urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-grc2:11.51 (line)

Ἐλπήνωρ

Ἐλπήνωρ A comrade of Odysseus in his ship. Killed by mishap at Circe's house Od. 10.552; his shade begs for funeral rites Od. 11.51, 57; the funeral Od. 12.10.

ἕταρος

ἕταρος ἑταῖρος -ου, ὁ. (The forms about equally common.) Fem. ἑτάρη Il. 4.441. ἑταίρη Il. 9.2. Acc. ἑταίρην Od. 17.271. A companion, comrade, associate, fellow, in various uses. 1 A comrade in arms, implying various degrees of connexion from a close comradeship between or among equals or a relationship resembling that of knight and squire to mere common participation in warfare: ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο Il. 3.32, Πάτροκλον, ὃν ἑταῖρον Il. 9.220. Cf. Il. 1.179, 345, Il. 5.514, Il. 6.6, Il. 10.151, Il. 12.379, Il. 13.767, Il. 16.195, Il. 17.150, Il. 24.123, etc.: Od. 1.237, Od. 8.217, 584, 586, Od. 11.371, 382, 520, Od. 13.266, Od. 14.480, Od. 23.324, Od. 24.79. One taking part with another in a particular enterprise: λοχησάμενος σὺν ἑταίρῳ Od. 13.268. Cf. Il. 10.235, 242: Od. 4.408, 433. 2 A comrade in a sea voyage or expedition: ξὺν νηΐ ἠδʼ ἑτάροισιν Od. 1.182. Cf. Il. 3.47, Il. 16.170: Od. 1.304, Od. 2.212, Od. 3.167, Od. 4.367, Od. 11.331, etc. Esp. of the comrades of Odysseus in his wanderings Od. 1.5, Od. 2.174, Od. 5.110, Od. 10.33, Od. 11.51, Od. 12.33, Od. 19.276, etc. 3 A follower of or attendant on a king or chief: ἐκέλευσεν ἑταίρους ἵππους ζευγνύμεναι Il. 3.259. Cf. Od. 3.32, Od. 4.536, Od. 11.412. 4 a A companion, comrade, associate, friend, in gen.: πόλλʼ ἑταῖροι [ἐλλίσσοντο] Il. 9.585. Cf. Il. 18.251, Il. 22.492, Il. 24.63: Od. 2.225, Od. 9.367, Od. 14.462, Od. 16.354, Od. 18.350, etc. Fem.: Ἔρις, Ἄρεος ἑτάρη Il. 4.441. b Of relationship with a protecting divinity: πάντων φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων Od. 24.517 (said by Athene). c A boon-companion: ἑταῖρος εἰλαπιναστής Il. 17.577. d Of fellow-servants: οἶς ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο ὑφορβός Od. 14.413. Cf. Od. 14.407, 460, Od. 15.309, 336, Od. 16.8, 84. 5 Fig.: οὖρον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον Od. 11.7 = Od. 12.149. Fem.: fig.: οὖρον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον Od. 11.7 = Od. 12.149. Fem.: φύζα, φόβου ἑταίρη Il. 9.2: φόρμιγξ, ἣν δαιτὶ θεοὶ ποίησαν ἑταίρην Od. 17.271.

πρῶτος

πρῶτος -η, -ον [πρόατος, superl. fr. πρό.] 1 In reference to position, the most advanced in a specified or indicated direction, the first or foremost : οἱ πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕστατοι Il. 2.281. Cf. Il. 4.480 (in the forefront of the fray), Il. 6.445, Il. 8.83, Il. 12.260 (against the face of the works), 315, 321, Il. 14.31 (next the plain), 75 (next the sea), Il. 15.634, 654 (next the plain), 656, Il. 16.394, Il. 18.579, Il. 21.90 : Od. 8.197, Od. 15.36 (the first in your course), Od. 18.379. 2 The foremost or front part of the . . ., the front of the . . . : ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ Il. 6.40, Il. 16.371. Cf. Il. 8.411 (just in front of the gate, at the entrance to it), Il. 15.340 (in the front of the fight), Il. 17.380, 471, Il. 19.50, Il. 20.173, 275 (the edge), 395, Il. 22.66 (before the house-door), Il. 24.272 : Od. 1.255 (just within the door), Od. 21.422 (the top of the . . .), Od. 22.250. 3 Absol., the winner in a contest : ἄεθλα τῷ πρώτῳ Il. 23.265. In neut. pl. τὰ πρῶτα, the first prizeIl. 23.275, 538. 4 Absol. in pl. a Those who stand or advance in or to the front of the fray, the front rank : ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι Il. 9.709. Cf. Il. 4.341, Il. 5.536, Il. 8.337, Il. 11.61, etc. b The most promnent in some sphere of activity : μετὰ πρώτοισι πονεῖτο (with the best) Il. 9.12. c The first in social rank, the leading men Od. 6.60. d Gen., the most distinguished, the first : ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀΐω ἔμμεναι Od. 8.180. Cf. Il. 15.643. 5 a Being the first to do something, first, giving a lead, showing the way, taking the initiative, doing something before another, anticipating him (cf. πρότερος 4..a) : πρῶτος κελόμην Il. 1.386, οὐδὲ σέθεν θεοὶ λελάθοντο, πρώτη δὲ Διὸς θυγάτηρ (i.e. she was the first to bethink her of you) Il. 4.128, πρώτῳ στρεφθέντι (i.e. he was the first to flee) Il. 5.40. Cf. Il. 4.343, 459, 457, Il. 5.38, Il. 6.5, Il. 10.532, Il. 13.809, Il. 16.812, Il. 20.161 (leaving his fellows the first), etc. : Od. 1.113, Od. 3.36, Od. 8.216, Od. 11.51, Od. 22.212, etc. b Sim. in oblique cases of that to which action is first directed or which is first affected in some way, first (cf. πρότερος 4..b) : τίνα πρῶτον ἐξενάριξαν; Il. 5.703, πὰρ σοὶ πρώτῳ πασάμην ἀκτήν (i.e. formed thus a tie with you first of the Greeks) Il. 21.76. Cf. Il. 5.829, Il. 10.18, Il. 13.46, Il. 17.553, etc. : Od. 2.39, Od. 4.452, Od. 6.176, Od. 7.237 (I will begin by asking you), Od. 8.462, Od. 9.14, Od. 11.235, Od. 21.304, etc. 6 In neut. sing. (τὸ) πρῶτον and pl. (τὰ) πρῶτα as adv. a In front. (i) πρῶτον ἀντιάσαντες (forming a screen to cover the retreat) Il. 15.297. (ii) ἱππῆας πρῶτα στῆσεν Il. 4.297, πρῶτα περὶ τέρμα βαλούσας (leading) Il. 23.462. b First, in the first place, first of all, to begin with (as opposed to subsequent action). (i) βουλὴν πρῶτον ἷζεν Il. 2.53, πρῶτον μίνωα τέκεν (this was the beginning of the race) Il. 13.450. Cf. Il. 3.315, Il. 6.179, Il. 11.628, Il. 14.170, Il. 23.237, etc. : Od. 2.190, Od. 4.411, Od. 8.120, Od. 12.39, Od. 13.117, Od. 16.173, Od. 24.240, etc. (ii) αὐέρυσαν πρῶτα Il. 1.459. Cf. Il. 2.73, Il. 3.330, Il. 5.458, Il. 9.32, Il. 11.244, Il. 21.343, etc. : γυρῇσίν μιν πρῶτʼ ἐπέλασσε Od. 4.500 (taken up by 502; this was the first stage of his fate), ναυσίθοον πρῶτα Ποσειδάων γείνατο (this was the beginning of the race) Od. 7.56. Cf. Od. 10.154, 519, Od. 11.158, Od. 18.192, Od. 23.131, etc. c In advbl. use corresponding α To the adjectival use 5.a, first. (i) οἱ ἓξ πρῶτον ἀκοντίσατε Od. 22.252. (ii) ἴστω Ζεὺς πρῶτα Il. 19.258 := Od. 19.303, Od. 14.158= Od. 17.155= Od. 20.230, ἦ πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο (anticipate him, begin the conversation) Od. 4.119. β To the adjectival use 5.b, first. (i) οὐρῆας πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο (they were the first to be attacked) Il. 1.50. (ii) Ὀρσίλοχον πρῶθʼ ἕλεν (he was the first man slain) Il. 8.274. Cf. Il. 11.301, Il. 16.694, Il. 23.262 : πρῶτʼ ἐς πύλον ἐλθέ (let Pylus be your first goal) Od. 1.284, δέσποιναν πρῶτα κιχήσεαι Od. 7.53, αὐτόν σε πρῶτα σάω (let your own safety be your first care) Od. 17.595. Cf. Od. 13.228, Od. 17.573. Sim. : ἔνθεν μιν ἐδέγμην πρῶτα φανεῖσθαι Od. 12.230 (i.e. he thought he should catch sight of her from that position sooner than from elsewhere). d In reference to the first doing or occurrence of something, for the first time, first. (i) ὅθι πρῶτον λιπέτην ἅλα Il. 14.284 (they did not leave it till they reached that point), πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ (newly) Il. 24.348 : Od. 10.279. Cf. Il. 14.295, Il. 16.113. (ii) ἐλθὼν τὸ πρῶτον Od. 4.159. (iii) ὅθι πρῶτʼ ἐμβασίλευεν (had his first period of kingship) Il. 2.572, οὐ νῦν πρῶτʼ ἄντʼ Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il. 20.89. Cf. Il. 16.811 : Od. 15.420. (iv) τοῖος οἷόν μιν τὰ πρῶτʼ ἐνόησα Od. 1.257. Cf. Od. 8.268. e With a temporal conjunction, when first, as soon as : ἐπὴν δὴ πρῶτα κατευνηθέντα ἴδησθε Od. 4.414. f At first, to begin with (implying a subsequent change). (i) πρῶτον ἀτίζων ἔρχεται Il. 20.166. (ii) πόντῳ πρῶτα κορύσσεται [κῦμα] Il. 4.424. Cf. Il. 4.442 : Od. 11.640. (iii) πεζὸς τὰ πρῶτʼ ἤλυθεν Il. 17.612. Cf. Il. 23.523.– g Before doing something, as a preliminary, first. (i) ἄλλην χρὴ πρῶτον ὁδὸν τελέσαι Od. 10.490. (ii) πρῶτα θεῶν εἰρώμεθα βουλάς Od. 16.402. Cf. Il. 10.344.– h In reference to preference or choice, first, before anything else : πρῶτον τοῦ πατρὸς ἑλοίμεθα νόστιμον ἦμαρ Od. 16.149.– i At once, straightway : οὕνεκά σʼ οὐ τὸ πρῶτον, ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδʼ ἀγάπησα Od. 23.214.– j Marking the time of an action or occurrence as a point of departure, a beginning, an opening of a new era. (i) ὅτε σε πρῶτον ἔπλεον ἁρπάξας (since first I . . .) Il. 3.443, ὅθι πρῶτον ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν (where he began by slaying him) Il. 5.848, ὅτε με πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ (and so brought me into all this woe) Il. 6.345, ἀλκήν μοι πρῶτον ὀνείδισας (you began it by reflecting on my valour) Il. 9.34, ὅτε πρῶτον λίπον Ἑλλάδα (when first I . . .) 447 : ὁππότε κε πρῶτον πελάσῃς νῆα Θρινακίῃ (then will come the time for prudence) Od. 11.106, ὅθι πρῶτον γενόμην (where I had my first being) Od. 14.141, ὅτε μιν πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ Od. 19.355. (ii) τὸ πρῶτον ἀάσθη (and so brought his fate upon him) Od. 4.509. (iii) ἐξ ἧς πρῶτα καὶ ἡμέας ἵκετο πένθος (first came upon us) Od. 23.224. (iv) μῆνιν ἄειδε . . . ἐξ οὗ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην (take up the tale from the point when first . . ., i.e. from the beginning of the quarrel) Il. 1.6, ᾗ τὰ πρῶτα πύλας ἐσᾶλτο (began the attack) Il. 13.679.– k Denoting fixity of determination, purpose or condition, or that something is done or brought about finally or completely, once for all. (i) ὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον Il. 15.75, ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος Il. 24.27, ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἔασας 557. Cf. Il. 1.319, Il. 19.136 : Od. 4.6, Od. 13.127, 133. (ii) ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ὑπέστην Il. 4.267, ὅππως τὸ πρῶτον τανύσῃ [ἵππους] (from the start) Il. 23.324. (iii) ὥς οἱ πρῶτα δόσαν γέρας Il. 1.276, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα δαμάσθη (let us accept that and make the best of it) Il. 19.9.– l Denoting inevitability of consequence or of the continuance of a state or condition on the doing or occurrence of something, (when) once . . ., (since) once . . ., (who) once . . . (i) εὖτʼ ἄν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες Il. 19.158. Cf. Il. 13.285 : ὅτε πρῶτον κρήτης ὄρεα νοσφισάμην (ever since . . .) Od. 19.338. Cf. Od. 3.320, Od. 10.328. (ii) ἐπεὶ δὴ τὸ πρῶτον ἐγείνατο παῖδα Od. 4.13, ἐπεὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον (and so committed myself) Od. 14.467. (iii) ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν λέλοιπεν Il. 1.235. Cf. Il. 17.427 : ἐπεί κε πρῶτα λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od. 11.221. Cf. Od. 3.183. (iv) ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται Il. 6.489. Cf. Il. 12.420 : Od. 8.553.

ψυχή

ψυχή -ῆς, ἡ. 1 The animating principle, the vital spirit, the soul, the life, life, one's life (cf. θυμός I.1.b) : λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε Il. 5.296= Il. 8.123=315. Cf. Il. 11.334, Il. 21.569, Il. 22.257, 325, 338, 467, Il. 23.104, Il. 24.754 : κεκαδήσει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς Od. 21.154, 171. Cf. Od. 9.523. In pl. in reference to a number of persons : ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες Il. 13.763= Il. 24.168. Cf. Od. 22.444. 2 Animate existence viewed as a possession, one's life : ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος Il. 9.322, ψυχῆς ἀντάξιον 401 : ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι Od. 3.74= Od. 9.255. 3 Animate existence viewed with regard to its duration, one's life or continued existence : περὶ ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il. 22.161 : ἀρνύμενος ἣν ψυχήν Od. 1.5, ὥς τε περὶ ψυχῆς Od. 9.423. In pl. in reference to a number of persons : ὅσσοι περὶ ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od. 22.245. 4 The spirit or soul thought of as distinct from the body and as leaving it at death (cf. θυμός I.1.c) : πολλὰς ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν Il. 1.3, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψυχή Il. 5.696, ψυχὴ πάλιν ἐλθεῖν οὐ λεϊστή Il. 9.408. Cf. Il. 5.654= Il. 11.445, Il. 7.330, Il. 14.518, Il. 16.453, 505, 625, 856= Il. 22.362 : ψυχὴ ἀποπταμένη πεπότηται Od. 11.222. Cf. Od. 10.560= Od. 11.65, Od. 14.134, 426 (of a pig), Od. 18.91. 5 A disembodied spirit, a shade : ψυχὴ Πατροκλῆος Il. 23.65, ψυχαί, εἴδωλα καμόντων 72. Cf. Il. 23.100, 106, 221 : ψυχῇ (ψυχὴ) Τειρεσίαο Od. 10.492= 565, Od. 11.90, 165, Od. 23.251, 323. Cf. Od. 10.530, Od. 11.37, 51, 84, 141, 150, 205, 385, 387, 467, 471, 538, 541, 543, 564, 567, Od. 24.1, 14, 15, 20, 23, 35=191, 100, 102, 105, 120.