urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:17.388 (line)

εἰμί

εἰμί ( sum), Aeol. ἔμμι Sapph. 2.15, Theoc. 20.32; Cret. ἠμί GDI 4959a; 2 sg. εἶ, Ep. and Ion. εἰς Od. 17.388, al., Aeol. ἔσσι, Ep. and Dor. ἐσσί Il. 1.176, Pi. O. 6.90, Sophr. 134; ἐσί GDI 4959a; 3 sg. ἐστί, Dor. ἐντί IG 12(1).677 ( Rhodes), Theoc. 1.17, etc.; 3 dual ἐστόν Th. 3.112; 1 pl. ἐσμέν, Ep. and Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi. P. 3.60), ἐμέν Call. Fr. 294, Dor. εἰμές Theoc. 15.73, but ἠμέν GDI 5178.34; 3 pl. εἰσί ( -ίν), Ep. and Ion. ἔασι ( -ιν) Il. 7.73, Xenoph. 8.1, Antim. 29, Herod. 4.84, Dor. ἐντί Pi. N. 1.24, Theoc. 11.45, IG 9(1).32.22 ( Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι ( ἔσθι Hecat. 361 J.), Ep. and Lyr. also in Med. form ἔσσο Od. 3.200, Sapph. 1.28, Maced. Pae. 31, late Prose ἔσο Plu. Apophth. Lac. 2.241d, M.Ant. 3.5, Hld. 5.12, Porph. Marc. 34; 3 sg. ἔστω ( ἤτω LXX Ps. 103.31, and late Inscrr., CIG 2664, al.; but in Pl. R. 361c leg. ἴτω), Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1411.21, Elean ἤστω Schwyzer 424; 3 pl. ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων Hom., Pl. R. 502a, ὄντων Id. Lg. 879b, and early Att. Inscrr., IG 1(2).22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib. 2(2).1328), Dor. ἐόντων ib. 1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, Ep. ἔω Od. 9.18; 3 sg. ἔῃ Il. 12.300, al. (also ἔῃσι 2.366, al., ᾖσι ( ν) 19.202, Hes. Op. 294), also Boeot. ἔνθω IG 7.3172.165, μετείω Il. 23.47 and perh. εἴῃ 9.245, etc.; Dor. 3 pl. ὦντι SIG 940.3 ( Crete), ἔωντι GDI 5040.14 ( Hierapytna), Boeot. ἴωνθι IG 7.3171.46 (iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης ( εἴησθα Thgn. 715), - η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il. 9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt. 7.6; 3 pl. εἴοισαν Ἀρχ.Ἐφ. 1911.133 ( Gonni); 3 dual εἴτην Pl. Prm. 149e, Sph. 243e; 1 pl. εἶμεν E. Alc. 921 (lyr.), Pl.; 2 pl. εἶτε Od. 21.195; 3 pl. εἶεν Il. 2.372, etc., εἴησαν Hdt. 1.2, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG 9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. ἦναι SIG 306.9 ( Tegea, iv B. C.); Ep. ἔμμεναι (also Aeol. ἔμμενʼ Sapph. 34), ἔμμεν (also Pi. P. 6.42, S. Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ἔμειν SIG 1166 ( Dodona); Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th. 5.77, 79, IG 7.1.7 ( Megara), ἦμεν Test.Epict. 5.16, Tab.Heracl. 1.75, Cret. ἦμεν or ἤμην Leg.Gort. 1.15, al., GDI 4998i 2, al., Megar. εἴμεναι Ar. Ach. 775, εἴμειν IG 12(1).155.100 ( Rhodes), 14.952 ( Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ( Eretria), SIG 135.4 ( Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr. ἰών Inscr.Cypr. 135.23 H.; Boeot. fem. ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116 (Orchom.), Aeol. and Dor. fem. ἔσσα Sapph. 75.4, IG 4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc. 28.16, ἐοῖσα Pi. P. 4.265, ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9, Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.7.62, εὖσα Erinn. 5.5 (also Ion., Herod. 5.16, εὔντων 2.85), ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr. 96d, IG 5(1).1470.8 ( Messene), ἴαττα Leg.Gort. 8.47; acc. sg. εὖντα Theoc. 2.3; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1756.13, pl. ἔντες Tab.Heracl. 1.117; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib. 104; gen. pl. παρ-έντων Alcm. 64: impf. ἦν Il. 2.77, etc., Ep. ἔον (also Aeol., Alc. 127, Sapph. Oxy. 1787 Fr. 3 ii 21), in Att. ἦ (dub. in Aeol., Alc. Supp. 14.9), Ar. Pl. 77, Pl. Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), contr. from Ep. and Ion. ἦα ( Il. 5.808, al., IG 12(8).449.2 ( Thasos), whence Hom.and later Ion. ἔᾱ Il. 4.321, al., ἔας Hdt. 1.187, ἔατε Id. 4.119); Ep. 3 sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as 1 sg., only Il. 11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as 3 sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; 2 sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi. I. 1.26), sts. in LXX ( Jd. 11.35, Ru. 3.2, al.), cf. Pl. Ax. 365e, Erinn. 4.4, Ev.Matt. 25.21, al., ἦσθας Men. Epit. 156, Ep. ἔησθα; 3 sg. ἦν, Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), Dor. and Aeol. ἦς Alc. Supp. 30.1, Epich. 102, Sophr. 59, Theoc. 2.90, SIG 241.145 (Delph.); 3 dual ἤστην Il. 5.10, E. Hipp. 387, Ar. Eq. 982, Pl. Euthd. 272a, al.; Dor. 1 pl. ἦμες Plu. Lyc. 21; 2 pl. ἦτε Pl. Euthd. 276c, ἦστε Ar. Pax 821, Ec. 1086; 3 pl. ἦσαν, Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes. Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. V, but is 3 pl. in Epich. 46, al., SIG 560.15 ( Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); Aeol. ἔον Schwyzer 644.12; later ἤμην PSI 4.362.21 (iii B. C.), SIG 527.46 ( Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom. 4.1740 ( Cyme), always in LXX as Ba. 1.19, cf. Ev.Matt. 23.30, Plu. Apophth.reg. 2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys. 7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id. Tr. 474 by Aps.), X. Cyr. 6.1.9, Hyp. Ath. 26, 2 sg. ἦσο Epigr.Gr. 379 ( Aezani), 3 sg. ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7 ( Phrygia), 1 pl. ἤμεθα PPetr. 2p.11 (iii B. C.), LXX Ba. 1.19, 1 Ki. 25.16, Ep.Eph. 2.3; subj. ὦμαι PBaden 48.12 (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG 5(1).1390.83 ( Andania); Ion. and Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A. Pers. 656 (lyr.): fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, Ep. and Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; Aeol. 2 sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc. 67, 87; Dor. 2 and 3 sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il. 2.393, 13.317, Theoc. 10.5, 3 pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th. 5.77 codd. (but ἔσσονται Tab.Heracl. 1.113), inf. ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr. 57.—All forms of the pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. 2 sg. εἶ and 3 pl. ἔασι); but 3 sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτʼ, Hdn.Gr. 1.553 (also μή acc. to EM 301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust. 880.22.

χαλεπός

II hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opp. πρᾷος, Pl. R. 493b ( Sup.), Arist. EN 1126a26), βασιλεύς, δαίμων, Od. 2.232, 19.201; χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι 8.575; -ώτερος a more bitter enemy, Th. 3.40; -ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, ib. 42, cf. 7.21; -ώτεροι πάροικοι Id. 3.113; χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα Men. 18: c. dat. pers., cruel or harsh towards one, Od. 17.388; τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν Th. 8.1, etc.; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Pl. R. 375c, Arist. Pol. 1328a8 (also πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους X. Cyn. 5.17); ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις Theoc. 22.145.

χαλεπός

χαλεπός -ή, -όν. 1 Grievous, burdensome, heavy, sore, painful: μῆνις Il. 5.178, γῆρας Il. 8.103, Il. 23.623. Cf. Il. 5.384, 391, Il. 13.624: πένθος Od. 6.169, φῆμιν (evil, ill) Od. 24.201. Cf. Od. 2.193, Od. 10.464, Od. 11.292, 622, Od. 21.377, etc. In comp.: τοῦδέ μοι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι ἄεθλον Od. 11.624. Absol. in neut. pl., evil, mischief: χαλεπὰ ὁρμαίνοντες ἀλλήλοις Od. 3.151. 2 Dangerous: χαλεποὶ θεοὶ [γίγνονται] φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς (in respect of appearing, i.e. when they appear) Il. 20.131. 3 Difficult, hard: λιμέσιν (hard to attain or reach) Od. 19.189. In neut. χαλεπόν with or without copula, it is difficult or hard. With infin.: χ. σε πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος Il. 16.620. Cf. Il. 21.184: χ. κεν ἀνήνασθαι δόσιν εἴη Od. 4.651. Cf. Od. 11.156, Od. 13.141, Od. 20.313, Od. 23.81. Without infin. Il. 19.80: Od. 23.184. In personal construction. With infin.: χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι (hard to set yourself against) Il. 21.482. Cf. Od. 10.305. Without infin.: χαλεποί τοι ἔσονται [μῦθοι] (you will find it hard to know them) Il. 1.546. 4 Oppressing the spirit, terrifying, daunting: κεραυνός Il. 14.417. 5 Of persons, violent, despiteful, malignant, hard: ἄνδρες Od. 1.198. Cf. Od. 2.232=Od. 5.10, Od. 8.575, Od. 17.388, 564, Od. 19.201. 6 Of discourse, stern, harsh, severe, hard: μύθῳ Il. 2.245, Il. 17.141, ὀνείδεσιν Il. 17.438, ἐπέεσσιν Il. 23.489, 492: Od. 3.148, μύθοισιν Od. 2.83, Od. 17.395, δήμου φῆμις Od. 14.239, ἀνάκτων ὁμοκλαί Od. 17.189, μῦθον (hard to sit down under) Od. 20.271. 7 Of winds, blustering, roaring, raging: θύελλαν Il. 21.335: ἄνεμοι Od. 12.286.