Per idem tempus Odaenathus insidiis consobrini sui interemptus est cum filio Herode, quem et ipsum imperatorem appellaverat. tum Zenobia, uxor eius, quod parvuli essent filii eius qui supererant, Herennianus et Timolaus, ipsa suscepit imperium diuque rexit non muliebriter neque more femineo, sed non solum Gallieno, quo quaeque virgo melius imperare potuisset, verum etiam multis imperatoribus fortius atque sollertius. Gallienus sane, ubi ei nuntiatum Odaenathum interemptum, bellum Persis ad seram nimis vindictam patris paravit collectisque per ueras pro uitreis P, E. ue iris. by Bitschofsky; om. in P; nauali sint del. by Peter. cum P. quo quaeque Peter 2; quoque P ; quo quae Hohl. Heraclianum ducem militibus sollertis principis rem gerebat, qui tamen Heraclianus, cum contra Persas profectus esset, a Palmyrenis victus omnes quos paraverat milites perdidit, Zenobia Palmyrenis et orientalibus plerisque viriliter imperante. Inter haec Scythae per Euxinum navigantes Histrum ingressi multa gravia in solo Romano fecerunt, quibus compertis Gallienus Cleodamum et Athenaeum Byzantios instaurandis urbibus muniendisque praefecit, pugnatumque est circa Pontum, et a Byzantiis ducibus victi sunt barbari. Veneriano item duce navali bello Gothi superati sunt, cum ipse Venerianus militari periit morte, atque inde Cyzicum et Asiam, deinceps Achaiam omnem vastaverunt et ab Atheniensibus duce Dexippo, scriptore horum temporum, victi sunt. unde pulsi per Epirum, Macedoniam, Boeotiam pervagati sunt. Gallienus interea vix excitatus publicis malis Gothis vagantibus per Illyricum occurrit et fortuito plurimos interemit. quo comperto Scythae facta carragine per montem Gessacem fugere sunt conati. If this is true, it means a breaking of the friendly relations which had hitherto existed between Rome and Palmyraâ— perhaps an attempt to put an end to the unusual powers held by Zenobiaâ—but we have no other evidence of it. Odaenathus was killed sometime in 266-67, and in the summer of Heraclianus was with Gallienus at Milan ; see c. xiv. 1. This was the great invasion of the Eruli, a Germanic tribe, in 267. Setting forth with 500 ships from the Sea of Azov, they sailed into the mouth of the Danube. Gallienus, engaged in the war against Postumus, deputed the various generals here mentioned to deal with them, but despite their efforts the invaders overran Greece, even as far as the Peloponnese. They were defeated by Dexippus in an attempt to take Athens on their return northward, and again by omnes inde Scythas Marcianus varia bellorum fortuna quae omnes Scythas ad rebellionem excitarunt.