Scaife ATLAS

γάρpclγεἄραThe main uses are given in six groups: (A) causal (offering the reason for what precedes); (B) explanatory (explaining or amplifying what precedes); (C) anticipatory (preceding the cl. for which it offers the reason or explanation, or inserted parenth. within it); (D) in responses (to statements or qs., usu. expressing assent or confirmation); (E) in interrogative responses (exploring the consequences of a preceding statement); (F) with other pcls. or conjs. Only the most common applications of the wd. are illustrated. It normally stands in second position, sts. later.A causalfor, because, sinceHom.τῇ δεκάτῃ δ᾿ ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς· τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶνand on the tenth day Achilles called the troops to an assembly; for the white-armed goddess Hera put it in his mind, because she was concerned for the DanaansIl.B explanatorywhat I mean is that, the fact is thatHom.ἀλλὰ τόδ᾿ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· ῞Εκτωρ γάρ ποτε φήσει ...but this is the terrible anxiety that assails my heart, that one day Hector will say ...Il.introducing a proof or exampleμαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γὰρ καθαιρομένης ...here is the evidence: that when Delos was being purified ...Th.C anticipatory, freq. after a voc. addresssince, asHom.Ἀτρείδη ... πολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί ... τώ σε χρή ...son of Atreus ... since many long-haired Achaeans have been killed ... so you must ...Il.parenth.νῦν δ᾿, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἄκουσα θεοῦ καὶ ἐσέδρακον ἄντην, εἶμιbut nowsince I have heard the goddess and seen her face to faceI shall goIl.D in responsesκαὶ δῆτ᾿ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾿ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους; —οὐ γάρ τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδεAnd so did you dare to transgress these laws? —Yes, for it was not Zeus who made this proclamationS.φασίν νιν ... οἴχεσθαι δορί. —ἔστιν γὰρ οὕτωςThey say itTroyhas been destroyed by warfare. —Yes, that is soE.in elliptical rhetorical q.τί γάρ;certainlyi.e. for what else could be the case?Trag. Pl.For ἦ γάρ; isn't that right? see ἦ1 2; for πῶς γάρ; how could that (not) be so? see πῶς 9.Ein interrogative responsesἐγώ σ᾿ ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω. —πατροκτονοῦσα γὰρ ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί;I brought you up and want to grow old with you. —Then are you going to live with me when you are my father's murderer?A.ἦ ζῇ γὰρ ἁνήρ; —εἴπερ ἔμψυχός γ᾿ ἐγώ. —ἦ γὰρ σὺ κεῖνος;Soin the light of what you have saidis the man alive? —Yes, at least if I am alive. —Sodo you mean thatyou are he?S.F freq. w. another pcl. or conj.esp. ἀλλὰ γάρ orw. a wd. interposedἀλλὰ ... γάρbut as a matter of fact, howeverHom.γὰρ οὖνfor indeed, for in factHom.καὶ γάρyes indeed, and in factHom.οὐ γὰρ ἀλλάfor in fact, for actuallyE. Ar. Call.For εἰ γάρ (in wishes) see εἰ 2; see also τοιγάρτοιγαροῦντοιγάρτοι.

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Headword:

γάρ

Headword (normalized):

γάρ

Headword (normalized/stripped):

γαρ

IDX:

17565

URN:

urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:cambridge-greek-lexicon-17566

Key:

γάρ

Data

{'headword_display': '<b>γάρ</b>', 'content': "<FE><vHG><HL>γάρ</HL><PS>pcl</PS><Ety><Ref>γε</Ref><Ref>ἄρα</Ref></Ety><FG><Tns><Lbl>The main uses are given in six groups: (<bold>A</bold>) causal (offering the reason for what precedes); (<bold>B</bold>) explanatory (explaining or amplifying what precedes); (<bold>C</bold>) anticipatory (preceding the cl. for which it offers the reason or explanation, or inserted parenth. within it); (<bold>D</bold>) in responses (to statements or qs., usu. expressing assent or confirmation); (<bold>E</bold>) in interrogative responses (exploring the consequences of a preceding statement); (<bold>F</bold>) with other pcls. or conjs. Only the most common applications of the wd. are illustrated. It normally stands in second position, sts. later.</Lbl></Tns></FG></vHG><NPS><Lbl><bold>A</bold></Lbl> <advS1><Indic>causal</Indic><Tr>for, because, since</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>τῇ δεκάτῃ δ᾿ ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς· τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶν</Gr><TrPhr>and on the tenth day Achilles called the troops to an assembly; for the white-armed goddess Hera put it in his mind, because she was concerned for the Danaans</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1></NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>B</bold></Lbl> <advS1><Indic>explanatory</Indic><Tr>what I mean is that, the fact is that</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ἀλλὰ τόδ᾿ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· ῞Εκτωρ γάρ ποτε φήσει ...</Gr><TrPhr>but this is the terrible anxiety that assails my heart, that one day Hector will say ...</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>introducing a proof or example</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γὰρ καθαιρομένης ...</Gr><TrPhr>here is the evidence: that when Delos was being purified ...</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></AdvPhr></advS2></advS1></NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>C</bold></Lbl> <advS1><Indic>anticipatory, freq. after a voc. address</Indic><Tr>since, as</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>Ἀτρείδη ... πολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί ... τώ σε χρή ...</Gr><TrPhr>son of Atreus ... since many long-haired Achaeans have been killed ... so you must ...</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><Phr><Indic>parenth.</Indic><Gr>νῦν δ᾿, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἄκουσα θεοῦ καὶ ἐσέδρακον ἄντην, εἶμι</Gr><TrPhr>but now<Prnth>since I have heard the goddess and seen her face to face</Prnth>I shall go</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></Phr></advS1></NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>D</bold></Lbl> <advS1><Indic>in responses</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>καὶ δῆτ᾿ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾿ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους; —οὐ γάρ τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε</Gr><TrPhr>And so did you dare to transgress these laws? —Yes, for it was not Zeus who made this proclamation</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>φασίν νιν ... οἴχεσθαι δορί. —ἔστιν γὰρ οὕτως</Gr><TrPhr>They say it<Prnth>Troy</Prnth>has been destroyed by warfare. —Yes, that is so</TrPhr><Au>E.</Au></AdvPhr><Phr><Indic>in elliptical rhetorical q.</Indic><Gr>τί γάρ;</Gr><TrPhr>certainly<Expl>i.e. for what else could be the case?</Expl></TrPhr><Au>Trag. Pl.</Au></Phr><XR>For <Gr>ἦ γάρ;</Gr><ital> isn't that right?</ital> see <Ref>ἦ<Hm>1</Hm></Ref> 2; for<Gr> πῶς γάρ;</Gr><ital> how could that</ital> (<ital>not</ital>) <ital>be so?</ital> see <Ref>πῶς</Ref> 9.</XR></advS1></NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>E</bold></Lbl><advS1><Indic>in interrogative responses</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>ἐγώ σ᾿ ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω. —πατροκτονοῦσα γὰρ ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί;</Gr><TrPhr>I brought you up and want to grow old with you. —Then are you going to live with me when you are my father's murderer?</TrPhr><Au>A.</Au></AdvPhr><AdvPhr><Gr>ἦ ζῇ γὰρ ἁνήρ; —εἴπερ ἔμψυχός γ᾿ ἐγώ. —ἦ γὰρ σὺ κεῖνος;</Gr><TrPhr>So<Prnth>in the light of what you have said</Prnth>is the man alive? —Yes, at least if I am alive. —So<Prnth>do you mean that</Prnth>you are he?</TrPhr><Au>S.</Au></AdvPhr></advS1></NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>F</bold></Lbl> <advS1><Phr><Indic>freq. w. another pcl. or conj.</Indic><Gr><rom>esp.</rom> ἀλλὰ γάρ<rom> or</rom><Prnth>w. a wd. interposed</Prnth>ἀλλὰ ... γάρ</Gr><TrPhr>but as a matter of fact, however<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></TrPhr></Phr><Phr><Gr>γὰρ οὖν</Gr><TrPhr>for indeed, for in fact<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></TrPhr></Phr><Phr><Gr>καὶ γάρ</Gr><TrPhr>yes indeed, and in fact<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></TrPhr></Phr><Phr><Gr>οὐ γὰρ ἀλλά</Gr><TrPhr>for in fact, for actually<Au>E. Ar. Call.</Au></TrPhr></Phr><XR>For <Gr>εἰ γάρ</Gr> (in wishes) see <Ref>εἰ</Ref> 2; see also <Ref>τοιγάρ</Ref><Ref>τοιγαροῦν</Ref><Ref>τοιγάρτοι</Ref>.</XR></advS1></NPS> </FE>", 'key': 'γάρ'}