If a man wants to make a useful war-horse look more stately and showy when ridden, he must avoid pulling his mouth with the bit, and using the spur and whip, means by which most people imagine that they show off a horse. In point of fact the results they produce are the very opposite of what they intend. For by dragging the mouth up they blind their horses instead of letting them see ahead, and by spurring and whipping, flurry them so that they are startled and get into danger. Or, reading δινεύειν , which occurred to Pollack and the translator independently, twist about, indulge in reactions. This is much more probable. That is the behaviour of horses that strongly object to being ridden and that behave in an ugly and unseemly fashion.