urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.98 (line)

γίγνομαι

γίγνομαι [redup. fr. γ(ε)ν-.] A 3 sing. pa. iterative γενέσκετο Od. 11.208. Aor. γενόμην Il. 18.102, Il. 19.219, Il. 21.440: Od. 8.311, Od. 14.141. 2 sing. γένευ Il. 5.897. 3 sing. γένετο Il. 1.49, Il. 6.153, Il. 13.417, Il. 23.526, etc.: Od. 2.26, Od. 4.11, Od. 24.292, etc. 3 dual γενέσθην Il. 5.548: Od. 11.255, 307, 312. 1 pl. γενόμεσθα Il. 21.89. With metrical lengthening of the first syllable γεινόμεθα Il. 22.477 (v.l. γιγνόμεθα). 2 pl. ἐγένεσθε Il. 2.323. 3 pl. (ἐ)γένοντο Il. 3.84, Il. 4.382, Il. 5.63, Il. 7.313, etc.: Od. 7.144, Od. 8.234, Od. 18.345, Od. 21.24, etc. Subj. γένωμαι Il. 8.180, Il. 16.39, Il. 22.358: Od. 5.473, Od. 11.73, Od. 22.167. 2 sing. -ηαι Il. 8.282, Il. 11.797: Od. 10.486. 3 sing. -ηται Il. 1.341, Il. 6.489, Il. 19.201, etc.: Od. 2.374, Od. 8.553, Od. 17.23, etc. 1 pl. -ώμεθα Il. 10.193, Il. 13.236, Il. 17.636. 2 pl. -ησθε Il. 5.488. 3 pl. -ωνται Il. 2.397, Il. 20.308. Opt. γενοίμην Il. 17.38: Od. 14.338, Od. 16.103. 2 sing. -οιο Od. 9.456, Od. 14.440, Od. 15.341, Od. 18.79. 3 sing. -οιτο Il. 4.17, Il. 8.26, Il. 13.233, etc.: Od. 3.129, Od. 8.414, Od. 18.161, etc. 1 pl. -οίμεθα Il. 13.485. 2 pl. -οισθε Il. 7.99. 3 pl. -οίατο Il. 2.340: Od. 1.266, Od. 4.346, Od. 17.137. 3 sing. imp. γενέσθω Il. 8.181: Od. 5.224, Od. 17.285, Od. 22.491. Pple. (with metrical lengthening of the first syllable) γεινόμενος, -ου (vv. ll. γιγνόμενος, -ου) Il. 10.71, Il. 20.128, Il. 23.79, Il. 24.210: Od. 4.208, Od. 7.198. Infin. γενέσθαι Il. 3.323, Il. 7.199, Il. 17.151, etc.: Od. 1.220, Od. 4.173, Od. 15.480, etc. 3 sing. pf. γέγονε Il. 19.122. 3 pl. γεγάασι Il. 4.325: Od. 5.35, Od. 6.62, Od. 9.118, Od. 10.5, Od. 13.160, Od. 19.279, Od. 24.84. 3 sing. plupf. γεγόνει Il. 13.355. Acc. sing. masc. pple. γεγαῶτα Il. 9.456: Od. 4.112, 144, Od. 19.400. Acc. pl. γεγαῶτας Il. 2.866. (For these pf. forms cf. μάω, μέμονα under μάω.) B 2 sing. aor. ἐγείναο Il. 5.880. 3 sing. (ἐ)γείνατο Il. 1.280, Il. 4.476, Il. 5.800, Il. 13.777, Il. 15.526, Il. 21.85, etc.: Od. 1.223, Od. 4.13, Od. 6.25, Od. 7.57, 61, Od. 11.268, 299, Od. 15.242, Od. 21.172. 2 sing. subj. γείνεαι Od. 20.202. Infin. γείνασθαι Il. 21.160: Od. 8.312. (ἐγ-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-, προ-.) I In pres. and impf. and forms (A), to come into being. 1 To be born, take one's being: τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο Il. 1.251, τῶν ἓξ ἐγένοντο Il. 5.270, πρότερος γενόμην (am the elder) Il. 19.219, Il. 21.440. Cf. Il. 5.548, 897, Il. 6.206, 489, Il. 10.71, etc.: τοῦ μʼ ἔκ φασι γενέσθαι Od. 1.220, γαμέοντί τε γεινομένῳ τε Od. 4.208. Cf. Od. 3.28, Od. 4.723, Od. 7.198, Od. 8.311, Od. 10.350, etc. 2 In pf., to be in the condition of having been born; hence simply, to exist, live, be: οἳ ὁπλότεροι γεγάασιν Il. 4.325: ἐν αἶγες γεγάασιν Od. 9.118, οἳ νῦν γεγάασιν Od. 24.84. Cf. Od. 5.35 = Od. 19.279, Od. 6.62, Od. 10.5, Od. 13.160. In more strict pf. sense: ἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλός (has been born, is born) Il. 19.122. Sim. in plupf.: Ζεὺς πρότερος γεγόνει (had been born earlier, was the elder) Il. 13.355. In pple., born Il. 9.456: Od. 4.112, 144, Od. 19.400. So ὑπὸ τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας (born (and dwelling) there) Il. 2.866. 3 To come into view or notice, be seen, heard, etc.: κλαγγή Il. 1.49, ὀδμή Il. 14.415, σέλας Il. 19.374. Cf. Il. 4.456, Il. 10.375, Il. 11.50, Il. 15.607, Il. 22.150, etc.: Od. 12.87, 396, Od. 22.77, 133, Od. 23.137. 4 Of natural phenomena, natural products, etc., to come into being, rise, grow, be: φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα Il. 2.468. Cf. Il. 2.397: ἐκ νυκτῶν ἄνεμοι γίγνονται Od. 12.287, ἐν οἶνος γίγνεται Od. 13.245, χιὼν γένετο (fell) Od. 14.476. Cf. Od. 9.51, Od. 12.326, Od. 17.23, Od. 22.491. 5 To come to or upon, fall to, befall, be the lot of, affect (a person). With dat.: Πηλεΐωνι ἄχος Il. 1.188, αἰδώς οἱ Il. 24.45. Cf. Il. 3.323, Il. 4.245, 289, Il. 9.125, Il. 14.98, Il. 19.274, etc.: παντα οἱ γένοιτο Od. 17.355, μὴ νῶϊν ἔρις γένηται Od. 18.13. Cf. Od. 8.414, Od. 11.208, Od. 18.122 = Od. 20.199, Od. 18.366, Od. 19.569, Od. 21.412. For ἐμὲ χρεὼ γίγνεται Od. 4.634 see χρειώ 1.a. Without case: ποινὴ οὔ τις ἐγίγνετο Il. 13.659. Cf. Il. 1.341, Il. 9.380, Il. 21.529: Od. 22.306. 6 To be manifested or shown, to be, come into play, take effect: οὔ τις φειδὼ γίγνεται (there is no . . .) Il. 7.410, μνημοσύνη τις γενέσθω (let there be . . .) Il. 8.181. Cf. Il. 15.359, Il. 23.505: εἰ γὰρ ἐπʼ ἀρῇσιν τέλος γένοιτο Od. 17.496. Cf. Od. 10.202 = 568. 7 To happen, occur, come round, come to pass, take place: ἠώς Il. 1.493, τάδε ἔργα Il. 6.348, ἀγορή Il. 7.345. Cf. Il. 3.110, 176, Il. 8.130, Il. 17.686, Il. 24.436, etc.: νόστον γενέσθαι Od. 4.173. Cf. Od. 1.379, Od. 2.26, 374, Od. 3.129, 228, Od. 4.747, Od. 5.299, Od. 11.537, Od. 12.191, Od. 24.455, 461, etc. 8 To become, come to be, prove to be so and so: ὁμηγερέες Il. 1.57, ἄνεῳ Il. 2.323, ἐν πυρὶ βουλαὶ γενοίατο (be cast) 340, κλισίῃσιν ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο γένοντο (reached the . . .) Il. 7.313. Cf. Il. 2.453, Il. 3.71, Il. 4.17, 466, Il. 8.180, Il. 20.497, Il. 22.421, etc.: λέων γένετο Od. 4.456, ὄφρʼ ἔτι δύης ἐπὶ πῆμα γενοίμην (be brought into . . .) Od. 14.338, φόνος οἱ γένοντο Od. 21.24. Cf. Od. 1.266, Od. 3.271, Od. 7.154, 316, Od. 15.446, Od. 16.175, etc. 9 Passes from this last sense into that, practically, of the copula, to be so and so: οὔ πώ τις ὁμοῖος γένετʼ ἀνήρ (was) Il. 2.553, ὃν κάρτιστον Ἀχαιῶν φημὶ γενέσθαι (that he is) Il. 6.98, ζαχρηεῖς γίγνοντο (were wont to be) Il. 13.684, ἀρίγνωτος Διὸς γίγνεται ἀλκή Il. 15.490. Cf. Il. 4.375, Il. 6.153, 210, Il. 13.569, Il. 16.746, Il. 20.220, etc.: οὐ νηὸς ἐπήβολος γίγνομαι Od. 2.320, τηλύγετος Od. 4.11 (after ἐκ δούλης in 12 supply γεγαώς). Cf. Od. 4.201, 362, Od. 5.224, Od. 8.586, Od. 9.35, Od. 17.223, Od. 19.344, Od. 22.130, etc. II In forms (B), to give (a person) being. 1 Of the father, to beget: παῖδα γείνατο τυδεύς Il. 5.800. Cf. Il. 4.400, Il. 5.880, Il. 15.526, Il. 21.160: υἷε κραταιώ Od. 15.242. Cf. Od. 7.61, Od. 20.202. 2 Of the mother, to bear: θεά σε γείνατο μήτηρ Il. 1.280. Cf. Il. 3.238, Il. 4.476, Il. 5.896, Il. 6.24, 26, Il. 24.608, etc.: ἥ ῥʼ Ἡρακλῆα γείνατο Od. 11.268. Cf. Od. 1.223, Od. 4.13, Od. 6.25, Od. 11.299, Od. 21.172. 3 Of both parents Il. 7.10, Il. 21.142: Od. 7.57, Od. 8.312.

δή

δή 1 Temporal particle. a α By or before this (or that) time, by now, now, already, ere this: ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασιν ἐνιαυτοί Il. 2.134. Cf. Il. 1.394, 503, Il. 2.117, Il. 3.150, Il. 5.383, Il. 8.297, etc.: ὃς δὴ γήραϊ κυφὸς ἔην Od. 2.16. Cf. Od. 1.26, 161, Od. 3.245, Od. 4.373, Od. 7.152, Od. 13.10, etc. β Indicating the arrival of a point of time, arrival at a result: ἐξ οὗ δὴ διαστήτην (from the time when the quarrel came to the point of braaking out) Il. 1.6, εἰδὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς (if it has come to this that . . . ) Il. 1.61, νημερτὲς μὲν δή μοι ὑπόσχεο (you must now decide) 514. Cf. Il. 1.161, 574, Il. 8.34, Il. 9.202, 309, 434, Il. 19.9, Il. 20.115, etc.: ἦ μάλα δή με θέσφαθʼ ἱκάνει Od. 13.172, ὅππως δὴ μνηστῆρσι χεῖρας ἐφήσει (at this crisis of his fate) Od. 20.29, αἲ γὰρ δὴ θεοὶ τισαίατο λώβην (to such a pitch of insolence have they come) 169. Cf. Od. 14.333, 379, Od. 19.510, Od. 22.395, Od. 23.43, etc. With ἄγε, ἄγετε. See ἄγε.–With ἄγρει Od. 21.176. b Now, at this (or that ) time: καὶ δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε . . . Il. 6.52. Cf. Il. 1.388, Il. 2.436, Il. 9.245, Il. 11.126, 441, Il. 17.261, etc.: ὃς δή σφι σχεδόν ἐστιν Od. 2.284. Cf. Od. 4.551, 770, Od. 5.401, 409, Od. 10.549, Od. 16.280, etc. c Joined with, and emphasizing or defining, other temporal words: αἰεὶ δή Il. 12.323, δὴ αὖ Il. 1.540, δὴ αὖτε Il. 1.340, ἐπεὶ δή Il. 4.124, ἐπὴν δή Il. 16.453, καί νυ δή Il. 7.273, νῦν δή Od. 2.284, ὁππότε δή Il. 16.53, ὅτε δή Il. 1.432, ὀψὲ δή Il. 7.94, τάχα δή Il. 13.120, τῆμος δή Od. 12.441, τότε δή Il. 1.92, etc. 2 As affirmative or emphasizing particle: μὴ δὴ οὕτως κλέπτε νόῳ Il. 1.131. Cf. Il. 1.286, 295, Il. 2.158, 301, Il. 6.476, Il. 8.491, Il. 11.314, Il. 13.260, Il. 18.364, etc.: εἰ δὴ ἐξ αὐτοῖο τόσος πάϊς εἰς Ὀδυσῆος Od. 1.207. Cf. Od. 1.253, 384, Od. 3.352, 357, Od. 4.819, Od. 5.23, Od. 11.348, Od. 14.282, etc. Giving a touch of scorn, forsooth, to be sure: ὡς δὴ τοῦδʼ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει Il. 1.110. Cf. Il. 3.403, Il. 8.177, Il. 14.88, etc.: Od. 21.170. Emphasizing superlatives: κάρτιστοι δὴ κεῖνοι τράφεν Il. 1.266. Cf. Il. 6.98, Il. 7.155, Il. 10.436, Il. 22.76, etc.: οἴκτιστον δὴ κεῖνο ἴδον Od. 12.258. Cf. Od. 8.519, Od. 11.309, etc.

κάρτιστος

κάρτιστος -η, -ον [superl. (with metathesis) of κρατύς.] 1 In superl. sense of καρτερός 1: κάρτιστον Ἀχαιῶν Il. 6.98. Cf. Il. 1.266, 267, Il. 16.155, Il. 8.17, Il. 9.1558. Of an eagle Il. 21.253. Absol. Il. 1.267. In superl. sense of καρτερός 2 Il. 20.243. 2 Of a battle, the most hotly contested, the most desperate Il. 6.185. 3 Absol. in neut. κάρτιστον, the best course to take, the best thing to do: φυγέειν κ. [ἐστιν] Od. 12.120.

†φημί

†φημί (Enclitic in pres. indic. act. except 2 sing.) 1 sing. pres. φημί Il. 2.129, Il. 5.652, Il. 6.98, etc. : Od. 2.171, Od. 4.141, Od. 5.290, etc. 2 sing. φῄς Il. 4.351, Il. 14.265, Il. 17.174 : Od. 1.391, Od. 7.239. φῇσθα Od. 14.149. 3 sing. φησί Il. 1.521, Il. 14.366, Il. 15.107, etc. : Od. 1.215, Od. 5.105, Od. 17.352, etc. 1 pl. φαμέν Il. 15.735. 2 pl. φατέ Od. 16.93, Od. 17.196. 3 pl. φασί Il. 2.783, Il. 4.375, Il. 5.635, etc. : Od. 1.33, Od. 3.84, Od. 4.201, etc. 3 sing. subj. φήῃ Od. 11.128, Od. 23.275. φῇσι Od. 1.168. φῇ Od. 19.122. Opt. φαίην Il. 6.285 : Od. 20.326. 2 sing. φαίης Il. 3.220, 392, Il. 4.429, Il. 15.697, Il. 17.366 : Od. 3.124. 3 sing. φαίη Od. 18.218, Od. 23.135. 1 pl. φαῖμεν Il. 2.81, Il. 24.222. Pple. φάς Il. 9.35. Nom. pl. masc. φάντες Il. 3.44, Il. 14.126. Impf. ἔφην Il. 16.61, Il. 20.348 : Od. 4.171, Od. 11.430, 540, Od. 14.176. φῆν Il. 18.326 : Od. 2.174. 2 sing. ἔφης Il. 22.280, 331. φῆς Il. 5.473 : Od. 14.117. ἔφησθα Il. 1.397, Il. 16.830 : Od. 3.357, Od. 23.71. φῆσθα Il. 21.186. 3 sing. ἔφη Il. 1.584, Il. 2.265, Il. 5.111, etc. : Od. 2.377, Od. 12.390, Od. 17.409, etc. φῆ Il. 2.37, Il. 21.361, Il. 24.608 : Od. 4.504, Od. 8.567, Od. 11.237, etc. 1 pl. ἔφαμεν Od. 24.24. φάμεν Il. 8.229, Il. 23.440 : Od. 4.664, Od. 9.496, Od. 16.347. 2 pl. φάτε Od. 17.25. 3 pl. ἔφασαν Il. 15.700 : Od. 10.35, 46, Od. 20.384. φάσαν Il. 2.278, Il. 4.374 : Od. 9.500, Od. 10.67, Od. 12.192, Od. 21.366, Od. 22.31. ἔφαν Il. 3.161, 302, Il. 7.206, etc.: Od. 9.413, Od. 10.422, Od. 17.488, etc. φάν Il. 6.108 : Od. 2.337, Od. 7.343, Od. 18.342. 3 sing. fut. φήσει Il. 8.148, 153. Mid. 2 pl. pres. φάσθε Od. 6.200, Od. 10.562. Imp. φάο Od. 16.168, Od. 18.171. 3 sing. φάσθω Od. 20.100. Pple. φάμενος Il. 5.290. Pl. φάμενοι Od. 10.446. Fem. φαμένη Il. 5.835, Il. 22.247, 460 : Od. 11.150, Od. 13.429, Od. 18.206, Od. 23.85. Infin. φάσθαι Il. 1.187, Il. 9.100, Il. 11.788, etc. : Od. 8.549, Od. 9.504, Od. 11.443, etc. Impf. ἐφάμην Il. 3.366, Il. 5.190, Il. 8.498, etc. : Od. 4.382, Od. 9.272, Od. 10.70, etc. 3 sing. ἔφατο Il. 1.33, Il. 2.807, Il. 4.326, etc. : Od. 1.42, Od. 2.267, Od. 5.301, etc. φάτο Il. 1.188, Il. 2.182, Il. 3.28, etc. : Od. 1.420, Od. 2.296, Od. 4.37, etc. 3 pl. ἔφαντο Il. 6.510, Il. 12.106, 125, Il. 17.379 : Od. 1.194, Od. 4.638, Od. 13.211. φάντο Od. 24.460. (ἀπο-, ἐκ-, μετα-, παρα-, προσ-) In act. and mid. 1 To utter speech, speak, say : ὣς ἔφη Il. 1.584, ὣς φάμενος Il. 5.290. Cf. Il. 1.188, Il. 2.278, Il. 3.161, Il. 21.361, etc. : Od. 1.42, Od. 2.35, 377, Od. 4.382, Od. 10.46, etc. 2 To utter, speak, say, tell : ἔπος ἔφατο Il. 1.361. Cf. Il. 9.100, Il. 18.17, Il. 21.393, etc. : μῦθόν κε φαίην Od. 20.326. Cf. Od. 2.384, Od. 3.357, Od. 16.168, etc. 3 To speak out, make disclosure Od. 8.549, Od. 21.194. To say, communicate, reveal, disclose : τὸ μὲν φάσθαι, τὸ δὲ καὶ κεκρυμμένον εἶναι Od. 11.443. 4 To say, state, assert, declare : ὡς φάσαν οἵ μιν ἴδοντο πονεύμενον Il. 4.374. With infin. : κρονίωνι λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι Il. 1.397, ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν Il. 5.473. Cf. Il. 2.129, Il. 4.351, Il. 6.206, Il. 8.229, Il. 17.174, etc. : Od. 1.33, Od. 2.171, Od. 4.504, Od. 7.239, Od. 8.567, Od. 9.504, Od. 11.540, etc. With omission of the infin. : εἴ δε κακὸν φήσει Il. 8.153. 5 In 3 pl. pres. with indefinite subject understood, they say, men say, it is said. With infin. : περὶ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι Il. 4.375, ζώειν ἔτι φασὶ μενοίτιον Il. 16.14. Cf. Il. 2.783, Il. 5.635, Il. 6.100, Il. 9.401, etc. : Od. 1.189, Od. 3.188, Od. 4.387, Od. 6.42, Od. 13.249, etc. Sim. in 3 pl. impf. mid. : ἔφαντό μιν ἐπιδήμιον εἶναι Od. 1.194. 6 With neg., to declare that . . . not . . . (cf. φάσκω 1) : ἡμίονον δʼ οὔ φημί τινʼ ἀξέμεν ἄλλον Il. 23.668. Cf. Il. 23.579, etc. : Od. 8.138, etc. To refuse : οὔ φησιν δώσειν Il. 7.393. 7 To deem, suppose, think. With infin. : αἱρήσειν πόλιν Il. 2.37, ἀθανάτων τίνʼ κατελθέμεν Il. 6.108, δηΐφοβον παρεῖναι Il. 22.298. Cf. Il. 3.44, 366, Il. 4.429, Il. 5.190, Il. 8.498, etc. : Od. 1.391, Od. 4.171, Od. 6.200, Od. 9.496, Od. 11.430, Od. 13.357, etc. With omission of the infin. : ψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν Il. 2.81=Il. 24.222. Cf. Il. 5.184, Il. 14.126. Without construction : ἦ τοι ἔφης γε Il. 22.280. 8 To have such and such an opinion of oneself, think so and so of oneself, be minded so and so : ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι Il. 1.187, Il. 15.167. Cf. Il. 14.366, Il. 15.183.