The Spintriae he banished from the city, being prevailed upon not to throw them
					into the sea, as he had intended. The writings of Titus Lubienus, Cordus
					Cremutius, and Cassius Severus, which had been suppressed by an act of the
					senate, he permitted to be drawn from obscurity, and universally read;
					observing, "that it would be for his own advantage to have the transactions of
					former times delivered to posterity." He published accounts of the proceedings
					of the government-a practice which had been introduced by Augustus, but
					discontinued by Tiberius . See the Life of AUGUSTUS, cc. xxviii. and xciL He
					granted the magistrates a full and free jurisdiction, without any appeal to
					himself. He made a very strict and exact review of the Roman knights, but
					conducted it with moderation; publicly depriving of his horse every knight who
					lay under the stigma of any thing base and dishonourable; but passing over the
					names of those knights who were only guilty of venial faults, in calling over
					the list of the order. To lighten the labours of the judges, he added a fifth
					class to the former four. He attempted likewise to restore to the people their
					ancient right of voting in the choice of magistrates. Julius Caesar had shared it with them (c. xli.). Augustus had only kept up
						the form (c. xl.). Tiberius 
						deprived the Roman people of the last remains of the freedom of
						suffrage. He paid very honourably, and without any dispute, the
					legacies left by Tiberius in his will,
					though it had been set aside; as likewise those left by the will of Livia
					Augusta, which Tiberius had annulled.
					He remitted the hundredth penny, due to the government in all auctions
					throughout Italy . He made up to many
					their losses sustained by fire; and. when he restored their kingdoms. to any
					princes, he likewise allowed them all the arrears of the taxes.-and revenues
					which had accrued in the interval; as in the case of Antiochus of Comagene,
					where the confiscation would have amounted to a hundred millions of sesterces.
					T6, prove to the world that he was ready to encourage good examples of every
					kind, he gave to a freed-woman eighty thousand sesterces, for not discovering a
					crime committed by her patron, though she had been put to exquisite torture for
					that purpose. For all these acts of beneficence, amongst other honours, a golden
					shield was decreed to him, which the colleges of priests were to carry annually,
					upon a fixed day, into the Capitol, with the senate attending, and the youth of
					the nobility, of both sexes, celebrating the praise of his virtues in songs. It
					was likewise ordained, that the day on which he succeeded to the empire should
					be called Palilia, in token of the city's being at that time, as it were, new
					founded. The city of Rome was founded on the twenty-first day of April, which
						was called Palilia, from Pales, the goddess of shepherds, and ever
						afterwards kept as a festival. He held the consulship four times: the first, A. U. C.
						790. from the calends [the first] of July for two months; the
						second, A.U.C. 791 from the calends of January
					for thirty days; the third, A.U.C. 793 until the
					ides [the 13th] of January; and the fourth, A.U.C.
						794 until the seventh of the same ides [7th January]. Of these, the
					two last he held successively. The third he assumed by his sole authority at
						 Lyons ; not, as some are of opinion,
					from arrogance or neglect of rules; but because, at that distance, it was
					impossible for him to know that his colleague had died a little before the
					beginning of the new year. He twice distributed to the people a bounty of three
					hundred sesterces a man, and as often gave a splendid feast to the senate and
					the equestrian order, with their wives and children. In the latter, he presented
					to the men forensic garments, and to the women and children purple scarfs. To
					make a perpetual addition to the public joy for ever, he added to the
						Saturnalia The Saturnaia, held in honour of Saturn , was, amongst the Romans, the most
						celebrated festival of the whole year, and held in the month of December.
						All orders of the people then devoted themselves to mirth and feasting;
						friends sent presents to one another; and masters treated their slaves upon
						a footing of equality. At first it was held only for one day, afterwards for
						three days, and was now prolonged by Caligula's orders. one day,
					which he called juvenalis [the juvenile feast]. He exhibited some combats of gladiators, either in the amphitheatre of
						Taurus, See AUGUSTUS, cc. xxix. and xliii. The
						amphitheatre of Statilius Taurus is supposed to have stood in the Campus Martius , and the elevation now
						called the Monte Citorio, to have been formed by its ruins. or in
					the Septa , with which he intermingled
					troops of the best pugilists from Campania and Africa .
					He did not always preside in person on those occasions, but sometimes gave a
					commission to magistrates or friends to supply his place. He frequently
					entertained the people with stage-plays of various kinds, and in several parts
					of the city, and sometimes by night, when he caused the whole city to be
					lighted. He likewise gave various things to be scrambled for among the people,
					and distributed to every man a basket of bread with other victuals. Upon this
					occasion, he sent his own share to a Roman knight, who was seated opposite to
					him, and was enjoying himself by eating heartily. To a senator, who was doing
					the same, he sent an appointment of praetor-extraordinary. He likewise exhibited
					a great number of Circensian games from morning until night; intermixed with the
					hunting of wild beasts from Africa , or
					the Trojan exhibition. Some of these games were celebrated with peculiar
					circumstances; the Circus being overspread with vermilion and chrysolite; and
					none drove in the chariot races who were not of the senatorian order. For some
					of these he suddenly gave the signal, when, upon his viewing from the
						Gelotiana Supposed to be a house, so called, adjoining
						the Circus, in which some of the emperor's attendants resided. the
					preparations in the Circus, he was asked to do so by a few persons in the
					neighbouring galleries. He invented besides a new kind of spectacle, such as had never been heard of
					before. For he made a bridge, of about three miles and a half in length, from
						 Baiae to the mole of Puteoli , Now Puzzuoli,
						on the shore of the bay of Naples .
						Every one knows what wealth was lavished here and at Baiae , on public works and the marine
						villas of the luxurious Romans, in the times of the emperors. 
					collecting trading vessels from all quarters, mooring them in two rows by their
					anchors, and spreading earth upon them to form a viaduct, after the fashion of
					the Appian way. The original terminus of the Appian way
						was at Brundusium . This mole
						formed what we should call a nearer station to Rome , on the same road, the ruins of which are still to be
						seen. St. Paul landed there. This bridge he crossed and recrossed
					for two days together; the first day mounted on a horse richly caparisoned,
					wearing on his head a crown of oak leaves, armed with a battle-axe, a Spanish
					buckler and a sword, and in a cloak made of cloth of gold; the, day following,
					in the habit of a charioteer, standing in a chariot, drawn by two high-bred
					horses, having with him a young boy, Darius by name, one of the Parthian
					hostages, with a cohort of the pretorian guards attending him, and- a party of
					his friends in ,cars of Gaulish make. Essedis : they were light cars, on two
						wheels, constructed to carry only one person; invented, it is supposed, by
						the Belgians, and by them introduced into Britain , where they were used in war. The Romans, after
						their expeditions in Gaul and
							 Britain , adopted this useful
						vehicle instead of their more cumbrous RHEDA, not only for journies where
						dispatch was required, but in solemn processions, and for ordinary purposes.
						They seem to have become the fashion, for Ovid tells us that these little
						carriages were driven by young ladies, themselves holding the reins, Amor.
						xi. 16. 49. Most people, I know, are of opinion, that this bridge
					was designed by Caius, in imitation of Xerxes, who, to the astonishment of the
					world, laid a bridge over the Hellespont , which is somewhat narrower than the distance
					betwixt Baiae and Puteoli . Others, however, thought that he did
					it to strike terror in Germany and
						 Britain , which he was upon the
					point of invading, by the fame of some prodigious work. But for myself, when I
					was a boy, I heard my grandfather say, Suetonius
						flourished about seventy years after this, in the reign of Adrian, and
						derived many of the anecdotes which give interest to his history from
						cotemporary persons. See CLAUDIUS, c. xv. c. that the reason
					assigned by some courtiers who were in habits of the greatest intimacy with him,
					was this; when Tiberius was in some anxiety about the nomination of a successor,
					and rather inclined to pitch upon his grandson, Thrasyllus the astrologer had
					assured him, "That Caius would no more be emperor, than he would ride on
					horseback across the gulf of Baiae ." He likewise exhibited public diversions in Sicily , Grecian games at Syracuse , and Attic plays at Lyons in Gaul : besides
					a contest for pre-eminence in the Grecian and Roman eloquence; in which we are
					told that such as were baffled bestowed rewards upon the best performers, and
					were obliged to compose speeches in their praise: but that those who performed
					the worst were forced to blot out what they had written with a sponge or their
					tongue, unless they preferred to be beaten with a rod, or plunged over head and
					ears into the nearest river.