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LSJ

τρᾶχος
τράχουρος
τραχυβατέω
τραχύδερμος
τραχυδέρμων
τραχυντικός
τραχύνω
τραχυόδους
τραχυόστρακος
τραχύπους
τραχύς
τράχυσμα
τραχυσμός
τραχύστομος
τραχύτης
τραχύφλοιος
τραχυφωνέω
τραχυφωνία
τραχύφωνος
τράχω
τραχώδης
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τραχύς
τρᾱχ-ύς, εῖα, : Ep. and Ion. τρηχύς, fem. -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης, neut. -ύ ( Hom. (v. infr.), Hes. Op. 291 , Theoc. 25.74 ); in Ion. Prose fem. τρηχέᾰ, acc. τρηχέᾰν, gen. τρηχέης, dat. τρηχέῃ (imperfectly preserved in codd.; in Hdt. 4.23 , 9.122 , codd. ABCP have τρηχέη, -έην, -έης, RSV have -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης; for codd. Hp. v. Kühleweinip. lxxxvi); τρηχείην (before conson.) Simon. 89 codd., A.R. 2.375 codd.; τρηχείης (as pr. n.) Hippon. 47 ; gen. pl. neut.
A). ἐρίων .. τρηχείων GDI 5633.14 (Teos); dual in Trag. τραχεῖ, Ion Trag. 67 :—jagged, λίθος Il. 5.308 ; χαλινοί, opp. λεῖοι, X. Eq. 9.9 , cf. 10.6 ; τ. καὶ γωνιοειδής Thphr. Sens. 65 ; prickly, ἄκανθαι, ἄκανθα, Plu. 2.32e , 138d (both Sup.); rugged, ἀκτή, ἀταρπός, Od. 5.425 , 14.1 ; as epith. of Ithaca, 9.27 , 10.417 ; so γῆ λιθώδης καὶ τρηχέα Hdt. 4.23 ; Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης, of the Crimea, ib. 99 ; and freq. in Trag. and Att. of rocky districts, A. Pr. 726 , E. Fr. 1083 ; τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα, X. Cyn. 4.10 , Plu. Flam. 4 ; τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός Pl. R. 328e ; also, rough, γλῶσσα Hp. Morb. 2.63 ; ἔρια GDI l. c., PCair.Zen. 287.2 (iii B. C.); σφόγγοι ib. 12.56 (iii B. C.); χῆμαι ib. 82.12 (iii B. C.); σινδόνες (towels, opp. μαλακαί) Gal. 6.418 ; χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα ib. 417 ; τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ. Diocl.Fr. 26 ; βλέφαρα Sor. 2.16 , PTeb. 273 intr. (ii/iii A. D.); shaggy, τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής, of Pan, Pl. Cra. 408d , cf. 420e ; λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ]. . ἔχοντες Id. Tht. 194e ; τ. σώματα, opp. λεῖα, X. Mem. 3.10.1 ; of the voice, harsh, Pl. Ti. 67c , etc.; esp. of the voice of boys, when it breaks, μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ -ύτερον Arist. HA 581a18 ; τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς Plu. Mar. 14 ; and of a person, τῇ φωνῇ τ. X. An. 2.6.9 ; also τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα (cf. τραχύστομος) Str. 14.2.28 ; of sounds and their combinations, harsh, opp. λεῖος, σύνθεσις, διάλεκτος, Phld. Po.Herc. 994.32 , 36 :—on τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία, v. ἀρτηρία.
2). of battle and conflict, ὑσμίνη Hes. Sc. 119 ; νιφὰς πολέμοιο Pi. I. 4(3).17(35) , cf. Simon. 89 ; φάλαγγες Tyrt. 12.22 .
3). of natural forces, ῥόθιον A. Pr. 1048 (anap.); -ύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι Pl. Ti. 84c ; of a river, Plu. Alex. 60 , etc.; ἄελλαι A.R. 1.1078 .
4). of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, rough, harsh, savage, τ. ἔφεδρος Pi. N. 4.96 ; οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν I am not niggardly in paying, ib. 7.76 ; Ἡσυχία Id. P. 8.10 ; ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ A. Pr. 35 , cf. 188 (anap.), 326 ; δικαστὴς τ. εἶ Id. Ag. 1421 ; τ. γε .. δῆμος Id. Th. 1049 ; τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους Id. Pr. 313 ; τ. ὀργή E. Med. 447 ; λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα Pl. Ti. 63e ; νόμοι τραχύτατοι Id. Lg. 864c ; τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου, Id. Cra. 406a , R. 452c ; -ύτερα πράγματα Isoc. 7.18 ; εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει smooths the rough places, Sol. 4.35 .
II). Adv. τρᾱχέως, Ion. τρηχέως, rare in the literal sense, roughly, τ. ὑλακτεῖν Plu. Arat. 8 ; neut. as Adv., τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει Theoc. 25.74 ; θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ AP 5.179 ( Mel.).
2). of men's acts, τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά handle roughly, Hdt. 1.73 , 114 ; τραχέως ἔχειν to be rough, harshly disposed, Isoc. 3.33 ; τινι D. 19.45 ; -ύτερον ἄρχειν Isoc. 3.55 ; τ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι Plu. Phoc. 21 , etc.; τ. φέρειν take hardly, Id. Lys. 15 ; rarely τραχυτέρως, Pl. Clit. 406a ; περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα Hdt. 6.15 . (Prob. cogn. with θράσσω, cf. ἐνθράσσω.)


ShortDef

rugged, rough

Debugging

Headword:
τραχύς
Headword (normalized):
τραχύς
Headword (normalized/stripped):
τραχυς
IDX:
104629
URN:
urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-104630
Key:

Data

{'content': '<div class="entry"> <span class="orth greek">τρᾱχ-ύς</span>, <span class="itype greek">εῖα</span>, <span class="itype greek">ύ</span> : Ep. and Ion. <span class="orth greek">τρηχύς</span>, fem. <span class="foreign greek">-εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης,</span> neut. <span class="foreign greek">-ύ</span> (<span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hom.</span> </span> (v. infr.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:291" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002.perseus-grc1:291/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Op.</span> 291 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:25:74" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:25.74/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Theoc.</span> 25.74 </a>); in Ion. Prose fem. <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέᾰ,</span> acc. <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέᾰν,</span> gen. <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέης,</span> dat. <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέῃ</span> (imperfectly preserved in codd.; in <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:23" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.23/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 4.23 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9:122" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9.122/canonical-url/"> 9.122 </a>, codd. ABCP have <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέη, -έην, -έης,</span> RSV have <span class="foreign greek">-εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης;</span> for codd. <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hp.</span> </span> v. Kühleweinip. lxxxvi); <span class="foreign greek">τρηχείην</span> (before conson.) <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0261.tlg001:89" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0261.tlg001:89/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Simon.</span> 89 </a> codd., <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0001.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2:375" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0001.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2.375/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.R.</span> 2.375 </a> codd.; <span class="foreign greek">τρηχείης</span> (as pr. n.) <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0233.tlg001:47" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0233.tlg001:47/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hippon.</span> 47 </a>; gen. pl. neut. <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-1"> <span><strong>A).</strong></span> <span class="quote greek">ἐρίων .. τρηχείων</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">GDI</span> 5633.14 </span> (Teos); dual in Trag. <span class="foreign greek">τραχεῖ,</span> Ion Trag.<span class="bibl"> 67 </span>:—<span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">jagged,</span> <span class="quote greek">λίθος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5:308" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.308/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Il.</span> 5.308 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">χαλινοί,</span> opp. <span class="foreign greek">λεῖοι,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg013.perseus-grc1:9:9" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg013.perseus-grc1:9.9/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Eq.</span> 9.9 </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg013.perseus-grc1:10:6" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg013.perseus-grc1:10.6/canonical-url/"> 10.6 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τ. καὶ γωνιοειδής</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg003:65" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg003:65/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Thphr.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Sens.</span> 65 </a> ; <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">prickly,</span> <span class="foreign greek">ἄκανθαι, ἄκανθα,</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> 2.32e </span>, <span class="bibl"> 138d </span> (both Sup.); <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">rugged,</span> <span class="foreign greek">ἀκτή, ἀταρπός,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:5:425" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:5.425/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Od.</span> 5.425 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:14:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:14.1/canonical-url/"> 14.1 </a>; as epith. of Ithaca, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:9:27" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:9.27/canonical-url/"> 9.27 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc1:10:417" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.417/canonical-url/"> 10.417 </a>; so <span class="quote greek">γῆ λιθώδης καὶ τρηχέα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4:23" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.23/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 4.23 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης,</span> of the Crimea, ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:99" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:99/canonical-url/"> 99 </a>; and freq. in Trag. and Att. of rocky districts, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:726" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:726/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 726 </a>, <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Fr.</span> 1083 </span>; <span class="foreign greek">τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:4:10" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg014.perseus-grc1:4.10/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cyn.</span> 4.10 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028:4" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028:4/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Flam.</span> 4 </a>; <span class="quote greek">τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:328e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:328e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 328e </a> ; also, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">rough,</span> <span class="quote greek">γλῶσσα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0627.tlg023:2:63" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0627.tlg023:2.63/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hp.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Morb.</span> 2.63 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">ἔρια</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">GDI</span> l. c., <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">PCair.Zen.</span> 287.2 </span> (iii B. C.); <span class="foreign greek">σφόγγοι</span> ib.<span class="bibl"> 12.56 </span> (iii B. C.); <span class="foreign greek">χῆμαι</span> ib.<span class="bibl"> 82.12 </span> (iii B. C.); <span class="foreign greek">σινδόνες</span> (towels, opp. <span class="foreign greek">μαλακαί</span>) <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gal.</span> 6.418 </span>; <span class="foreign greek">χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα</span> ib.<span class="bibl"> 417 </span>; <span class="quote greek">τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0664.tlg001:26" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0664.tlg001:26/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Diocl.Fr.</span> 26 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">βλέφαρα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0565.tlg001:2:16" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0565.tlg001:2.16/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sor.</span> 2.16 </a> , <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">PTeb.</span> 273 </span> intr. (ii/iii A. D.); <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">shaggy,</span> <span class="foreign greek">τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής,</span> of Pan, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:408d" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:408d/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cra.</span> 408d </a>, cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:420e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:420e/canonical-url/"> 420e </a>; <span class="quote greek">λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ]. . ἔχοντες</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:194e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006.perseus-grc1:194e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Tht.</span> 194e </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">τ. σώματα,</span> opp. <span class="foreign greek">λεῖα,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3:10:1" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg002.perseus-grc1:3:10:1/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mem.</span> 3.10.1 </a>; of the voice, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">harsh,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:67c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:67c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ti.</span> 67c </a>, etc.; esp. of the voice of boys, when it breaks, <span class="quote greek">μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ -ύτερον</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014:581a:18" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014:581a.18/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arist.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">HA</span> 581a18 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg031:14" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg031:14/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Mar.</span> 14 </a> ; and of a person, <span class="quote greek">τῇ φωνῇ τ.</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:2:6:9" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006.perseus-grc1:2:6:9/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">X.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">An.</span> 2.6.9 </a> ; also <span class="foreign greek">τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα</span> (cf. <span class="foreign greek">τραχύστομος</span>) <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:14:2:28" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:14:2:28/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Str.</span> 14.2.28 </a>; of sounds and their combinations, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">harsh,</span> opp. <span class="foreign greek">λεῖος, σύνθεσις, διάλεκτος,</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Phld.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Po.Herc.</span> 994.32 </span>,<span class="bibl"> 36 </span>:—on <span class="foreign greek">τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία,</span> v. <span class="ref greek">ἀρτηρία.</span> </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> of battle and conflict, <span class="quote greek">ὑσμίνη</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg003.perseus-grc1:119" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg003.perseus-grc1:119/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hes.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Sc.</span> 119 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">νιφὰς πολέμοιο</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg004.perseus-grc1:4(3).17(35)" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg004.perseus-grc1:4(3).17(35)/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">I.</span> 4(3).17(35) </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0261.tlg001:89" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0261.tlg001:89/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Simon.</span> 89 </a>; <span class="quote greek">φάλαγγες</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0266.tlg001:12:22" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0266.tlg001:12.22/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tyrt.</span> 12.22 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>3).</strong></span> of natural forces, <span class="quote greek">ῥόθιον</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1048" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:1048/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 1048 </a> (anap.); <span class="quote greek">-ύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:84c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:84c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ti.</span> 84c </a> ; of a river, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047:60" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047:60/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Alex.</span> 60 </a>, etc.; <span class="quote greek">ἄελλαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0001.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:1078" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0001.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.1078/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.R.</span> 1.1078 </a> . </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>4).</strong></span> of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">rough, harsh, savage,</span> <span class="quote greek">τ. ἔφεδρος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:4:96" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:4.96/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pi.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">N.</span> 4.96 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν</span> I am not <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">niggardly</span> in paying, ib.<a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:7:76" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003.perseus-grc1:7.76/canonical-url/"> 7.76 </a>; <span class="quote greek">Ἡσυχία</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:8:10" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-grc1:8.10/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">P.</span> 8.10 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:35" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:35/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">A.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 35 </a> , cf. <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:188" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:188/canonical-url/"> 188 </a> (anap.), <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:326" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:326/canonical-url/"> 326 </a>; <span class="quote greek">δικαστὴς τ. εἶ</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1421" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg005.perseus-grc1:1421/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ag.</span> 1421 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τ. γε .. δῆμος</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:1049" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004.perseus-grc1:1049/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Th.</span> 1049 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:313" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:313/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Pr.</span> 313 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τ. ὀργή</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003.perseus-grc1:447" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003.perseus-grc1:447/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">E.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Med.</span> 447 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:63e" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg031:63e/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Ti.</span> 63e </a> ; <span class="quote greek">νόμοι τραχύτατοι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg034.perseus-grc1:864c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg034.perseus-grc1:864c/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Lg.</span> 864c </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:406a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg005.perseus-grc1:406a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Cra.</span> 406a </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:452c" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030.perseus-grc1:452c/canonical-url/"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">R.</span> 452c </a>; <span class="quote greek">-ύτερα πράγματα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg018.perseus-grc1:18" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg018.perseus-grc1:18/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 7.18 </a> ; <span class="foreign greek">εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει</span> smooths <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">the rough places,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0263.tlg001:4:35" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0263.tlg001:4.35/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sol.</span> 4.35 </a>. </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-2"> <span><strong>II).</strong></span> Adv. <span class="foreign greek">τρᾱχέως,</span> Ion. <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέως,</span> rare in the literal sense, <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">roughly,</span> <span class="quote greek">τ. ὑλακτεῖν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg063:8" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg063:8/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Arat.</span> 8 </a> ; neut. as Adv., <span class="quote greek">τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:25:74" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0005.tlg001.perseus-grc1:25.74/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Theoc.</span> 25.74 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ</span> <span class="bibl"> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">AP</span> 5.179 </span> (<span class="bibl"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mel.</span></span>). </div> <div style="margin-top: 1.0em;" class="sense depth-3"> <span><strong>2).</strong></span> of men\'s acts, <span class="foreign greek">τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά</span> handle <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">roughly,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1:73" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.73/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 1.73 </a>, <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:114" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:114/canonical-url/"> 114 </a>; <span class="foreign greek">τραχέως ἔχειν</span> to be <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">rough, harshly disposed,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:33" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:33/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 3.33 </a>; <span class="itype greek">τινι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg019.perseus-grc1:45" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg019.perseus-grc1:45/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">D.</span> 19.45 </a>; <span class="quote greek">-ύτερον ἄρχειν</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:55" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0010.tlg014.perseus-grc1:55/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Isoc.</span> 3.55 </a> ; <span class="quote greek">τ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg049:21" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg049:21/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plu.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Phoc.</span> 21 </a> , etc.; <span class="foreign greek">τ. φέρειν</span> take <span class="tr" style="font-weight: bold;">hardly,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg032:15" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg032:15/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Id.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Lys.</span> 15 </a>; rarely <span class="foreign greek">τραχυτέρως,</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg029:406a" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg029:406a/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pl.</span> <span class="title" style="font-style: italic;">Clit.</span> 406a </a>; <span class="quote greek">περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα</span> <a class="bibl" target="_blank" data-urn="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6:15" href="https://catalog-api-dev.scaife.eldarion.com/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:6.15/canonical-url/"> <span class="author" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hdt.</span> 6.15 </a> . (Prob. cogn. with <span class="foreign greek">θράσσω,</span> cf. <span class="foreign greek">ἐνθράσσω.</span>)</div> </div><br><br>'}