A). overbearing, overweening, arrogant, of persons, freq. in Homer, in Il. of the Trojans, 13.621 , 21.459 , al.; in Od. of the Cyclopes, 9.106 (of the Cyclopes in good sense, B. 10.78 ); more freq. of the suitors, Od. 1.134 , 2.310 , al.; Γίγαντες B. 14.62 ; ὑ. γόνος, of a Centaur, Pi. P. 2.42 , cf. O. 10(11).34 , P. 4.111 ; also θυμὸς ὑ. an arrogant spirit, Il. 15.94 ; ἔπος, μῦθοι ὑ., Od. 4.503 , 774 .—Orig. the word seems only to have signified puissant, without any bad sense, as is prob. from Od. 21.289 , where Antinous uses it of himself and the rest of the suitors, ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθ’ ἡμῖν δαίνυσαι; and Aristarch. read ὑπερφίαλον for ὑπέρθυμον in Il. 5.881 : later writers also used it without any bad sense, δεσμὸς ὑ. a huge bond, Pi. Fr. 92 ; οἶνον ὑπερφίαλον κελαρύζετε pour the noble wine, or pour it without stint, Ion Trag. 10 :—this notion appears most clearly in the Adv. ὑπερφιάλως, exceedingly, excessively, ὑ. νεμεσᾶν Il. 13.293 , Od. 17.481 , 21.285 ; ἀνιάζειν Il. 18.300 : but the Adv. also passed into the sense of haughtily, arrogantly, Od. 1.227 , 4.663 , etc. (The old deriv. from ὑπὲρ φιάλην, running over (cf. Ion l.c.), is improbable, but modern explanations are unconvincing.)