After a slight repast at noon, he used to seek repose, A
						custom in all warm countries; the siesta of the Italians in later
						times. dressed as he was, and with his shoes on, his feet covered,
					and his hand held before his eyes. After supper he commonly withdrew to his
					study, a small closet, where he sat late, until he had put down in his diary all
					or most of the remaining transactions of the day, which he had not before
					registered. He would then go to bed, but never slept above seven hours at most,
					and that not without interruption; for he would wake three or four times during
					that time. If he could not again fall asleep, as sometimes happened, he called
					for some one to read or tell stories to him, until he became drowsy, and then
					his sleep was usually protracted till after day-break. He never liked to lie
					awake in the dark, without somebody to sit by him. Very early rising was apt to
					disagree with him. On which account, if he was obliged to rise betimes, for any
					civil or religious functions, in order to guard as much as possible against the
					inconvenience resulting from it, he used to lodge in some apartment near the
					spot, belonging to any of his attendants. If at any time a fit of drowsiness
					seized him in passing along the streets, his litter was set down while he
					snatched a few moments' sleep. In person he was handsome and graceful through every period of his life. But he
					was negligent in his dress; and so careless about dressing his hair, that he
					usually had it done in great haste, by several barbers at a time. His beard he
					sometimes clipped, and sometimes shaved; and either read or wrote during the
					operation. His countenance, either when discoursing or silent, was so calm and
					serene, that a Gaul of the first rank
					declared amongst his friends, that he was so softened by it, as to be restrained
					from throwing him down a precipice, in his passage over the Alps , when he had been admitted to approach
					him, under pretence of conferring with him. His eyes were bright and piercing;
					and he was willing it should be thought that there was something of a divine
					vigour in them. He was likewise not a little pleased to see people, upon his
					looking stedfastly at them, lower their countenances, as if the sun shone in
					their eyes. But in his old age, he saw very imperfectly with his left eye. His
					teeth were thin set, small and scaly, his hair a little curled, and inclining to
					a yellow colour. His eye-brows met; his ears were small, and he had an aquiline
					nose. His complexion was betwixt brown and fair; his stature but low; though
					Julius Marathus, his freedman, says he was five feet and nine inches in height.
					This, however, was so much concealed by the just proportion of his limbs, that
					it was only perceivable upon comparison with some taller person standing by
					him. He is said to have been born with many spots upon his breast and belly, answering
					to the figure, order, and number of the stars in the constellation of the Bear.
					He had besides several callosities resembling scars, occasioned by an itching in
					his body, and the constant and violent use of the strigil The strigil was used in the baths for scraping the body when in a state of
						perspiration. It was sometimes made of gold or silver, and not unlike in
						form the instrument used by grooms about horses when profusely sweating or
						splashed with mud. in being rubbed. He had a weakness in his left
					hip, thigh, and leg, insomuch that he often halted on that side; but he received
					much benefit from the use of sand and reeds. He likewise sometimes found the
					fore-finger of his right hand so weak, that when it was benumbed and contracted
					with cold, to use it in writing, he was obliged to have recourse to a circular
					piece of horn. He had occasionally a complaint in the bladder; but upon voiding
					some stones in his urine, he was relieved from that pain. During the whole course of his life, he suffered, at times, dangerous fits of
					sickness, especially after the conquest of Cantabria ; when his liver being injured by a defluxion upon it,
					he was reduced to such a condition, that he was obliged to undergo a desperate
					and doubtful method of cure: for warm applications having no effect, Antonius
						Musa His physician, mentioned c. lviii. directed
					the use of those which were cold. He was likewise subject to fits of sickness at
					stated times every year; for about his birth-day September
						21st, a sickly season at Rome . he was commonly a little indisposed. In the
					beginning of spring, he was attacked with an inflation of the midriff; and when
					the wind was southerly, with a cold in his head. By all these complaints, his
					constitution was so shattered, that he could not easily bear either heat or
					cold. In the winter, he was protected against the inclemency of the weather by a thick
					toga, four tunics, a shirt, a flannel stomacher, and swathings upon his legs and
					thighs. Feminalibus et
							ibiaibus : Neither the ancient Romans or the Greeks wore
						breeches, trews, or trowsers, which they despised as barbarian articles of
						dress. The coverings here mentioned were swathings for the legs and thighs,
						used mostly in cases of sickness or infirmity, and when otherwise worn,
						reckoned effeminate. But soon after the Romans became acquainted with the
						German and Celtic nations, the habit of covering the lower extremities,
						barbarous as it had been held, was geerally adopted. In summer, he
					lay with the doors of his bedchamber open, and frequently in a piazza, refreshed
					by a bubbling fountain, and a person standing by to fan him. He could not bear
					even the winter's sun; and at home, never walked in the open air without a
					broad-brimmed hat on his head. He usually travelled in a litter, and by night;
					and so slow, that he was two days in going to Praeneste or Tibur .
					And if he could go to any place by sea, he preferred that mode of travelling. He
					carefully nourished his health against his many infirmities, avoiding chiefly
					the free use of the bath; but he was often rubbed with oil, and sweated in a
					stove; after which he was washed with tepid water, warmed either by a fire, or
					by being exposed to the heat of the sun. When, upon account of his nerves, he
					was obliged to have recourse to sea-water, or the waters of Albula , Albula . On the left of the road to
							 Tivoli , near the ruins of
						Adrian's villa. The waters are sulphureous, and the deposit from them causes
						incrustations on twigs and other matters plunged in the springs. See a
						curious account of this stream in Gell's Topography, published by Bohn, p.
						40. he was contented with sitting over a wooden tub, which he called
					by a Spanish name Dureta, and plunging his hands and feet in the water by
					turns.