Theseus joined Hercules in his expedition against
 the Amazons and carried off Antiope, or, as some say, Melanippe; but
 Simonides calls her Hippolyte. As to Theseus and the Amazons, see Diod.
 4.28 ; Plut. Thes. 26-28 ;
 Paus. 1.2.1 ; Paus. 1.15.2 ; Paus. 1.41.7 ;
 Paus. 2.32.9 ; Paus. 5.11.4 and Paus. 5.11.7 ;
 Zenobius, Cent. v.33 . The invasion of Attica by the Amazons in the
 time of Theseus is repeatedly referred to by Isocrates ( Isoc. 4.68 , 70 ,
 4.42 , 7.75 ,
 12.193 ). The Amazon whom Theseus
 married, and by whom he had Hippolytus, is commonly called Antiope
 ( Plut. Thes. 26 ; Plut. Thes. 28 ; Diod. 4.28 ;
 Paus. 1.2.1 ; Paus. 1.41.7 ; Seneca, Hippolytus 927ff. ;
 Hyginus, Fab. 30 ). But according to Clidemus, in
 agreement with Simonides, her name was Hippolyte ( Plut. Thes. 27 ), and so she is called by
 Isocrates ( Isoc. 12.193 ). Pausanias says
 that Hippolyte was a sister of Antiope ( Paus.
 1.41.7 ). Tzetzes expressly affirms that Antiope, and not
 Hippolyte, was the wife of Theseus and mother of Hippolytus
 ( Scholiast on Lycophron 1329 ). The grave of Antiope was
 shown both at Athens and
 Megara ( Paus. 1.2.1 ; Paus.
 1.41.7 ). Wherefore the Amazons marched against Athens , and having taken up a position about
 the Areopagus According to
 Diod. 4.28.2 , the Amazons encamped at the place which
 was afterwards called the Amazonium. The topography of the battle seems
 to have been minutely described by the antiquarian Clidemus, according
 to whom the array of the Amazons extended from the Amazonium to the
 Pnyx, while the Athenians attacked them from the Museum Hill on one side
 and from Ardettus and the Lyceum on the other. See Plut. Thes. 27 . they were
 vanquished by the Athenians under Theseus. And though he had a son
 Hippolytus by the Amazon, Theseus afterwards received from Deucalion This Deucalion was a son of Minos and reigned after
 him; he was thus a brother of Phaedra. See above, Apollod. 3.1.2 ; Diod. 4.62.1 .
 He is not to be confounded with the more famous Deucalion in whose time
 the great flood took place. See above, Apollod.
 1.7.2 . in marriage Phaedra, daughter of Minos; and
 when her marriage was being celebrated, the Amazon that had before been
 married to him appeared in arms with her Amazons, and threatened to kill the
 assembled guests. But they hastily closed the doors and killed her. However,
 some say that she was slain in battle by Theseus. And Phaedra, after she had borne two children, Acamas and Demophon, to
 Theseus, fell in love with the son he had by the Amazon, to wit, Hippolytus,
 and besought him to lie with her. Howbeit, he fled from her embraces,
 because he hated all women. But Phaedra, fearing that he might accuse her to
 his father, cleft open the doors of her bed-chamber, rent her garments, and
 falsely charged Hippolytus with an assault. Theseus believed her and prayed to Poseidon that Hippolytus might perish. So,
 when Hippolytus was riding in his chariot and driving beside the sea,
 Poseidon sent up a bull from the surf, and the horses were frightened, the
 chariot dashed in pieces, and Hippolytus, entangled in the
 reins, was dragged to death. And when her passion was made public, Phaedra
 hanged herself. The guilty
 passion of Phaedra for her stepson Hippolytus and the tragic end of the
 innocent youth, done to death by the curses of his father Theseus, are
 the subject of two extant tragedies, the Hippolytus of
 Euripides, and the Hippolytus or Phaedra 
 of Seneca. Compare also Diod. 4.62 ; Paus. 1.22 , Paus. 1.22.1ff. ,
 Paus. 2.32.1-4 ; Scholiast on
 Hom. Od. xi.321 , citing Asclepiades as his authority;
 Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 1329 ; Tzetzes,
 Chiliades vi.504ff. ; Scholiast on Plat. Laws 9,
 931b ; Ov. Met. 15.497ff. ;
 Ovid, Her. iv ; Hyginus, Fab. 47 ; Serv. Verg. A. 6.445 and vii.761 ; Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini, ed. Bode,
 i. pp. 17, 117ff. (First Vatican Mythographer 46; Second Vatican
 Mythographer 128) . Sophocles composed a tragedy
 Phaedra , of which some fragments remain, but little
 or nothing is known of the plot. See The Fragments of Sophocles , ed. A. C. Pearson, vol.
 ii. pp. 294ff. Euripides wrote two tragedies on the same
 subject, both under the title of Hippolytus : it is the
 second which has come down to us. In the first Hippolytus 
 the poet, incensed at the misconduct of his wife, painted the character
 and behaviour of Phaedra in much darker colours than in the second,
 where he has softened the portrait, representing the unhappy woman as
 instigated by the revengeful Aphrodite, but resisting the impulse of her
 fatal passion to the last, refusing to tell her love to Hippolytus, and
 dying by her own hand rather than endure the shame of its betrayal by a
 blabbing nurse. This version of the story is evidently not the one here
 followed by Apollodorus, according to whom Phaedra made criminal
 advances to her stepson. On the other hand the version of Apollodorus
 agrees in this respect with that of the Scholiast on Hom. Od.
 xi.321 : both writers may have followed the first
 Hippolytus of Euripides. As to that lost play, of
 which some fragments have come down to us, see the Life of
 Euripides in Westermann's Vitarum Scriptores Graeci
 Minores , p. 137 ; the Greek Argument to the
 extant Hippolytus of Euripides vol. i.163, ed.
 Paley ; TGF (Nauck 2nd ed.), pp. 491ff. 
 Apollodorus says nothing as to the scene of the tragedy. Euripides in
 his extant play lays it at Troezen , whither Theseus had gone with Phaedra to be
 purified for the slaughter of the sons of Pallas ( Eur. Hipp. 34ff. ). Pausanias agrees with
 this account, and tells us that the graves of the unhappy pair were to
 be seen beside each other at Troezen , near a myrtle-tree, of which the pierced leaves
 still bore the print of Phaedra's brooch. The natural beauty of the spot
 is in keeping with the charm which the genius of Euripides has thrown
 over the romantic story of unhappy love and death. Of Troezen itself
 only a few insignificant ruins remain, overgrown with weeds and
 dispersed amid a wilderness of bushes. But hard by are luxuriant groves
 of lemon and orange with here and there tall cypresses towering like
 dark spires above them, while behind this belt of verdure rise wooded
 hills, and across the blue waters of the nearly landlocked bay lies
 Calauria, the sacred island of Poseidon, its peaks veiled in the sombre
 green of the pines. A different place and time were assigned by Seneca
 to the tragedy. According to him, the events took place at Athens , and Phaedra
 conceived her passion for Hippolytus and made advances to him during the
 absence of her husband, who had gone down to the nether world with
 Pirithous and was there detained for four years ( Eur. Hipp.835ff. ). Diodorus Siculus agrees
 with Euripides in laying the scene of the tragedy at Troezen , and he agrees with Apollodorus in
 saying that at the time when Phaedra fell in love with Hippolytus she
 was the mother of two sons, Acamas and Demophon, by Theseus. In his
 usual rationalistic vein Diodorus omits all mention of Poseidon and the
 sea-bull, and ascribes the accident which befell Hippolytus to the
 mental agitation he felt at his stepmother's calumny. 
 
 Ixion fell in love with Hera and attempted to force
 her; and when Hera reported it, Zeus, wishing to know if the thing were so,
 made a cloud in the likeness of Hera and laid it beside him; and when Ixion
 boasted that he had enjoyed the favours of Hera, Zeus bound him to a wheel,
 on which he is whirled by winds through the air; such is the penalty he
 pays. And the cloud, impregnated by Ixion, gave birth to Centaurus. Compare Pind. P. 2.21(39)-48(88), with the Scholiast on
 21(39) ; Diod. 4.69.4ff. ; Scholiast on Eur.
 Ph. 1185 ; Scholiast on Hom. Od.xxi.303 ;
 Scholiast on Ap. Rhod., Argon. iii.62 ; Hyginus,
 Fab. 62 ; Serv. Verg. A. 6.286 
 (who does not mention the punishment of the wheel); Lactantius
 Placidus on Statius, Theb. iv.539 ; Scriptores rerum
 mythicarum Latini, ed. Bode, i. pp. 4, 110ff. (First Vatican
 Mythographer 14; Second Vatican Mythographer 106) . Tzetzes
 flatly contradicts Pindar and substitutes a dull rationalistic narrative
 for the poet's picturesque myth ( Tzetzes, Chiliades
 vii.30ff. ). According to some, the wheel of Ixion was fiery
 ( Scholiast on Eur. Ph. 1185 ); according to the Vatican
 Mythographer it was entwined with snakes. The fiery aspect of the wheel
 is supported by vase paintings. From this and other evidence Mr. A. B.
 Cook argues that the flaming wheel launched through the air is a
 mythical expression for the Sun, and that Ixion himself “typifies a
 whole series of human Ixions who in bygone ages were done to death as
 effete embodiments of the sungod.” See his book Zeus , i.198-211 .