ὡς — Cambridge Greek Lexicon

ὡςalsoὥςὧςadv The wd. has five main functions: (A) demonstr.adv. so, likewise; (B) relatv.adv. as, as much as, as if; (C) exclam.adv. how, oh!; (D) conj. that, so that, because; (E) prep. of motion to (w.acc. a person). Aὥςalsoὧςdemonstr.advreltd.ὁ modifying a vb.like this, in this way, soHom. Lyr. Hdt. Trag.ὣς ἔφατοso he spokeHom. Hes. hHom. AR. as correlatv. in comparisons, w.relatv.adv. B 2ὡς ... ὥςas ... soHom.εἴθ’ ὡς θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν, ὥς τοι γούναθ’ ἕποιτοas is the spirit in your own breast, so may your limbs obeyIl.also as correlatv.w. οἷα, ὥσπερ, or sim.Hom. quasi-conj., in phrs.καὶ ὥςὧςnevertheless, even soHom. Hes. Th.οὐδ᾿ ὥςὧςnot even soHom. Hdt. S. Th. intensv., w.adj.ὣς πυκνός or μαλακόςso solidsoftHom. Bὡςpostpos.ὥς

dial.ὡrelatv.advreltd.ὅς1 making a comparisonin the same way asas, just as Hom.πάντα μάλ’ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλωtell him all my words truly, as I command youIl. w.correlatv.adv. A 2ὡς ... ὥςas ... soHom. modifying ptcpls.as, as ifsthg. were the caseHom.λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλόταςthey speak of us as if we were deadA.w.prep.phr.ὡς ἐκ κακῶνas if released from troublesHdt.ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίανas if going to battleTh. quasi-prep., modifying a nounlikew.nom.a god, person, object, or sim.Hom.postpos. Hom. Trag. Call. AR.πατὴρ δ’ ὣς ἤπιος ἦενhe was kind, like a fatherOd.parenth., w.vb. or phr., modifying the main cl.asὡς ἔοικε, ὡς ἤκουσαas it seems, as I heardHdt. S. E.ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖas it seems to meHdt. Trag. Th. Att.orats.ὡς ἐμοίin my viewS.ὡς ἀπ᾿ ὀμμάτωνto judge by sightS.ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳas the story isHdt.ὡς συντόμως εἰπεῖνto speak brieflyIsoc. Pl. X.ὡς ἀληθῶςtruly, in factHdt. E. Att.orats.ὡς ἑτέρωςthe other way, contrarilyPl. D. w.superl.adv.as much asHippon. Pi. Hdt.ὡς μάλισταas much as possibleHdt. Trag. Ar.ὡς τάχισταas quickly as possibleHippon.w. many, mostὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς τὸ πλεῖον, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθοςfor the most partTh. Att.orats.w.superl.adjs., prep.phrs.ὡς ἄριστος, ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστονas good as possible, as little as possibleTh. Att.orats. Pl. distributive, w.adjs.ὡς ἕκαστος, ὡς ἕκαστοιeach by himself or herself, severallyPi. Hdt. Th. Arist.w. numbersas ifabout, approximatelyHdt. temporalwhen, asusu.ref. to the past, w.indic.opt.Hom.ἐνῶρτο γέλως ... ὡς ἴδον Ἥφαιστονlaughter rang out ... when they saw HephaistosIl.w.correlatv.ὡς εἶδ’, ὣς ἀνέπαλτοwhen he saw him, then he jumped upIl.ὡς τάχισταw. finite cl.as soon assthg. happenedHdt. X. Aeschin. ref. to locationwhereTheoc. Cὡςexclam.adv how!Hom.ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάριςwhat a lack of gratitude there is!Od.φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόνhow terrible it is to have wisdom!S.ὡς ἀπωλόμεσθαnow we're done for!Ar.in wishesoh!w.opt.may someone or something perish!Hom. S. E. Dὡςconj introducing indir.cl.howsthg. was or might be the caseHom.κατέλεξεν ὥς μιν θηρεύοντ᾿ ἔλασεν σῦςhe recounted how a boar wounded him while he was huntingOd.μερμήριζε ... ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσῃhe was considering how he might honour AchillesIl. introducing statements after vbs. of thought or speech, similar to ὅτιthe fact thatthatsthg. is the caseHom.sts. also app. w.advbl. forceοἶσθ᾿ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐρινύες αἰὲν ἕπονταιyou know howor thatErinyes always side with the elderIl.after vbs. of showingπνεῦμα ... δείκνυσιν ὥς τι καινὸν ἀγγελεῖ κακόνhis breathing shows that he is about to announce some new disasterE.w. no main vb.δῆλον ὡς ...it is clear thatsthg. is the caseE. Pl.indicating possibility or necessityοὐκ ἔσθ᾿ ὡςthere is no way thatsthg. is the casehHom. S. Pl. indicating purposeso that, in order thatw. ἄνκεν + subj.opt.sthg. might be the caseHom.στείχωμεν ὡς ἂν ἐν πυρᾷ θῶμεν νεκρόνlet us go to place the corpse on the pyreE. indicating result, w.inf.so that, consequentlyA. Hdt.of a mountainὑψηλὸν οὕτω ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαιso high that it is impossible to see its peaksHdt. indicating cause, after vbs. of emotionthat, becauseHom.ἦε σύ γ᾿ Ἀργείων ὀλοφύρεαι ὡς ὀλέκονταιdo you lament for the Argives, thatbecausethey are being slain?Il. introducing a reason or strong assertionfor the fact is that, for, since, becauseS. E. Ar. Pl.τί λέγεις; ὡς οὐ μανθάνωwhat are you saying?I askbecause I don't understandS.affirming or negatingyesno becauseS. E. Ar. Eὡςprep ref. to persons approaching or goingtow.acc.someoneOd.dub. Hdt. S. Th.ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντοthey sent envoys to AgisTh.

ShortDef

as, how

Debugging

Headword:

ὡς

Headword (normalized):

ὡς

Headword (normalized/stripped):

ως

Intro Text:

IDX:

27608

URN:

urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:cambridge-greek-lexicon-27609

Key:

Senses and Citations (From Data)

Citations (From Models)

No citations.

Data

{
  "headword": "ὡς",
  "data": {
    "headword_display": "<b>ὡς</b>",
    "content": "<FE><vHG><HL>ὡς<VL><Lbl>also</Lbl><FmHL>ὥς</FmHL><FmHL>ὧς</FmHL></VL></HL><PS>adv</PS> <FG><Case><Lbl>The wd. has five main functions: (<bold>A</bold>) demonstr.adv. <ital>so, likewise</ital>; (<bold>B</bold>) relatv.adv. <ital>as, as much as, as if</ital>; (<bold>C</bold>) exclam.adv. <ital>how, oh!</ital>; (<bold>D</bold>) conj. <ital>that, so that, because</ital>; (<bold>E</bold>) prep. of motion <ital>to</ital> (<GLbl>w.acc.</GLbl> <ital>a person</ital>).</Lbl></Case></FG></vHG> <Adv><vHG><Lbl><bold>A</bold></Lbl><HL>ὥς<VL><Lbl>also</Lbl><FmHL>ὧς</FmHL></VL></HL><PS>demonstr.adv</PS><Ety>reltd.<Ref>ὁ</Ref></Ety></vHG> <advS1><Indic>modifying a vb.</Indic><Tr>like this, in this way, so</Tr><Au>Hom. Lyr. Hdt. Trag.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ὣς ἔφατο</Gr><TrPhr>so he spoke<Au>Hom. Hes. hHom. AR.</Au></TrPhr></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Phr><Indic>as correlatv. in comparisons, w.relatv.adv. B 2</Indic><Gr>ὡς ... ὥς</Gr><TrPhr>as ... so</TrPhr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><AdvPhr><Gr>εἴθ’ ὡς θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν<rom>,</rom> ὥς τοι γούναθ’ ἕποιτο</Gr><TrPhr>as is the spirit in your own breast, so may your limbs obey</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>also as correlatv.w. <Ref>οἷα</Ref>, <Ref>ὥσπερ</Ref>, or sim.</Indic><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></advS2></advS1> <advS1><Indic>quasi-conj., in phrs.</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>καὶ ὥς<Expl><Gr>ὧς</Gr></Expl></Gr><TrPhr>nevertheless, even so</TrPhr><Au>Hom. Hes. Th.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>οὐδ᾿ ὥς<Expl><Gr>ὧς</Gr></Expl></Gr><TrPhr>not even so</TrPhr><Au>Hom. Hdt. S. Th.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Phr><Indic>intensv., w.adj.</Indic><Gr>ὣς πυκνός <rom>or</rom> μαλακός</Gr><TrPhr>so solid<or/>soft</TrPhr><Au>Hom.</Au></Phr></advS1> </Adv> <Adv><vHG><Lbl><bold>B</bold></Lbl><HL>ὡς<VL><Lbl>postpos.</Lbl><FmHL>ὥς</FmHL></VL></HL><DL><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><FmHL>ὡ</FmHL></DL><PS>relatv.adv</PS><Ety>reltd.<Ref>ὅς<Hm>1</Hm></Ref></Ety></vHG> <advS1><Indic>making a comparison</Indic><Def>in the same way as</Def><Tr>as, just as</Tr> <Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>πάντα μάλ’ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω</Gr><TrPhr>tell him all my words truly, as I command you</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Phr><Indic>w.correlatv.adv. <Form>ὥς</Form> A 2</Indic><Gr>ὡς ... ὥς</Gr><TrPhr>as ... so</TrPhr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>modifying ptcpls.</Indic><Tr>as, as if<Expl>sthg. were the case</Expl></Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας</Gr><TrPhr>they speak of us as if we were dead</TrPhr><Au>A.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>w.prep.phr.</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἐκ κακῶν</Gr><TrPhr>as if released from troubles</TrPhr><Au>Hdt.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν</Gr><TrPhr>as if going to battle</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></AdvPhr></advS2></advS1> <advS1><Indic>quasi-prep., modifying a noun</Indic><Tr>like</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.nom.</GLbl>a god, person, object, or sim.<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl><advS2><Indic>postpos. <Form>ὥς</Form></Indic><Au>Hom. Trag. Call. AR.</Au><AdvPhr><Gr>πατὴρ δ’ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν</Gr><TrPhr>he was kind, like a father</TrPhr><Au>Od.</Au></AdvPhr></advS2></advS1><advS1><Indic>parenth., w.vb. or phr., modifying the main cl.</Indic><Tr>as</Tr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἔοικε<rom>,</rom> ὡς ἤκουσα</Gr><TrPhr>as it seems, as I heard</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. S. E.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ</Gr><TrPhr>as it seems to me</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. Trag. Th. Att.orats.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἐμοί</Gr><TrPhr>in my view</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἀπ᾿ ὀμμάτων</Gr><TrPhr>to judge by sight</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ</Gr><TrPhr>as the story is</TrPhr><Au>Hdt.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς συντόμως εἰπεῖν</Gr><TrPhr>to speak briefly</TrPhr><Au>Isoc. Pl. X.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἀληθῶς</Gr><TrPhr>truly, in fact</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. E. Att.orats.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἑτέρως</Gr><TrPhr>the other way, contrarily</TrPhr><Au>Pl. D.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>w.superl.adv.</Indic><Tr>as much as</Tr><Au>Hippon. Pi. Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς μάλιστα</Gr><TrPhr>as much as possible</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. Trag. Ar.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς τάχιστα</Gr><TrPhr>as quickly as possible</TrPhr><Au>Hippon.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>w. <ital>many, most</ital></Indic><Gr>ὡς τὸ πολύ<rom>,</rom> ὡς τὸ πλεῖον<rom>,</rom> ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος</Gr><TrPhr>for the most part</TrPhr><Au>Th. Att.orats.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>w.superl.adjs., prep.phrs.</Indic><Gr>ὡς ἄριστος<rom>,</rom> ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον</Gr><TrPhr>as good as possible, as little as possible</TrPhr><Au>Th. Att.orats. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Phr><Indic>distributive, w.adjs.</Indic><Gr>ὡς ἕκαστος<rom>,</rom> ὡς ἕκαστοι</Gr><TrPhr>each by himself or herself, severally</TrPhr><Au>Pi. Hdt. Th. Arist.</Au></Phr><advS2><Indic>w. numbers</Indic><Def>as if</Def><Tr>about, approximately</Tr><Au>Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au></advS2></advS1> <advS1><Indic>temporal</Indic><Tr>when, as<Expl>usu.ref. to the past, <GLbl>w.indic.<or/>opt.</GLbl></Expl></Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ἐνῶρτο γέλως ... ὡς ἴδον Ἥφαιστον</Gr><TrPhr>laughter rang out ... when they saw Hephaistos</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>w.correlatv.</Indic><Gr>ὡς εἶδ’<rom>,</rom> ὣς ἀνέπαλτο</Gr><TrPhr>when he saw him, then he jumped up</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς τάχιστα<Expl>w. finite cl.</Expl></Gr><TrPhr>as soon as<Expl>sthg. happened</Expl></TrPhr><Au>Hdt. X. Aeschin.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>ref. to location</Indic><Tr>where</Tr><Au>Theoc.</Au></advS1> </Adv> <Adv><vHG><Lbl><bold>C</bold></Lbl><HL>ὡς</HL><PS>exclam.adv</PS></vHG> <advS1><Tr>how!</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις</Gr><TrPhr>what a lack of gratitude there is!</TrPhr><Au>Od.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόν</Gr><TrPhr>how terrible it is to have wisdom!</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς ἀπωλόμεσθα</Gr><TrPhr>now we're done for!</TrPhr><Au>Ar.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>in wishes</Indic><Tr>oh!</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.opt.</GLbl>may someone or something perish!<Au>Hom. S. E.</Au></Cmpl></advS2></advS1> </Adv> <Adv><vHG><Lbl><bold>D</bold></Lbl><HL>ὡς</HL><PS>conj</PS></vHG> <advS1><Indic>introducing indir.cl.</Indic><Tr>how<Expl>sthg. was or might be the case</Expl></Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>κατέλεξεν ὥς μιν θηρεύοντ᾿ ἔλασεν σῦς</Gr><TrPhr>he recounted how a boar wounded him while he was hunting</TrPhr><Au>Od.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>μερμήριζε ... ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσῃ</Gr><TrPhr>he was considering how he might honour Achilles</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>introducing statements after vbs. of thought or speech, similar to <Ref>ὅτι</Ref></Indic><Def>the fact that</Def><Tr>that<Expl>sthg. is the case</Expl></Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Indic>sts. also app. w.advbl. force</Indic><Gr>οἶσθ᾿ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐρινύες αἰὲν ἕπονται</Gr><TrPhr>you know how<Prnth><rom>or</rom> that</Prnth>Erinyes always side with the elder</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>after vbs. of showing</Indic><Gr>πνεῦμα ... δείκνυσιν ὥς τι καινὸν ἀγγελεῖ κακόν</Gr><TrPhr>his breathing shows that he is about to announce some new disaster</TrPhr><Au>E.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>w. no main vb.</Indic><Gr>δῆλον ὡς ...</Gr><TrPhr>it is clear that<Expl>sthg. is the case</Expl></TrPhr><Au>E. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Indic>indicating possibility or necessity</Indic><Gr>οὐκ ἔσθ᾿ ὡς</Gr><TrPhr>there is no way that<Expl>sthg. is the case</Expl></TrPhr><Au>hHom. S. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>indicating purpose</Indic><Tr>so that, in order that<Expl><GLbl>w. <Ref>ἄν</Ref><or/><Ref>κεν</Ref> + subj.<or/>opt.</GLbl>sthg. might be the case</Expl></Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>στείχωμεν ὡς ἂν ἐν πυρᾷ θῶμεν νεκρόν</Gr><TrPhr>let us go to place the corpse on the pyre</TrPhr><Au>E.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>indicating result, <GLbl>w.inf.</GLbl></Indic><Tr>so that, consequently</Tr><Au>A. Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Indic>of a mountain</Indic><Gr>ὑψηλὸν οὕτω ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι</Gr><TrPhr>so high that it is impossible to see its peaks</TrPhr><Au>Hdt.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>indicating cause, after vbs. of emotion</Indic><Tr>that, because</Tr><Au>Hom.</Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ἦε σύ γ᾿ Ἀργείων ὀλοφύρεαι ὡς ὀλέκονται</Gr><TrPhr>do you lament for the Argives, that<Prnth>because</Prnth>they are being slain?</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> <advS1><Indic>introducing a reason or strong assertion</Indic><Tr>for the fact is that, for, since, because</Tr><Au>S. E. Ar. Pl.</Au><AdvPhr><Gr>τί λέγεις; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω</Gr><TrPhr>what are you saying?<Prnth>I ask</Prnth>because I don't understand</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>affirming or negating</Indic><Tr>yes<or/>no because</Tr><Au>S. E. Ar.</Au></advS2></advS1> </Adv> <Adv><vHG><Lbl><bold>E</bold></Lbl><HL>ὡς</HL><PS>prep</PS></vHG> <advS1><Indic>ref. to persons approaching or going</Indic><Tr>to</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.acc.</GLbl>someone<Au>Od.<LblR>dub.</LblR> Hdt. S. Th.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl><AdvPhr><Gr>ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο</Gr><TrPhr>they sent envoys to Agis</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1> </Adv> </FE>",
    "key": "ὡς"
  },
  "senses": [],
  "citations": [],
  "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:cambridge-greek-lexicon-27609"
}