arist. Ph. 212a8 ;
χαλεπόν [ἐστι] c. inf., 'tis
hard, difficult to do,
Od. 4.651 ; c. acc. et inf., 'tis
difficult for one to do .. ,
Il. 16.620 ,
Od. 20.313 : c. dat. et inf.,
Il. 21.184 ,
Od. 11.156 .
II). of persons,
hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opp.
πρᾷος, Pl. R. 493b ( Sup.),
Arist. EN 1126a26 ),
βασιλεύς, δαίμων, Od. 2.232 ,
19.201 ;
χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι 8.575 ;
-ώτερος a more bitter enemy, Th. 3.40 ;
-ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or
troublesome, ib.
42 , cf.
7.21 ;
-ώτεροι πάροικοι Id. 3.113 ;
χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα Men. 18 : c. dat. pers.,
cruel or
harsh towards one,
Od. 17.388 ;
τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν Th. 8.1 , etc.;
πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Pl. R. 375c ,
Arist. Pol. 1328a8 (also
πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους X. Cyn. 5.17 );
ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις Theoc. 22.145 .
II). of persons,
angrily, cruelly, harshly, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι Id. 3.46 ;
ἀποκρίνασθαι Id. 5.42 , cf.
E. Hipp. 203 (anap.),
Ar. Pl. 60 ,
Pl. Phdr. 269b ;
χ. φέρειν τι take it
ill, Th. 2.16 ,
Pl. R. 330a , etc.; also
χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, X. HG 5.1.29 ,
An. 1.3.3 ;
ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ Id. HG 7.4.21 , cf.
D.H. 3.50 ; also
χ. φέρειν τινός Th. 2.62 ; also
χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός Hdt. 2.121 .
δ/; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος Th. 6.61 ; of the laws (cf. supr.
11.1c ),
χ. προστάττειν Pl. Lg. 925d .
b). χ. ἔχειν, also, to be
in a bad way, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου Pl. Smp. 176a , cf.
Tht. 142b .— Beside the regul. Comp.
ShortDef
hard to bear, painful; difficult
Debugging
Headword (normalized):
χαλεπός
Headword (normalized/stripped):
χαλεπος
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-112980
Data
{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">χαλεπ-ός</span>, <span class="itype greek">ή</span>, <span class="itype greek">όν</span>, <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">difficult</span> ( <span class="quote greek">ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:341d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022:341d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Prt.</span> 341d </a> : opp. <span class="foreign greek">ῥᾴδιος,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.perseus-grc1:1363a:24" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038.perseus-grc1:1363a.24/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Rh.</span> 1363a24 </a>, in various relations): </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>I).</strong></span> in reference to the feelings, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hard to bear, painful, grievous</span> (so freq. in <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hom.</span></span>), <span class="quote greek">κεραυνός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:14:417" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:14.417/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 14.417 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">θύελλα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:21:335" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:21.335/canonical-url/"> 21.335 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἄνεμοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:12:286" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:12.286/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 12.286 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">πόνος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:23:250" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:23.250/canonical-url/"> 23.250 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">ἄλγος, πένθος,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:193" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:2.193/canonical-url/"> 2.193 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:6:169" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:6.169/canonical-url/"> 6.169 </a>; <span class="quote greek">γῆρας</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:8:103" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.103/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 8.103 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἄλη</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:10:464" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.464/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 10.464 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-grc1:800" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-grc1:800/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 800 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - </span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:40" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6.40/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 6.40 </a>; <span class="quote greek">χ. πνεῦμα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg001.perseus-grc1:166" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg001.perseus-grc1:166/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Supp.</span> 166 </a> (lyr.); <span class="quote greek">δύα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:228" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:228/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 228 </a> (lyr.); <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα</span>] <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1273" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1273/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">S.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Tr.</span> 1273 </a> (anap.); <span class="quote greek">συμφορά</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:768" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:768/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hipp.</span> 768 </a> (lyr.); <span class="foreign greek">νόσος, πλάνη,</span> etc., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg004.perseus-grc1:4:37" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg004.perseus-grc1:4.37/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Smp.</span> 4.37 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg007.perseus-grc1:245e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg007.perseus-grc1:245e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Sph.</span> 245e </a> ( Comp.), etc.; <span class="quote greek">ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:26" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.26/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 3.26 </a> ;[<span class="foreign greek">θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ.,</span> of ill-fitting cuirasses, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3:10:13" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3:10:13/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 3.10.13 </a>: <span class="foreign greek">τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος</span> the <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">severity</span> of the wind, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:5:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:5:4/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 4.5.4 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">τὰ χ.</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hardships,</span> opp. <span class="foreign greek">τὰ τερπνά,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:1:23" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:1:23/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 2.1.23 </a>, etc.; <span class="quote greek">τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg005:131" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg005:131/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Fr.</span> 131 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2000.tlg001:5:9:14" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2000.tlg001:5:9:14/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plot.</span> 5.9.14 </a>: Comp., <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">more unpleasant,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:6:202c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2003.tlg001:6.202c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jul.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Or.</span> 6.202c </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hard to do</span> or <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">deal with, difficult, irksome,</span> <span class="quote greek">-ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002.perseus-grc1:516" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002.perseus-grc1:516/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Eq.</span> 516 </a> (anap.); cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:59" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.59/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 3.59 </a> ( Sup.), etc.; <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά</span> prov. ap.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg025:304e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg025:304e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hp.Ma.</span> 304e </a>, al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.; <span class="quote greek">χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:9:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:9:1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 2.9.1 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg008.perseus-grc1:299e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg008.perseus-grc1:299e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Plt.</span> 299e </a>: c. inf. Act. or Med., <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι,</span> = <span class="ref greek">χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι</span> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:21:482" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:21.482/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 21.482 </a>; <span class="quote greek">χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:20:131" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:20.131/canonical-url/"> 20.131 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπὸν δέ τ’ ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ</span>] <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:10:305" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.305/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 10.305 </a>; <span class="quote greek">χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg003.perseus-grc1:386" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg003.perseus-grc1:386/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Sc.</span> 386 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:10:72" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:10.72/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">N.</span> 10.72 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. προσπολεμεῖν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg011.perseus-grc1:138" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg011.perseus-grc1:138/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 4.138 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:51" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.51/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 7.51 </a> ( Comp.); <span class="foreign greek">χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:330c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:330c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 330c </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:412b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:412b/canonical-url/"> 412b </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:502c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:502c/canonical-url/"> 502c </a>; <span class="quote greek">χ. πάσχειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg003.perseus-grc1:49b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg003.perseus-grc1:49b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cri.</span> 49b </a> ( Comp.): also c. inf. Pass., <span class="quote greek">χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0028.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0028.tlg002.perseus-grc1:1.1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Antipho</span> 2.1.1 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:94" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.94/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 3.94 </a>, etc.; <span class="quote greek">χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg031:212a:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg031:212a.8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ph.</span> 212a8 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπόν [ἐστι</span>] c. inf., \'tis <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hard, difficult</span> to do, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:4:651" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:4.651/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 4.651 </a>; c. acc. et inf., \'tis <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">difficult for</span> one to do .. , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:16:620" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:16.620/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 16.620 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:20:313" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:20.313/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 20.313 </a>: c. dat. et inf., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:21:184" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:21.184/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 21.184 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:11:156" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:11.156/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 11.156 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">dangerous,</span> <span class="quote greek">λιμένες</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:19:189" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:19.189/canonical-url/"> 19.189 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">θάλασσα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:24" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.24/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 4.24 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. τὰ παρόντα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:3:2:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:3:2:2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 3.2.2 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> of ground, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">difficult, rugged,</span> <span class="quote greek">χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:9" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.9/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 4.9 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ὁδός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:58" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5.58/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> 5.58 </a> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:328e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:328e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 328e </a>; <span class="quote greek">χ.. . καὶ προσάντης .. ὁδός ἐστιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0405.tlg001:56" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0405.tlg001:56/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Anaxandr.</span> 56 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">πρόσοδοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:2:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:2:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 5.2.3 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">πορεία</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:6:10" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:6:10/canonical-url/"> 5.6.10 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">σταθμός</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:5:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:5:3/canonical-url/"> 4.5.3 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">χωρίον -ώτατον</span> a place <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">most difficult to take,</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:8:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:4:8:2/canonical-url/"> 4.8.2 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> of persons, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern</span> (opp. <span class="foreign greek">πρᾷος,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:493b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:493b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 493b </a> ( Sup.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1126a:26" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1126a.26/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">EN</span> 1126a26 </a>), <span class="foreign greek">βασιλεύς, δαίμων,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:2:232" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:2.232/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 2.232 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:19:201" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:19.201/canonical-url/"> 19.201 </a>; <span class="quote greek">χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:8:575" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:8.575/canonical-url/"> 8.575 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">-ώτερος</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">a more bitter enemy,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:40" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.40/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 3.40 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">-ώτατοι</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">most difficult to deal with, most dangerous</span> or <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">troublesome,</span> ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:42" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:42/canonical-url/"> 42 </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:21" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.21/canonical-url/"> 7.21 </a>; <span class="quote greek">-ώτεροι πάροικοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:113" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.113/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> 3.113 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0541.tlg001:18" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0541.tlg001:18/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Men.</span> 18 </a> : c. dat. pers., <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">cruel</span> or <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">harsh</span> towards one, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:17:388" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:17.388/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 17.388 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:8:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:8.1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 8.1 </a> , etc.; <span class="foreign greek">πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:375c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:375c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 375c </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg035.perseus-grc1:1328a:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg035.perseus-grc1:1328a.8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pol.</span> 1328a8 </a> (also <span class="quote greek">πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:5:17" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:5.17/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cyn.</span> 5.17 </a> ); <span class="quote greek">ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:22:145" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:22.145/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Theoc.</span> 22.145 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-4"> <span><strong>b).</strong></span> of words, <span class="quote greek">χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:245" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.245/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 2.245 </a> , etc.; <span class="quote greek">ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:17:395" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:17.395/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 17.395 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:438" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.438/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 3.438 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:17:189" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:17.189/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 17.189 </a>; <span class="quote greek">φῆμις</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:14:239" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:14.239/canonical-url/"> 14.239 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">μῆνις</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:178" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.178/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 5.178 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-4"> <span><strong>c).</strong></span> esp. of judges, <span class="quote greek">ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:100" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.100/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 1.100 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg032:107d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg032:107d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Criti.</span> 107d </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0027.tlg004.perseus-grc1:36" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0027.tlg004.perseus-grc1:36/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">And.</span> 4.36 </a>; also <span class="quote greek">χ. ἀρχή</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:77" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.77/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 1.77 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τιμωρία</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:39c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002.perseus-grc1:39c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ap.</span> 39c </a> ( Comp.); <span class="quote greek">νόμοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg026:372a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg026:372a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hp.Mi.</span> 372a </a> ( Comp.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:44" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1:44/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 21.44 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg035.perseus-grc1:50" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg035.perseus-grc1:50/canonical-url/"> 35.50 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-4"> <span><strong>d).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">savage, fierce,</span> <span class="quote greek">κύνες</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:8:24" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:5:8:24/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 5.8.24 </a> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:10:23" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:10.23/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cyn.</span> 10.23 </a>; of bees, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014:624b:30" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014:624b.30/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HA</span> 624b30 </a> ( Comp.);[ <span class="quote greek">θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg008.perseus-grc1:274b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg008.perseus-grc1:274b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Plt.</span> 274b </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">ill-tempered, testy,</span> <span class="quote greek">χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:942" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004.perseus-grc1:942/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">V.</span> 942 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg006.perseus-grc1:26" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg006.perseus-grc1:26/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 19.26 </a>; <span class="quote greek">ὀργὴν χ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:131" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.131/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 3.131 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί</span> with a <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">rough</span> hand, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg007.perseus-grc1:1116" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg007.perseus-grc1:1116/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Lys.</span> 1116 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> of plants, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hurtful to the soil,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg001:8:9:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg001:8:9:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Thphr.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HP</span> 8.9.3 </a> ( Sup.). </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>B).</strong></span> Adv. <span class="foreign greek">-πῶς</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hardly, with difficulty,</span> <span class="quote greek">διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:424" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.424/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 7.424 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. δέ σ’ ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:20:186" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:20.186/canonical-url/"> 20.186 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. κε φύγοις κακόν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:684" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:684/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Op.</span> 684 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003.perseus-grc1:121" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003.perseus-grc1:121/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Med.</span> 121 </a> (anap.); <span class="quote greek">χ. γνῶναι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0028.tlg003.perseus-grc1:2:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0028.tlg003.perseus-grc1:2.1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Antipho</span> 3.2.1 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg007.perseus-grc1:18" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg007.perseus-grc1:18/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 1.18 </a> , cf. <span class="bibl"> 44 </span>; <span class="foreign greek">οὐ</span> or <span class="foreign greek">μὴ χ.</span> without <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">much ado,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 1.2 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:81" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.81/canonical-url/"> 7.81 </a>, etc. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hardly, scarcely,</span> <span class="quote greek">δοκέω .. χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:103" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.103/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 7.103 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0540.tlg029.perseus-grc1:2" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0540.tlg029.perseus-grc1:2/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lys.</span> 29.2 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. ἂν πείσαιμι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:84d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-grc1:84d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phd.</span> 84d </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">χ. ἔχει,</span> = <span class="ref greek">χαλεπόν ἐστι</span> , <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:53" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.53/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 3.53 </a>: c. acc. et inf., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:4:6" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:4:6/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 7.4.6 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">painfully, miserably,</span> <span class="quote greek">-ώτερον ζῆν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:579d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:579d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 579d </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἐν τοῖς -ώτατα διῆγον</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:71" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.71/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 7.71 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> of persons, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">angrily, cruelly, harshly,</span> <span class="quote greek">χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3:46" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.46/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> 3.46 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἀποκρίνασθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:42" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5.42/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> 5.42 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:203" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.perseus-grc1:203/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Hipp.</span> 203 </a> (anap.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg011.perseus-grc1:60" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg011.perseus-grc1:60/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ar.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pl.</span> 60 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:269b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg012:269b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phdr.</span> 269b </a>; <span class="foreign greek">χ. φέρειν τι</span> take it <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">ill,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:16" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2.16/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 2.16 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:330a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:330a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 330a </a>, etc.; also <span class="foreign greek">χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:1:29" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:1:29/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 5.1.29 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1:3:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:1:3:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 1.3.3 </a>; <span class="quote greek">ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:4:21" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7:4:21/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 7.4.21 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001:3:50" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001:3.50/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.H.</span> 3.50 </a>; also <span class="quote greek">χ. φέρειν τινός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:62" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2.62/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 2.62 </a> ; also <span class="quote greek">χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:121" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2.121/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 2.121 </a> . <span class="quote greek">δ/; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:61" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6.61/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Th.</span> 6.61 </a> ; of the laws (cf. supr. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:11:1c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc1:11.1c/canonical-url/"> 11.1c </a>), <span class="quote greek">χ. προστάττειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg034.perseus-grc1:925d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg034.perseus-grc1:925d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Lg.</span> 925d </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> freq. in the phrase <span class="foreign greek">χ. ἔχειν</span> to be <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">angry,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:6:4:16" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:6:4:16/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 6.4.16 </a>, etc.; <span class="itype greek">τινι</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">with</span> one, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:5:16" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:5:16/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HG</span> 1.5.16 </a>; <span class="quote greek">πρὸς τοὺς λόγους</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:3" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:3/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 3.3 </a> , cf. <span class="bibl"> 51 </span>; <span class="foreign greek">χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι</span> <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">with</span> persons for a thing, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg020.perseus-grc1:135" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg020.perseus-grc1:135/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 20.135 </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg055:43" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg055:43/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cic.</span> 43 </a>; <span class="quote greek">χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg026.perseus-grc1:5" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg026.perseus-grc1:5/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ep.</span> 7.5 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:500b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:500b/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 500b </a> ; <span class="quote greek">χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg017.perseus-grc1:79" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg017.perseus-grc1:79/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 8.79 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg012:36" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg012:36/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Per.</span> 36 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-4"> <span><strong>b).</strong></span> <span class="foreign greek">χ. ἔχειν,</span> also, to be <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">in a bad way,</span> <span class="quote greek">χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg011.perseus-grc1:176a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg011.perseus-grc1:176a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Smp.</span> 176a </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:142b" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:142b/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Tht.</span> 142b </a>.— Beside the regul. Comp. </div> </div><br><br>'}