εἰμί — Cambridge Greek Lexicon

Aeol.ἔμμιvbpres.2sg.ep.Ion.dial.Theoc.3sg.dial.1pl.Ion.dial.2pl.3pl.ep.dial.2 and 3du.impf.Att.Ion.ep.also2sg.ep.Ion.dial.3sg.ep.dial.1pl.dial.2pl.Ion.3pl.ep.3du.iteratv. impf.mid.Hyp.dub. NT. Plu.imperatv.2sg.3sg.2pl.3pl.alsoPl.Hdt.imperatv.mid.: 2sg.Od. Sapph.subj.Ion.3sg.ep.also1pl.dial.2pl.3pl.Ion.opt.2sg.alsoThgn.ep.3sg.ep.1pl.2pl.3pl.2du.3du.inf.Aeol.ep.dial.Alcm.Stesich.Ar., dub.ptcpl. ἐοῦσαAtt.Aeol.dial.Theoc. ἐόνAtt.dial.masc.acc.sg.B. Theoc.dial.fem.acc.sg.fut.(mid.)ep.2sg.Ion.ep.dial.3sg.ep.alsoBoeot.3pl.2 and 3du.ep.ptcpl.inf.ep.opt.All forms of pres. indic.except for 2sg. and ep.3pl. are enclitic, unless they stand in initial (or sts. 2nd) position.The usages are grouped in three sections. In A, the vb. is used in the sense exist, w. no complement; in B (the most common use), it is used as a copula, linking subject and complement; in C, it is used in periphrastic or pleonastic expressions. A of persons exist, be aliveHom.of things, placesbe, be in existence, existHom. philos., of things be, be real, really existPl.neut.sg.ptcpl.sb.that which is, beingParm. Pl.neut.pl.ptcpl.sb.things that are, realityHeraclit. Emp. Pl. of persons or things exist in a particular place or circumstancebe, be found, occurHom.3sg.introducing sg. subjectthere iswasHom.ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσαthere is a rocky island in the midst of the seaOd.introducing pl. subjectthere arewereHes. Hdt. S. E. Ar. Pl.ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαίthere were three headsHes. of circumstances exist, be currentHom.neut.pl.ptcpl.sbs.τά τ᾿ ἐόντα τά τ᾿ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾿ ἐόνταwhat is, what will be, and what was beforeIl. Hes. of things, esp. w.ptcpl. be the actual situationbe the case, be trueHdt.ὁ ἐὼν λόγοςthe true storyHdt.neut.ptcpl.sb.τὸ ἐόν, τὰ ὄνταthe truthHdt. Th.τῷ ἐόντι, τῷ ὄντιin reality, in factHdt. Th.impers.3sg.imperatv.making a concessionlet that be the case, so be itE. Pl. D. forming elliptical expressions, w.relatv.pron. οὐκ ἔστιν ὅςor sim.there is no one who ...Hom.quasi-sb.εἰσὶν οἵor sim.some peopleTh.also, in oblique cases, w.sg.vb.ἔστιν ὧν πόλεωνsome citiesTh.w.relatv.advs.ἔστιν ὅπου, ὅπως, ὅτεor sim.somewhere, somehow, sometimeA. impers.it is possible or allowablew.inf.dat. + inf.for someoneto do sthg.Hom.w.acc. + inf.A. Pi. 3sg.pl.of things, sts. persons exist as a possession, belongw.dat.to someoneHom.ἔστι μοι κάλα πάιςI have a beautiful childSapph.neut.pl.sb.belongings, propertyHdt. Att.orats. Pl. B of persons or thingsbe placed, constituted or includedbew.adv., prep.phr.gen.in a place, condition or situation, of a certain origin, material, class, or sim. Hom. σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώςlet all the people be silentE.ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ ἦσανthey were in despairTh.ἐτύγχανε ... βουλῆς ὤνhe happened to be a member of the CouncilTh. be categorised asbew.predic.adj.of a specified kindHom. ἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσιyou are most hateful to meIl. be identified asbew.predic.sb.a specified person or thingHom. νοῦς ἐστι βασιλεὺς ... οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ γῆςthe mind is king of heaven and earthPl. of thingsbe equivalent toin meaning or amountbe the same asw.predic.sb.sthg.Pl. C in periphr. use, as auxiliary w.pf.ptcpl. of another vb.τετληότες εἰμένwe have sufferedIl.δεδογμένον ἦνit had been decidedIsoc.w.pres.ptcpl.βαδίζων εἰμίI am walkingAr. inf.pleon., in phrs. expressing the will or power to do sthg.ἑκὼν εἶναιso as to be willing, willinglyusu. in neg.phr.Hdt.τὸ ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνοις εἶναιor sim.as far as it lay in their powerTh. ὄντως

Ion.ἐόντωςptcpl.adv actually, really, trulyHdt. E. Ar. Att.orats. Pl.

ShortDef

to be

Debugging

Headword:

εἰμί

Headword (normalized):

εἰμί

Headword (normalized/stripped):

ειμι

Intro Text:

εἰμί

Ion.ἐόντωςptcpl.adv actually, really, trulyHdt. E. Ar. Att.orats. Pl.

IDX:

11069

URN:

urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:cambridge-greek-lexicon-11070

Key:

Senses and Citations (From Data)

Citations (From Models)

No citations.

Data

{
  "headword": "εἰμί",
  "data": {
    "headword_display": "<b>εἰμί</b>",
    "content": "<FE><vHG><HL>εἰμί</HL><DL><Lbl>Aeol.</Lbl><FmHL>ἔμμι</FmHL></DL><PS>vb</PS></vHG><FG><Tns><LBL>pres.</LBL><Lbl>2sg.</Lbl><Form>εἶ</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἐσσί</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>εἶς<VarForm><Lbl>enclit.</Lbl><Form>εἰς</Form></VarForm></Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἔεις</Form><Au>Theoc.</Au></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>ἐστί</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἐντί</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>1pl.</Lbl><Form>ἐσμέν</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>εἰμέν</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>εἰμές</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2pl.</Lbl><Form>ἐστέ</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3pl.</Lbl><Form>εἰσί</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔᾱσι</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἐντί</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2 and 3du.</Lbl><Form>ἐστόν</Form></Tns><Vc><Tns><LBL>impf.</LBL><Form>ἦν</Form><Lbl>Att.</Lbl><Form>ἦ</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔᾱ</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἦα</Form><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ἔην</Form><Form>ἔον</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2sg.</Lbl><Form>ἦσθα<VarForm><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ἦσθας</Form><Au>Men.</Au></VarForm></Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔησθα</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔᾱς</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἦς</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>ἦν</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἦεν</Form><Form>ἔην</Form><Form>ἤην</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἦς</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>1pl.</Lbl><Form>ἦμεν</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἦμες</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2pl.</Lbl><Form>ἦτε</Form><Form>ἦστε</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔᾱτε</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3pl.</Lbl><Form>ἦσαν</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔσαν</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3du.</Lbl><Form>ἦτον</Form><Form>ἤστην</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>iteratv.</Lbl><Form>ἔσκον</Form></Tns><Tns> <Lbl>impf.mid.</Lbl><Form>ἤμην</Form><Au>Hyp.<LblR>dub.</LblR> NT. Plu.</Au></Tns></Vc><Md><Tns><LBL>imperatv.</LBL><Lbl>2sg.</Lbl><Form>ἴσθι</Form><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>ἔστω</Form><Lbl>2pl.</Lbl><Form>ἔστε</Form><Lbl>3pl.</Lbl><Form>ἔστων</Form><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ὄντων</Form><Au>Pl.</Au><Form>ἔστωσαν</Form><Au>Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au></Tns><Tns><Lbl>imperatv.mid.: 2sg.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσο</Form><Au>Od. Sapph.</Au></Tns></Md><Md><Tns><LBL>subj.</LBL><Form>ὦ</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔω</Form><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>ᾖ</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔῃ</Form><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ἔῃσι</Form><Form>ᾖσι</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>1pl.</Lbl><Form>ὦμεν</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ὦμες</Form><Lbl>2pl.</Lbl><Form>ἦτε</Form><Lbl>3pl.</Lbl><Form>ὦσι</Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔωσι</Form></Tns></Md><Md><Tns><LBL>opt.</LBL><Form>εἴην</Form><Lbl>2sg.</Lbl><Form>εἴης</Form><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>εἴησθα</Form><Au>Thgn.</Au><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔοις</Form><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>εἴη</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔοι</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>1pl.</Lbl><Form>εἴημεν</Form><Form>εἶμεν</Form><Lbl>2pl.</Lbl><Form>εἴητε</Form><Form>εἶτε</Form><Lbl>3pl.</Lbl><Form>εἴησαν</Form><Form>εἶεν</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2du.</Lbl><Form>εἶτον</Form><Lbl>3du.</Lbl><Form>εἴτην</Form></Tns></Md><Md><Tns><LBL>inf.</LBL><Form>εἶναι</Form><Lbl>Aeol.</Lbl><Form>ἔμμεναι</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔμεναι</Form><Form>ἔμμεν</Form><Form>ἔμεν</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>εἶμεν</Form><Form>ἦμεν</Form><Form>ἤμεν</Form><Au>Alcm.</Au><Form>εἶν</Form><Au>Stesich.</Au><Form>εἴμεναι</Form><Au>Ar.<rom>, dub.</rom></Au></Tns></Md><Md><Tns><LBL>ptcpl.</LBL><Form>ἐών<VarForm><Lbl>Att.</Lbl><Form>ὤν</Form><Lbl>Aeol.</Lbl><Form>ἔων</Form></VarForm> ἐοῦσα<VarForm><Lbl>Att.</Lbl><Form>οὖσα</Form><Lbl>Aeol.</Lbl><Form>ἔοισα</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἐοῖσα</Form><Form>εὖσα</Form><Au>Theoc.</Au></VarForm> ἐόν<VarForm><Lbl>Att.</Lbl><Form>ὄν</Form></VarForm></Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>dial.masc.acc.sg.</Lbl><Form>εὖντα</Form><Au>B. Theoc.</Au></Tns><Tns><Lbl>dial.fem.acc.sg.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσαν</Form></Tns></Md><Vc><Tns><LBL>fut.<rom>(mid.)</rom></LBL><Form>ἔσομαι</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσομαι</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2sg.</Lbl><Form>ἔσῃ<VarForm><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ἔσει</Form></VarForm></Form><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><Form>ἔσεαι</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσεαι</Form><Form>ἔσσῃ</Form><Lbl>dial.</Lbl><Form>ἐσσῇ</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>3sg.</Lbl><Form>ἔσται</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσεται</Form><Lbl>also</Lbl><Form>ἔσεται</Form><Form>ἐσσεῖται</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>Boeot.3pl.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσονθη</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>2 and 3du.</Lbl><Form>ἔσεσθον</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>ep.ptcpl.</Lbl><Form>ἐσσόμενος</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>inf.</Lbl><Form>ἔσεσθαι</Form><Lbl>ep.</Lbl><Form>ἔσσεσθαι</Form></Tns><Tns><Lbl>opt.</Lbl><Form>ἐσοίμην</Form></Tns></Vc><Vc><Tns><Lbl>All forms of pres. indic.<Expl>except for 2sg. <Form>εἶ</Form> and ep.3pl. <Form>ἔᾱσι</Form></Expl> are enclitic, unless they stand in initial (or sts. 2nd) position.</Lbl></Tns></Vc><Vc><Tns><Lbl>The usages are grouped in three sections. In <bold>A</bold>, the vb. is used in the sense <ital>exist</ital>, w. no complement; in <bold>B</bold> (the most common use), it is used as a copula, linking subject and complement; in <bold>C</bold>, it is used in periphrastic or pleonastic expressions.</Lbl></Tns></Vc></FG> <NPS><Lbl><bold>A</bold></Lbl> <vS1><Indic>of persons</Indic> <Tr>exist, be alive</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><vS2><Indic>of things, places</Indic><Tr>be, be in existence, exist</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></vS2> </vS1> <vS1><Indic>philos., of things</Indic> <Tr>be, be real, really exist</Tr><Au>Pl.</Au><vSGrm><GLbl>neut.sg.ptcpl.sb.</GLbl><Def>that which is, being</Def><Au>Parm. Pl.</Au></vSGrm><vSGrm><GLbl>neut.pl.ptcpl.sb.</GLbl><Def>things that are, reality</Def><Au>Heraclit. Emp. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></vSGrm> </vS1> <vS1><Indic>of persons or things</Indic> <Def>exist in a particular place or circumstance</Def><Tr>be, be found, occur</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><vSGrm><GLbl>3sg.</GLbl><Form>ἔστι, ἦν</Form><Indic>introducing sg. subject</Indic><Def>there is<Expl>was</Expl></Def><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσα</Gr><TrPhr>there is a rocky island in the midst of the sea</TrPhr><Au>Od.</Au></AdvPhr><advS2><Indic>introducing pl. subject</Indic><Def>there are<Expl>were</Expl></Def><Au>Hes. Hdt. S. E. Ar. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί</Gr><TrPhr>there were three heads</TrPhr><Au>Hes.</Au></AdvPhr></advS2></vSGrm> </vS1> <vS1><Indic>of circumstances</Indic> <Tr>exist, be current</Tr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au><Phr><Indic>neut.pl.ptcpl.sbs.</Indic><Gr>τά τ᾿ ἐόντα τά τ᾿ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾿ ἐόντα</Gr><TrPhr>what is, what will be, and what was before</TrPhr><Au>Il. Hes.</Au></Phr> </vS1> <vS1><Indic>of things, esp. w.ptcpl.</Indic> <Def>be the actual situation</Def><Tr>be the case, be true</Tr><Au>Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au><AdvPhr><Gr>ὁ ἐὼν λόγος</Gr><TrPhr>the true story</TrPhr><Au>Hdt.</Au></AdvPhr><Phr><Indic>neut.ptcpl.sb.</Indic><Gr>τὸ ἐόν<rom>,</rom> τὰ ὄντα</Gr><TrPhr>the truth</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. Th.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><Phr><Gr>τῷ ἐόντι<rom>,</rom> τῷ ὄντι</Gr><TrPhr>in reality, in fact</TrPhr><Au>Hdt. Th.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><vSGrm><GLbl>impers.3sg.imperatv.</GLbl><Indic>making a concession</Indic><Def>let that be the case, so be it</Def><Au>E. Pl. D.</Au></vSGrm> </vS1> <vS1><Phr><Indic>forming elliptical expressions, w.relatv.pron.</Indic> <Gr>οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς<Expl>or sim.</Expl></Gr><TrPhr>there is no one who ...</TrPhr><Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><Phr><Indic>quasi-sb.</Indic><Gr>εἰσὶν οἵ<Expl>or sim.</Expl></Gr><TrPhr>some people</TrPhr><Au>Th.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><Phr><Indic>also, in oblique cases, w.sg.vb.</Indic><Gr>ἔστιν ὧν πόλεων</Gr><TrPhr>some cities</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></Phr><Phr><Indic>w.relatv.advs.</Indic><Gr>ἔστιν ὅπου<rom>,</rom> ὅπως<rom>,</rom> ὅτε<Expl>or sim.</Expl></Gr><TrPhr>somewhere, somehow, sometime</TrPhr><Au>A.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr> </vS1> <vS1><vSGrm><GLbl>impers.</GLbl><Def>it is possible or allowable</Def><Cmpl><GLbl>w.inf.<or/>dat. + inf.</GLbl><Indic>for someone</Indic>to do sthg.<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl><vS2><Indic><GLbl>w.acc. + inf.</GLbl></Indic><Au>A. Pi.</Au></vS2></vSGrm> </vS1> <vS1><vSGrm><GLbl>3sg.pl.</GLbl><Indic>of things, sts. persons</Indic> <Def>exist as a possession, belong</Def><Cmpl><GLbl>w.dat.</GLbl>to someone<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl><AdvPhr><Gr>ἔστι μοι κάλα πάις</Gr><TrPhr>I have a beautiful child</TrPhr><Au>Sapph.</Au></AdvPhr></vSGrm><vSGrm><GLbl>neut.pl.sb.</GLbl><Form>τὰ ὄντα</Form><Def>belongings, property</Def><Au>Hdt. Att.orats. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></vSGrm> </vS1> </NPS><NPS><Lbl><bold>B</bold></Lbl> <vS1><Indic>of persons or things</Indic><Def>be placed, constituted or included</Def><Tr>be</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.adv., prep.phr.<or/>gen.</GLbl>in a place, condition or situation, of a certain origin, material, class, or sim. <Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl> <AdvPhr><Gr>σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς</Gr><TrPhr>let all the people be silent</TrPhr><Au>E.</Au></AdvPhr><Phr><Gr>ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ ἦσαν</Gr><TrPhr>they were in despair</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></Phr><Phr><Gr>ἐτύγχανε ... βουλῆς ὤν</Gr><TrPhr>he happened to be a member of the Council</TrPhr><Au>Th.</Au></Phr> </vS1> <vS1><Def>be categorised as</Def><Tr>be</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.predic.adj.</GLbl>of a specified kind<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl> <AdvPhr><Gr>ἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσι</Gr><TrPhr>you are most hateful to me</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr> </vS1> <vS1><Def>be identified as</Def><Tr>be</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.predic.sb.</GLbl>a specified person or thing<Au>Hom.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl> <AdvPhr><Gr>νοῦς ἐστι βασιλεὺς ... οὐρανοῦ τε καὶ γῆς</Gr><TrPhr>the mind is king of heaven and earth</TrPhr><Au>Pl.</Au></AdvPhr> </vS1> <vS1><Indic>of things</Indic><Def>be equivalent to<Expl>in meaning or amount</Expl></Def><Tr>be the same as</Tr><Cmpl><GLbl>w.predic.sb.</GLbl>sthg.<Au>Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></Cmpl> </vS1> </NPS> <NPS><Lbl><bold>C</bold></Lbl> <vS1><Indic>in periphr. use, as auxiliary w.pf.ptcpl. of another vb.</Indic><AdvPhr><Gr>τετληότες εἰμέν</Gr><TrPhr>we have suffered</TrPhr><Au>Il.</Au></AdvPhr><Phr><Gr>δεδογμένον ἦν</Gr><TrPhr>it had been decided</TrPhr><Au>Isoc.</Au></Phr><Phr><Indic>w.pres.ptcpl.</Indic><Gr>βαδίζων εἰμί</Gr><TrPhr>I am walking</TrPhr><Au>Ar.</Au></Phr> </vS1> <vS1><vSGrm><GLbl>inf.</GLbl><Phr><Indic>pleon., in phrs. expressing the will or power to do sthg.</Indic><Gr>ἑκὼν εἶναι</Gr><TrPhr>so as to be willing, willingly<Expl>usu. in neg.phr.</Expl></TrPhr><Au>Hdt.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr><Phr><Gr>τὸ ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνοις εἶναι<Expl>or sim.</Expl></Gr><TrPhr>as far as it lay in their power</TrPhr><Au>Th.<NBPlus/></Au></Phr></vSGrm> </vS1></NPS> <Adv><vHG><HL>ὄντως</HL><DL><Lbl>Ion.</Lbl><FmHL>ἐόντως</FmHL></DL><PS>ptcpl.adv</PS></vHG> <advS1><Tr>actually, really, truly</Tr><Au>Hdt. E. Ar. Att.orats. Pl.<NBPlus/></Au></advS1> </Adv> </FE>",
    "key": "εἰμί"
  },
  "senses": [],
  "citations": [],
  "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:cambridge-greek-lexicon-11070"
}