{
  "headword": "γάρ",
  "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionaries.v1:cunliffe_lex-n1870",
  "definition": "γάρ [γ(ε) ἄρ.] 1 Introducing the ground or reason for something said. a The γάρ clause following, for, since, seeing that Il. 1.55, 56, 63, 78, 81, 86, etc.: Od. 1.7, 29, 40, 78, 114, 152, etc. b The γάρ clause coming first, since, seeing that Il. 2.803, Il. 12.326, Il. 13.736, Il. 15.739, Il. 23.156, etc.: Od. 1.301, 337, Od. 5.29, Od. 10.174, Od. 12.154, etc. 2 Introducing an explanation, reason, amplification, or analysis of something previously said (often with καί; see καί 3) Il. 1.9, 12, 80, 262, 295, 355, Il. 2.119, Il. 4.226, 301, Il. 8.148, Il. 10.352, Il. 12.322, etc.: Od. 1.33, 260, Od. 2.89, Od. 3.89, 362, Od. 4.86, Od. 6.164, Od. 9.319, 432 (the clause here introduced parenthetically), Od. 11.69, Od. 20.42, Od. 21.232, etc. 3 Introducing as a kind of interjection a question or expression with something of an abrupt effect (sometimes translatable, why . . ., well . . .): πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας ; Il. 1.123, ἦ γάρ κεν δειλὸς καλεοίμην Il. 1.293. Cf. Il. 10.61, Il. 15.201, Il. 18.182, etc.: πῶς γάρ με κέλεαι . . .; Od. 10.337, εἰ γάρ κεν σὺ μίμνοις Od. 15.545. Cf. Od. 8.159, Od. 10.383, Od. 14.115, Od. 15.509, Od. 16.222, etc. For αἲ γάρ, εἰ γάρ in wishes see αἴ 1, εἰ 2.b. 4 Idiomatically following the relative ὅς : ὃ γάρ κʼ ὄχʼ ἄριστον εἴη (for that . . .) Il. 12.344 = 357, ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων Il. 23.9: ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν Od. 1.286. Cf. Od. 17.172, Od. 24.190. So following ἵνα: ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι (for there . . .) Il. 10.127. And ὡς: ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει (for so he bade) Il. 9.690, ὡς γὰρ ἔμοιγε (for so he was to me) Il. 24.68, etc.: ὡς γάρ οἱ μοῖρʼ ἐστὶ . . . (for this is his destiny, to . . .) Od. 5.41. Cf. Od. 8.79, Od. 20.282, etc. (In such cases the demonstrative ὥ (ὧς) is also read.)",
  "citations": [
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17063",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 1.55,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.55"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17064",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "56,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.56"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17065",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "63,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.63"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17066",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "78,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.78"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17067",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "81,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.81"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17068",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "86, etc.:",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.86"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17069",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 1.7,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.7"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17070",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "29,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.29"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17071",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "40,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.40"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17072",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "78,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.78"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17073",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "114,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.114"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17074",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "152, etc.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.152"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17075",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 2.803,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.803"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17076",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 12.326,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:12.326"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17077",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 13.736,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:13.736"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17078",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 15.739,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:15.739"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17079",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 23.156, etc.:",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:23.156"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17080",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 1.301,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.301"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17081",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "337,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.337"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17082",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 5.29,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:5.29"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17083",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 10.174,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.174"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17084",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 12.154, etc.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:12.154"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17085",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 1.9,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.9"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17086",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "12,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.12"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17087",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "80,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.80"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17088",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "262,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.262"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17089",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "295,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.295"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17090",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "355,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.355"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17091",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 2.119,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.119"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17092",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 4.226,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.226"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17093",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "301,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.301"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17094",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 8.148,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.148"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17095",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 10.352,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:10.352"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17096",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 12.322, etc.:",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:12.322"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17097",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 1.33,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.33"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17098",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "260,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.260"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17099",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 2.89,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:2.89"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17100",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 3.89,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:3.89"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17101",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "362,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:3.362"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17102",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 4.86,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:4.86"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17103",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 6.164,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:6.164"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17104",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 9.319,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:9.319"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17105",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "432 (",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:9.432"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17106",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 11.69,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:11.69"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17107",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 20.42,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:20.42"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17108",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 21.232, etc.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:21.232"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17109",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 1.293. Cf.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.293"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17110",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 10.61,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:10.61"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17111",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 15.201,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:15.201"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17112",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Il. 18.182, etc.:",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:18.182"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17113",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 8.159,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:8.159"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17114",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 10.383,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.383"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17115",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 14.115,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:14.115"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17116",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 15.509,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:15.509"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17117",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 16.222, etc.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:16.222"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17118",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "357,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:12.357"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17119",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 17.172,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:17.172"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17120",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 24.190.",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:24.190"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17121",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 8.79,",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:8.79"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17122",
      "data": {
        "quote": "",
        "ref": "Od. 20.282, etc. (In such cases the demonstrative",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:20.282"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17123",
      "data": {
        "quote": "πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας ;",
        "ref": "Il. 1.123",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.123"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17124",
      "data": {
        "quote": "πῶς γάρ με κέλεαι . . .;",
        "ref": "Od. 10.337",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:10.337"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17125",
      "data": {
        "quote": "εἰ γάρ κεν σὺ μίμνοις",
        "ref": "Od. 15.545",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:15.545"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17126",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὃ γάρ κʼ ὄχʼ ἄριστον εἴη",
        "ref": "Il. 12.344",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:12.344"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17127",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων",
        "ref": "Il. 23.9",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:23.9"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17128",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν",
        "ref": "Od. 1.286",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:1.286"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17129",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι",
        "ref": "Il. 10.127",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:10.127"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17130",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει",
        "ref": "Il. 9.690",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:9.690"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17131",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὡς γὰρ ἔμοιγε",
        "ref": "Il. 24.68",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:24.68"
      }
    },
    {
      "urn": "urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:citations.atlas_v1:cunliffe_lex-17132",
      "data": {
        "quote": "ὡς γάρ οἱ μοῖρʼ ἐστὶ . . .",
        "ref": "Od. 5.41",
        "urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:5.41"
      }
    }
  ],
  "key": "ga/r",
  "type": "textpart"
}