By Scribonia he had a daughter named Julia , but no children by Livia , although extremely desirous of issue. She, indeed,
					conceived once, but miscarried. He gave his daughter Julia in the first instance to Marcellus , his sister's son, who had just
					completed his minority; and, after his death, to Marcus Agrippa, having
					prevailed with his sister to yield her son-in-law to his wishes; for at that
					time Agrippa was married to one of the Marcellas, and had children by her.
					Agrippa dying also, he for a long time thought of several matches for Julia in even the equestrian order, and at
					last resolved upon selecting Tiberius 
					for his step-son; and he obliged him to part with his wife at that time
					pregnant, and who had already brought him a child. Mark Antony writes, "That he
					first contracted Julia to his son, and
					afterwards to Cotiso, king of Getae, He is mentioned by
							 Horace : Occidit Daci Cotisonis agimen. Ode 8, b. iii. Most probably Antony knew the imputation to be unfounded, and made it
						for the purpose of excusing his own marriage with Cleopatra ; demanding at the same
					time the king's daughter in marriage for himself." He had three grandsons by Agrippa and Julia , namely, Caius, Lucius , and Agrippa; and two granddaughters, Julia and Agrippina. Julia he married to Lucius Paulus, the censor's son, and Agrippina
					to Germanicus, his sister's grandson. Caius and Lucius he adopted at home, by
					the ceremony of purchase This form of adoption consisted in
						a fictitious sale. See Cicero, Topic iii. from their father, advanced
					them, while yet very young, to offices in the state, and when they were
					consuls-elect, sent them to visit the provinces and armies. In bringing up his
					daughter and grand-daughters, he accustomed them to domestic employments, and
					even spinning, and obliged them to speak and act every thing openly before the
					family, that it might be put down in the diary. He so strictly prohibited them
					from all converse with strangers, that he once wrote a letter to Lucius
					Vinicius, a handsome young man of a good family, in which he told him, "You have
					not behaved very modestly, in making a visit to my daughter at Baiae ." He usually instructed his grandsons
					himself in reading, swimming, and other rudiments of knowledge; and he laboured
					nothing more than to perfect them in the imitation of his hand-writing. He never
					supped but he had them sitting at the foot of his couch; nor ever travelled but
					with them in a chariot before him, or riding beside him. But in the midst of all his joy and hopes in his numerous and well-regulated
					family, his fortune failed him. The two Julias, his daughter and grand-daughter,
					abandoned themselves to such courses of lewdness and debauchery, that he
					banished them both. Caius and Lucius he
					lost within the space of eighteen months; the former dying in Lycia , and the latter at Marseilles . His third grandson Agrippa, with
					his step-son Tiberius, he adopted in the forum, by a law passed for the purpose
					by the sections; Curiae. Romulus divided the people of
							 Rome into three tribes; and
						each tribe into ten Curiae. The number of tribes was afterwards increased by
						degrees to thirty-five; but that of the Curiae always remained the same.
					 but he soon afterwards discarded Agrippa for his coarse and unruly
					temper, and confined him at Surrentum .
					He bore the death of his relations with more patience than he did their
					disgrace; for he was not overwhelmed by the loss of Caius and Lucius; but in the
					case of his daughter, he stated the facts to the senate in a message read to
					them by the quaestor, not having the heart to be present himself; indeed, he was
					so much ashamed of her infamous conduct, that for some time he avoided all
					company, and had thoughts of putting her to death. It is certain that when one
					Phoebe, a freed-woman and confidant of hers, hanged herself about the same time,
					he said, "I had rather be the father of Phoebe than of Julia." In her banishment
					he would not allow her the use of wine, nor any luxury in dress; nor would he
					suffer her to be waited upon by any male servant, either freeman or slave,
					without his permission, and having received an exact account of his age,
					stature, complexion, and what marks or scars he had about him. At the end of
					five years he removed her from the island [where she was confined] to the
					continent, She was removed to Reggio in Calabria . and treated her with less severity, but could
					never be prevailed upon to recall her. When the Roman people interposed on her
					behalf several times with much importunity, all the reply he gave was: "I wish
					you had all such daughters and wives as she is." He likewise forbad a child, of
					which his granddaughter Julia was delivered after sentence had passed against
					her, to be either owned as a relation, or brought up. Agrippa, who was equally
					intractable, and whose folly increased every day, he transported to an
						island, Agrippa was first banished to the little
						desolate island of Planasia ,
						now Pianosa. It is one of the group in the Tuscan sea, between Elba and Corsica . and placed a guard of soldiers about him;
					procuring at the same time an act of the senate for his confinement there during
					life. Upon any mention of him and the two Julias, he would say, with a heavy
					sigh, Would I were wifeless, or had childless died! A quotation from the Iliad,
									iii. 40; where Hector is venting his rage on Paris. The
									inflexion is slightly changed, the line in the original
									commencing, αἵθ' , "would thou wert, etc." nor did he usually call them by any other name than that of his "three
					imposthumes or cancers." He was cautious in forming friendships, but clung to them with great constancy;
					not only rewarding the virtues and merits of his friends according to their
					deserts, but bearing likewise with their faults and vices, provided that they
					were of a venial kind, For amongst all his friends, we scarcely find any who
					fell into disgrace with him, except Salvidienus Rufus, whom he raised to the
					consulship, and Cornelius Gallus, whom he made prefect in Egypt ; both of them men of the lowest
					extraction. One of these, being engaged in plotting a rebellion, he delivered
					over to the senate, for condemnation; and the other, on account of his
					ungrateful and malicious temper, he forbad his house, and his living in any of
					the provinces. When, however, Gallus, being denounced by his accusers, and
					sentenced by the senate, was driven to the desperate extremity of laying violent
					hands upon himself, he commended, indeed, the attachment to his person of those
					who manifested so much indignation, but he shed tears, and lamented his unhappy
					condition, "That I alone," said he, " cannot be allowed to resent the misconduct
					of my friends in such a way only as I would wish." The rest of his friends of
					all orders flourished during their whole lives, both in power and wealth, in the
					highest ranks of their several orders, notwithstanding some occassional lapses.
					For, to say nothing of others, he sometimes complained that Agrippa was hasty,
					and Maecenas a tattler; the former having thrown up all his employments and
					retired to Mitylene , on suspicion of
					some slight coolness, and from jealousy that Marcellus received greater marks of
					favour; and the latter having confidentially imparted to his wife Terentia the
					discovery of Murena's conspiracy. He likewise expected from his friends, at their deaths as well as during their
					lives, some proofs of their reciprocal attachment. For though he was far from
					coveting their property, and indeed would never accept of any legacy left him by
					a stranger, yet he pondered in a melancholy mood over their last words; not
					being able to conceal his chagrin, if in their wills they made but a slight, or
					no very honourable mention of him, nor his joy, on the other hand, if they
					expressed a grateful sense of his favours, and a hearty affection for him. And
					whatever legacies or shares of their property were left for him by such as were
					parents, he used to restore to their children, either immediately, or if they
					were under age, upon the day of their assuming the manly dress, or of their
					marriage; with interest. As a patron and master, his behaviour in general was mild and conciliating; but
					when occasion required it, he could be severe. He advanced many of his freedmen
					to posts of honour and great importance, as Licinus, Enceladus, and others; and
					when his slave, Cosmus, had reflected bitterly upon him, he resented the injury
					no further than by putting him in fetters. When his steward, Diomedes, left him
					to the mercy of a wild boar, which suddenly attacked them while they were
					talking together, he considered it rather a cowardice than a breach of duty; and
					turned an occurrence of no small hazard into a jest, because there was no
					knavery in his steward's. conduct. He put to death Proculus, one of his most
					favourite freedmen, for maintaining a criminal commerce with other men's wives.
					He broke the legs of his secretary, Thallus, for taking a bribe of five hundred
					denarii to discover the contents of one of his letters. And the tutor and other
					attendants of his son Caius, having taken advantage of his sickness and death,
					to give loose to their insolence and rapacity in the province he governed, he
					caused heavy weights to be tied about their necks, and had them thrown into a
					river.